Exam 4 Flashcards
Joint
The location in a skeleton where 2 bones come together
Fibrous joints
Bones held together by dense irregular connective tissue. Have no joint space, and little or no movement.
Cartilaginous joints
Bones held together by cartilage
Synovial joints
Joint that contains a synovial cavity
Sutures
Occur between bones of the skull. Immovable or slightly moveable joints.
Interosseous membranes
Between the tibia and fibula of the leg and between the ulna and radius in the arm. Some movement is allowed. Dense irregular connective tissue, allows supination and pronation in the ulna and radius
Gomphosis
The joint in which the tooth fits into a socket, an immovable joint
Periodontal ligament
The dense irregular connective tissue that holds the tooth in the socket
Cartilaginous joint
Tightly connected by car cartilage. No joint space between the bones in these joints. Allows some movement or no movement.
Costal cartilage
Between the true ribs and the sternum (some movement)
Symphysis joint
Disc of fibrocartilage, connect the bones. Slightly moveable joints
Intervertebral joints
Between the vertebrae contain fibrocartilage intervertebral discs (somewhat moveable)
Synovial cavity
Contain a space between bones. Allows for the joint to move freely
Articulate cartilage
Covers the ends of the articulating joints
Ligaments
Hold bones together at synovial joints. Are usually made of dense regular connective tissue
articulate capsule
A sleeve like capsule that encloses the synovial cavity and is composed of two layers
Fibrous membrane
Outer membrane made of dense irregular connective tissue that fuses with the periosteum of the bones
Synovial membrane
An inner membrane that contains dense irregular connective tissue with elastic fibers and some adipose tissue
Synovial fluid
Secreted by the synovial membrane. Consists of hyaluronic acid. Lubricates the joint and prevents friction. Absorbs shocks during movement.
Hinge joints
Produce an opening and closing motion like that of a hinged door.
Pivot joints
Surface of one bone articulates with a ring-shaped part of another bone
Ball-and-socket joints
A ball-like head of one bone fits into a cup-like depression of another bone. Allow for a large variety of movements
Tempromandibular joint
Hinge joint formed by the consumer process of the mandible and the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone. Only moveable joint between skull bones
Articular discs
Pads of fibrocartilage that lie between articulating surfaces of the bones in some synovial joints.
Shoulder joint
A ball-and-socket joint is formed by the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity. Shallow
Bursae
Sac-like structures that contain fluid similar to synovial fluid.
Elbow joint
Hinge joint formed by the humerus, ulna, and the radius
Hip joints
Deep ball-and-socket joint formed by the head of the femur and the acetabulum of the hip bone.
Knee joint
A hinge joint formed by the lateral and medial consoles of the femur.
Flexion
Decreasing the angle between articulating bones
Extension
Increasing the angle between articulating bones
Hyperextension
Continuation of extension beyond the anatomical position
Lateral flexion
Movement of the trunk sideways to the right or left at the waist
Abduction
A movement of a bone away from the midline
Adduction
A movement of a bone toward the midline
Elevation
Upward movements of body parts
Depression
Downward movement of a part of the body
Protraction
A movement of a part of the body anteriorly thrusting the mandible forward
Retraction
Movement of a protracted part of the body back to the normal anatomical position
Supination
Movement of the forearm so that the palm turned upward
Pronation
Movement of the forearm so that the palm is turned facing down
Supinated position
The radius and ulna are parallel to each other
Pronated position
The radius over the ulna
Inversion
The movement of the sole of the feet, so that you are standing on the outer edge of the foot
Eversion
The movement of the sole of the foot, so the sole of the foot points to the outside
Doesuflexion
The bending of the goot at the ankle in an upward direction
Planter flexion
The bending of the foot downward
