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Anatomy > Skeletal system > Flashcards

Skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

Sutures

A

Coronal and sagittal

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2
Q

Cranial bones

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, & ethmoid

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3
Q

Frontal

A

The bone of the forehead, eyebrows, and roof of the eye orbit

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4
Q

Parietal

A

Two bones posterior to the frontal bone at the top of the cranium, are separated from the frontal bone by the coronal suture. The sagittal suture separates the parietal bones.

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5
Q

Temporal

A

Zygomatic arch, mandibular fossa, mastoid process, styloid process, external auditory meatus, internal auditory meatus, jugular foramen

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6
Q

Zygomatic arch

A

The arch extends from the temporal bone to articulate with the zygomatic (cheek) bone

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7
Q

Mandibular fossa

A

Depression just anterior to the styloid process that articulates with the mandible to form the temporal-mandibular joint

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8
Q

Mastoid process

A

Large, rounded projection of bone that attaches to the neck muscle. This projection can be felt just behind your ear

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9
Q

Mastoid

A

Shaped like a breast

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10
Q

Styloid process

A

A thin, pointed projection medial to the mastoid process

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11
Q

Styloid

A

Long, pointed pillar or stylus

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12
Q

External auditory meatus

A

Large opening that contains the outer ear canal

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13
Q

Internal auditory meatus

A

Opening inside the cranium where the nerve that transmits sound and equilibrium sensory information passes through the skull to the brain

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14
Q

Jugular foramen

A

A large hole that the internal jugular vein passes through as it takes blood away from the brain and back to the heart. When looking at the inferior side of the skull, the jugular foramen is located just lateral of and slightly anterior to the foramen magnum

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15
Q

Occipital

A

Foramen Magnum, occipital condyle

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16
Q

Foramen magnum

A

The largest hole in the inferior side of the skull, which the spinal cord passes through

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17
Q

Occipital condyles

A

Oval knob-like projections on either side of the foramen magnum. These articulate with the first vertebra

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18
Q

Condyle

A

Knuckle

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19
Q

Sphenoid

A

Optic foramina, Sella turcica

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20
Q

Optic foramina

A

Two openings in the posterior portion of the orbit allow the optic nerve to travel from the eye to the brain, If you put two sticks through these holes that will cross

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21
Q

Sella turcica

A

Is Latin for “Turkish saddle.” On the inside of the skull anterior to the foramen magnum is a distinctive rounded depression that looks a bit like a saddle. This is where the small, pea-sized pituitary gland sits. Inferior to the sella turcica are the sphenoidal sinuses.

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22
Q

Ethmoid

A

Crista galli, cribriform plate, olfactory foramina, perpendicular plate, middle nasal conchae

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23
Q

Crista galli

A

A small, shark-fin-looking structure inside the skull, just anterior to the sella turcica. This term means “cock’s comb” or “rooster’s comb”, and is the site of attachment of the meninges which surround the brain

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24
Q

Cribriform plate

A

A sieve-like structure on either side of the crista galli. The cribriform plate contains many tiny holes called olfactory foramina that allow olfactory nerves for smell to travel from the nasal cavity to the brain

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25
Q

Olfactory foramina

A

Name for the individual holes in the cribriform plate where the axons of the olfactory nerves pass through the ethmoid bone and into the brain

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26
Q

Perpendicular plate

A

A thin, prominent plate of bone that extends inferiorly from the crista galli. Together with the vomer bone, this creates the bony nasal septum that separates the nasal cavity into right and left sides

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27
Q

Middle nasal conchae

A

Curved projections of bone on the lateral walls of each nasal cavity, on either side of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone. The conchae help to swirl inhaled air to warm, moisten, and filter air before it passes into the respiratory tract.

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28
Q

Facial bones

A

Nasal, maxilla, zygomatic, mandible, lacrimal, palatine, inferior nasal conchae, vamer

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29
Q

Nasal

A

Nasal bones form the bridge of the nose

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30
Q

Maxilla

A

The upper jaw bone; contains teeth sockets.

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31
Q

Palatine process

A

A plate of bone that projects posteriorly in the roof of the mouth. Together with the palatine bone, this makes up the bony roof of your mouth. The hard palate.

32
Q

Zygomatic

A

Zygomatic arch

33
Q

Zygomatic arch

A

The zygomatic process of the zygomatic bone makes up the anterior part of the zygomatic arch of the cheek. Extends posteriorly where it will articulate with the temporal bone.

34
Q

Lacrimal

A

Lacrimal fossa

35
Q

Lacrimal fossa

A

Depression that leads to an opening to the nasolacrimal duct where tears drain from the eye orbits into the nasal cavities

36
Q

Palatine

A

Palatine bone is posterior to the palatine process of the maxilla in the hard palate

37
Q

Inferior nasal concha

A

Curved projections of bone on the lateral walls of each nasal cavity, inferior to the middle nasal conchae and lateral to the vomer

38
Q

Vomer

A

Forms the inferior part of the bony nasal septum

39
Q

Fontanels

A

soft spots on a baby’s skull. They allow for brain growth, facilitate passage through the birth canal, and assist with monitoring health. Once ossified, the fontanels become suture lines, which are bony junctions between the skull bones.

40
Q

Coronal sutures

A

Between the frontal bone and the parietal bones, in the frontal or coronal plane

41
Q

Sagittal sutures

A

Between the parietal bones on the superior side of the skull, in the sagittal plane

42
Q

What bones form the eye orbits?

A

Frontal bone, zygomatic bone, maxilla, lacrimal bone, ethmoid bone, sphenoid bone

43
Q

Superior orbital fissures

A
44
Q

Inferior orbital fissures

A
45
Q

Hyoid

A

U-shaped bone in the neck at the jawline

46
Q

Common vertebral features

A

Body, vertebral arch, vertebral foramen, intervertebral foramen, intervertebral discs, spinous process, transverse process

47
Q

Body

A

Main weight-supporting mass of the vertebral bone, filled with spongy bone

48
Q

Vertebral arch

A

Posterior extension from the body

49
Q

Vertebral foramen

A

Opening between the body and the vertebral arch. This is where the spinal cord passes through

50
Q

Intervertebral foramen

A

These are lateral openings formed between two adjacent vertebrae where spinal nerves will exit the spinal column

51
Q

Spinous process

A

Projects posteriorly from the vertebral arch, in the medial region of the arch. These are the “bumps” you might see when you look at someone’s spinal column

52
Q

Transverse process

A

These project laterally from the vertebral arch. In the thoracic region, these articulate with ribs

53
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

Atlas, axis, bifid spinous processes, transverse foramina

54
Q

Atlas (C1)

A

C1 supports the skull like the god Atlas supported the earth, hence the name. The large superior articular process of the atlas articulates with occipital condyles of occipital bone of the skull. This articulation allows you to nod yes

55
Q

Axis (C2)

A

Projection from the body of the vertebrae that fits through the vertebral foramen C1. Allows the atlas to rotate on its axis when you shake your head “no”

56
Q

Bifid spinous processes

A

The spinous processes generally split into two small projections

57
Q

Transverse foramina

A

Holes in the transverse processes lateral to the larger vertebral foramen; transverse foramina contain vertebral blood vessels to the brain

58
Q

Thoracic

A

Typical vertebral structure; located posterior to the thoracic cavity

59
Q

Lumbar

A

Large, thick vertebrae in the lumbar region of the back

60
Q

Sacrum

A

Composite bone made of fused vertebrae between the hip bones; articulates with hips at the sacroiliac joint

61
Q

Coccyx

A

Tail bone

62
Q

Thorax

A

Sternum and ribs

63
Q

Sternum

A

Manubrium, clavicular notch, suprasternal notch, sternal angle, body, xiphoid process

64
Q

Manubrium

A

Superior portion of the sternum where the clavicles and first ribs articulate. Somewhat diamond shaped.

65
Q

Clavicular notch

A

Depressions in manubrium where clavicles articulate with the sternum

66
Q

Suprasternal notch

A

depression on the superior edge of the manubrium between the clavicular notches. You can feel this notch at the top of your breastbone - this serves as an anatomical landmark

67
Q

Sternal angle

A

The location where the manubrium fuses with the body of the sternum, and where the second pair of ribs attach. Feels like a slight bump in the sternum

68
Q

Xiphoid process

A

Cartilaginous extension of the inferior portion of the body of the sternum. It may become bony with age or broken off during CPR.

69
Q

Ribs

A

True ribs, false ribs, head, facets, costal cartilage, intercostal space

70
Q

True ribs

A

Ribs 1-7, articulate directly with the sternum

71
Q

False ribs

A

Ribs 8-12, ribs 8-10 do not articulate directly with the sternum, instead their costal cartilages fuse together and joins the cartilage of rib 7 before connecting with the sternum

72
Q

Floating

A

Ribs 11-12 do not attach to the sternum

73
Q

Head

A

End of the rib that articulates with the body of the thoracic vertebrae. Narrows at the neck

74
Q

Facets

A

Smooth surfaces that articulate with facets and demi facets of vertebrae; covered in hyaline cartilage

75
Q

Costal carilage

A

Bars of hyaline cartilage that extend from the ribs to the sternum. These are examples of cartilaginous jointsI

76
Q

intercostal space

A

Space between ribs where intercostal muscles involved in breathing movements are located

Anatomy (20 decks)

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