appendicular skeleton Flashcards
Clavicle
Collar bone
Pectoral Girdle
Clavicle and Scapula
Scapula
Shoulder blade
Spine
posterior ridge of bone that separates the supraspinous fossa and the infraspinous fossa. Extends medially from the acromion and can be felt on the posterior scapula.
Acromion
Large, flat projection extending laterally from the spine of the scapula. The acromion is located over the shoulder joint and can be felt at the top of the shoulder.
Coracoid process
A hook-shaped anterior lateral projection that the bicep brachii muscle tendon attaches to. Can be felt at the top of the shoulder, inferior and anterior to the acromion.
Glenoid cavity
Shallow depression on the lateral side of the scapula where the head of the humerus articulates to form the shoulder joint
Subscapular fossa
Depression on the anterior side of the scapula where the muscles of the shoulder joint are attached. This side faces the ribs and follows the curvature of the ribcage.
Supraspinous fossa
Depression on the posterior side, above the spine
infraspinous fossa
Depression on the posterior side, below the spine. Much larger than the supraspinous fossa.
Upper extremity
Humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges
Head of the humerus
The rounded region on the superior, proximal side of the epiphysis articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the shoulder joint.
Greater tubercle
Larger bump of bone located on the superior lateral proximal epiphysis, near the head. Separated from the lesser tubercle by the intertubercular sulcus/groove.
Tubercle
little swelling
Lesser tubercle
Smaller bump of bone located on the superior medial proximal epiphysis, near the head. Separated from the greater tubercle by the intertubercular sulcus/groove
Anatomical neck
Narrow groove surrounding the head of the humerus. This is where the epiphyseal growth plate is located with a child’s proximal humerus
Surgical neck
Where the metaphysis narrows to the diaphysis of the humerus. This is a weak point in the humerus and where it is most likely to break, hence the name
Capitulum
Rounded, dome-like structure on the anterior lateral side of the distal epiphysis, where the head of the radius bone articulates
Trochlea
On the distal epiphysis, medial to the capitulum. The trochlea articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna bone
Olecranon fossa
Depression on the posterior side of the distal epiphysis, where the olecranon of the ulna fits when the elbow is extended
Fossa
shallow depression
Medial epicondyle
Larger bump of bone on the distal end, above the trochlea. It is a site of tendons and ligament attachment. Epicondyle “upon or over the joint” The medial epicondyle can be felt as a big bump on the inside of your elbow joint, medial to the olecranon of the ulna
Lateral epicondyle
Small bump of bone on the distal end, above the capitulum. It is the site of tendon and ligament attachment. It can be felt as a bump on the lateral side of the elbow joint
Ulna
Olecranon, trochlear notch, radial notch, styloid process
Olecranon
On the proximal epiphysis of the ulna, it is the superior posterior region that forms the elbow and fits into the olecranon fossa of the humerus
trochlear notch
The large u-shaped depression that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus at the elbow joint