Exam 2 Flashcards
Tissue
A community of cells surrounded by tissue fluid and other materials
Histology
The scientific study of tissues
Pathologists
Medical doctors who specialize in the causes and effects of disease and injury and use laboratory study of cells and tissues from biopsies from medical diagnosis
Epithelial tissue
Covers the body surfaces and organs; lines hollow structures; forms glands
Connective tissue
Protects, supports, and binds organs together
Muscle tissue
Responsible for movement
Nervous tissue
Senses change inside and outside the body and respond by generating nerve impulses that control movement and other processes
Skeletal muscle tissue
A voluntary muscle that moves the body; important in facial expression, maintaining posture and speech, and breathing movements
Cardiac muscle tissue
An involuntary muscle found in the heart wall; contracts to create the heartbeat and pump blood through the blood vessels
Smooth muscle tissue
An involuntary muscle; constricts and dilates blood vessels and airways and creates movement in digestive, urinary, and other hollow organs
Nervous tissue
Makes up your brain, spinal cord, and nerves it contains nerve cells called neurons that generate electrical nerve impulses to sense and respond to stimuli, and to control muscle contractions and other processes.
Covering and lining epithelium
Forms the outer covering of the skin and many internal organs, Lines inside walls of body cavities, hollow organs, blood vessels, and ducts of glands
Glandular epithelium
Forms the secretory portion of the glands
What are the major functions of epithelial tissues?
Selective barrier that regulates the movement of materials in and out of the body, protection against abrasion and bacterial invasion, gas exchange, absorption, filtration, and secretion of substances onto a body surface into an organ or into a duct of a gland
Epithelial tissue
Consists of cells arranged in continuous sheets, in either a single layer of cells or multiple layers of cells, closely packed together
Interstitial fluid
in epithelial tissue, it’s in the space that surrounds the cells
Apical surface
Faces the outside of the body, or faces the inside of a body cavity or the lumen of an organ, blood vessel, or duct
Lateral surfaces
Faces adjacent cells contain cell junctions that hold cells together
Basal surface
Located at the bottom of the epithelial tissue attached to the basement membrane
Where does the epithelium sit
A foundation of connective tissue
Basement membrane
A thin extracellular protein layer that attaches the epithelium to the underlying connective tissue
Cell junctions
The contact point between the plasma membranes of cells within a tissue made of proteins or glycoproteins
Capillaries
Tiny blood vessels in the underlying vascular connective tissue
How are epitheliums classified?
The number of cell layers and the shape of the cell
Simple epithelium
A single layer of cells that function in diffusion, osmosis, filtration, secretion, or absorption
Stratified epithelium
Two or more layers of cells that protect underlying tissues in areas of physical or chemical abrasion
Squamous cells
Thin, nearly flat cells, arranged like floor tiles; flattened disk-shaped nucleus; allow for rapid passage of substances - diffusion, gas exchange, filtration
Cuboidal cells
As tall as they are wide, shaped like cubes, spherical nucleus
Columnar cells
Much taller than they are wide, like columns; may have cilia or microvilli on the apical surface
Secretion
The production and release of a useful substance by the cell
Absorption
The uptake of useful substances by a cell
Filtration
The movement of a fluid through a filter to produce a filtrate
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Found in tubules of the kidneys and ducts of the pancreas functions in secretion and absorption; used for re-absorption of water salts and nutrients from filtrate in the tubules of the kidneys
Ciliated simple columnar epithelium
In the fallopian tubes
Cilia
Helps move the ovulated egg toward the uterus
Goblet cells
Produce mucus which keeps the epithelium and the egg moist
Non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium
No cilia on the apical surface - but there are microvilli on the apical surface that increase surface area for the absorption of nutrients in the small intestines
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
It appears to have several layers due to nuclei at various depths - but it is only a single layer of epithelial cells
Stratified epithelium
consists of two or more layers of epithelial cells
