Cell Division Flashcards
Somatic cell division
for tissue growth and repair
Reproductive cell division
to produce gametes
Gametes
egg and sperm cells
Somatic cells
divide into mitosis and cytokinesis to reproduce themselves for tissue growth and repair
Germ cells
include cells in the testes and ovaries that divide to become gametes
Mitosis
refers to the separation of chromosomes
Cytokinesis
refers to the division of the entire cell
Reproductive cell division
produces gametes and consists of meiosis and cytokinesis
Takes place in the testes and ovaries
meiosis
Somatic stem cells
divide by mitosis and cytokinesis to produce smooth muscle, epithelial, nerve cells, and other cells in the body
In the testes, divide by meiosis and cytokinesis to produce sperm cells
germ cells
Grow tissues and replace dead cells and take place during wound repair
Mitosis and cytokinesis
The cell cycle
interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis
Interphase
a phase of growth and preparation for mitosis and cytokinesis
G1
The cell grows in size
S
the cell makes copies of DNA (DNA replication)
G2
The cell grows in size some more
G0
a resting stage for cells
Chromatin
cannot be seen individually under a microscope, but condense into visible chromosomes
Genetic code
A, T, G, and C (Adenine’s, Thymine’s, Guanine’s, Cytosine’s) Dictates the amino acid sequence of proteins
S phase
DNA is replicated in preparation for cell division
Centromere
are what hold sister chromatid’s together
Sister chromatid
when a chromosome is replicated
Mitosis four main phases
PMAT (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase)
Prophase
chromatin DNA coils up and condenses into visible chromosomes
Metaphase
Mitotic spindle fibers from both sides of the cell line up in the middle
Anaphase
mitotic spindle fibers contract and pull chromosomes apart to form chromatids
Telophase
Cytokinesis takes place in this phase, forming new cells
How many chromosomes do humans have
46
