Skeletal System Flashcards by claire perez

what are the internal framework of human body

bones
cartilage
ligaments
joints

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what are the functions of the skeletal system (PBBSS)

protection
support
storage of minerals and fats
body movement
blood cell production

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what are the 4 types of bone shape

long bone
flat bone
short bone
irregular bone

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what is the shape of the long bone

they are usually long than they are wide

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what is the shape of the flat bone

relatively thin
flattened shape
usually curved

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what is the shape of the short bone

round or cubed shape

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what is the shape of the irregular bone

it does not fit in readily into the other 3 categories

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identify the bone shape:
longer than they are wide

long bone

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identify the bone shape:
relatively thin
flattened shape
usually curved

flat bone

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identify the bone shape:
round or nearly cubed shape

short bone

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identify the bone shape:
shapes that dont fit readily into other 3 categories

irregular bone

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long bones can be found in

upper and lower limbs

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flat bones can be found in

skull
ribs
sternum (breastbone)
scapula (shoulder blade)

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where can short bones found in

carpal (wrist)
tarsal (ankle)

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where can irregular bones found in

vertebra
facial bones

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what types of bone are found in upper and lower limb

long bone

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what types of bone are found in
skull bones
ribs
breastbone (sternum)
shoulder blade (scapule)

flat bone

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what types of bone are found in
wrist (carpal)
ankle (tarsal)

short bone

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what types of bone are found in
vertebra
facial bones

irregular bone

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what is compact bone

outer layer of the bone
that is very dense and smooth

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what is the outer layer of bone, very dense and smooth

compact bone

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which bone appears to be porous

spongy bone

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why do spongy bone appears to be porous

as they are arranged in trabeculae

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what are honeycomb like of little needles

trabeculae

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classification of bone:
what type of bone that has more matrix and less space

compact bone

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classification of bone:
what type of bone that has less matrix and more space

spongy bone

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what is a bone building cell

osteoblast

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osteoblast secretes

bone matrix

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which cells in the trabecula secretes bone matrix

osteoblast

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what is bone matrix

it provides the nutrients necessary for bone growth

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where do active mitosis occur in the trabecula

osteoblast

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osteoclast secretes

enzyme

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what is the function of enzyme being secreted in the osteoclasts

it breaks down the bone

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which cells in the trabecula is the mature bone cell

osteocytes

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which cells in the trabecula monitors and maintain the bone matrix

osteocytes

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which cells in the trabecula can communicate information to other cells

osteocytes

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what are your osteogenic cells

the cells found in trabecula

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trabecula can be found in

periosteum and endosteum

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what can actively divide in the trabeculae

stem cells

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the compact bone comprise of…

osteon

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what are repeating cylindrical units with open canal at the center

osteon

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what is made up with lamellae

osteon

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what surrounds all osteon and is the circumference of the diaphysis

circumferential lamellae

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circumferential lamellae surrounds all…

osteon

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circumferential lamellae is the circumference of…

the diaphysis

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what is filled in the spaces between the osteon

interstitial fluid

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what are hollow tubes arranged like rings of tree trunk

lamellae

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what are the extra tiny canals connecting lacunae

canaliculi

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lacunae is filled with

osteocytes

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what contains the blood vessels and fibers that serves the cells in the osteon

central canal

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the central opening contains…

blood vessels and fibers that serves the cell in the osteon

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what is the singular of trabeculae

trabecula

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osteocytes monitors and maintain

bone matrix

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what are the 2 functions of osteocytes

maintain and monitor the bone matrix
communicate info to other cells

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what are the osteogenic cells in the trabeculae

osteoblast
osteocytes
osteoclasts

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what is interstitial fluid

filled in the spaces between the osteon

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gross anatomy of the bone:
diaphysis

shaft of the bone
contains medullar cavity (red and yellow bone marrow)

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gross anatomy of the bone:
shaft of the bone

diaphysis

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gross anatomy of the bone:
part of the bone that develops from a center of ossification from diaphysis

epiphysis

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gross anatomy of the bone:
double layered of the bone (the outer surface of the bone except where articular cartilage is present)

periosteum

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gross anatomy of the bone:
periosteum is the attachment site of

tendons and ligaments

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gross anatomy of the bone:
periosteum contains… that supply the bone

blood vessels and nerves

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gross anatomy of the bone:
bone growth in periosteum is in

diameter

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gross anatomy of the bone:
thin CT membrane lining the inner cavities of bones

endosteum

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gross anatomy of the bone:
thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering a bone where it forms a joint with another bone

articular cartilage

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gross anatomy of the bone:
articular cartilage has a thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering a bone where it forms

a joint with another bone

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gross anatomy of the bone:
it is the area of hyaline cartilage between diaphysis and epiphysis

epiphyseal plate

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gross anatomy of the bone:
epiphyseal plate is the area of hyaline cartilage between

diaphysis and epiphysis

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gross anatomy of the bone:
in epiphyseal plate, what results in growth of bone length

endochondral ossification

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gross anatomy of the bone:
what type of bone can found mainly in epiphysis

spongy bone

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gross anatomy of the bone:
what type of bone is dense bone with few internal space organized into osteons

compact bone

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gross anatomy of the bone:
what type of bone form the diaphysis

compact bone

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gross anatomy of the bone:
what covers the spongy bone of epiphysis

compact bone

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gross anatomy of the bone:
what is the site of the blood cells production

red bone marrow

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gross anatomy of the bone:
what is the fat storage within medullary cavity/ in spaces of spongy bone

yellow bone marrow

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axial skeleton consist of

skull
vertebral column
ribcage
other associated bones

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appendicular skeleton consist of

upper limbs
lower limbs
pectoral gridle
pelvic gridle

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division of skeletal system:
what is the function of the skull

protects and support the brain

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division of skeletal system:
what is the function of the vertebral column

protects and supports the spine

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division of skeletal system:
what is the function of the rib cage

protects the vital organ housed within the thorax

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division of skeletal system:
what is an example of associated bone

auditory ossicles
hyoid bones

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division of skeletal system:
what is the function of the upper limbs

grasp and manipulate objects

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division of skeletal system:
what is the function of the lower limbs

permits movement

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division of skeletal system:
what is the function of the pectoral gridle

attach upper limb to the body

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division of skeletal system:
what is the function of the pelvic gridle

attach lower limb to the body

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division of skeletal system:
what protects and support the brain

skull

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division of skeletal system:
what protect and support the spine

vertebral column

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division of skeletal system:
what protects the vital organs housed within the thorax

ribcage

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division of skeletal system:
what grasp and manipulate the objects

upper limbs

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division of skeletal system:
what permits the movement

lower limbs

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division of skeletal system:
what is attached to the upper limb of the body

pectoral girdle

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division of skeletal system:
what is attached to the lower limb of the body

pelvic girdle

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what is the total no. of bones in the body

206

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how many bones in axial and appendicular skeleton

axial - 80
appendicular - 126

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how many bones are there in the skull

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how many bones are there in the associated bones

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how many bones are there in the vertebral column

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how many bones are there in the rib cage

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how many bones are there in the gridle and upper limb bone

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how many bones are there in the gridle and lower limb

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it contains the medullary cavity

diaphysis

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medullar cavity consists of

red and yellow bone marrow

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red bone marrow can be found in the…

spongy bone in an adult

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what kind of tissues can be found in the yellow bone marrow

adipose tissues

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what type of bone marrow that creates new red and white blood celll

red bone marrow

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what is the layer that covers the outer part of the bone

periosteum

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what covers the medullary cavity

endosteum

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what surrounds the epiphysis

articular cartilage

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articular cartilage is composed of ….

hyaline cartilage

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what is the outer surface of bone except where articular cartilage is present

periosteum

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what is the function of articular cartilage in the bone

cushion and stress absorption

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the medullar cavity is surrounded by

compact bone

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medullar cavity contains red blood marrow in…
and yellow bone marrow in…

juveniles
adults

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what is the remnant of epiphyseal plate (in young)

epiphyseal lines (in adults)

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epiphyseal lines is the remnant of

epiphyseal plate

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what is the function of hyaline cartilage

it covers surfaces involved with joints

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what covers the surface involved with joints

hyaline cartilage

anatomical term for bone features:
what is the main part

body

anatomical term for bone features:
what is the enlarged, often round

head

anatomical term for bone features:
what is the constriction between the head and the body

neck

anatomical term for bone features:
what is the edge

margin

anatomical term for bone features:
what is the bend

angle

anatomical term for bone features:
what is the branch off the body beyond the angle

ramus

anatomical term for bone features:
what is the smooth, rounded articular surface

condyle

anatomical term for bone features:
what is the small, flattened articular surface

facet

anatomical term for bone features (ridge):
what is low ridge

line

anatomical term for bone features (ridge):
what is the prominent ridge

crest

anatomical term for bone features (ridge):
what is the very high ridge

spine

anatomical term for bone features (projections):
prominent projections

process

anatomical term for bone features (projections):
small, rounded bump

tubercle

anatomical term for bone features (projections):
knob, larger than tubercle

tuberosity

anatomical term for bone features (projections):
tuberosity on the proximal femur

trochanter

anatomical term for bone features (projections):
upon condyle

epicondyle

anatomical term for bone features (projections):
flat, tongue shaped process

lingula

anatomical term for bone features (projections):
hook-shaped process

hamulus

anatomical term for bone features (projections):
horn-shaped process

cornu

anatomical term for bone features (opening):
hole

foramen

anatomical term for bone features (opening):
tunnel

canal
meatus

anatomical term for bone features (opening):
cleft

fissure

anatomical term for bone features (opening):
cavity

labyrinth
sinus

anatomical term for bone features (depression):
general term for depression

fossa

anatomical term for bone features (depression):
depression in the margin of the bone

notch

anatomical term for bone features (depression):
little pit

fovea

anatomical term for bone features (depression):
deep, narrow depression

groove
ulcus

what are the 2 types of bones in the skull

cranial bones
facial bones

how many cranial bones are there

how many facial bones are there

enumerate the cranial bones (fluffy puppies on every third street)

frontal
parietal
occipital
ethmoid
temporal
sphenoid

which bones in the cranial bone consist of a pair/ 2

parietal
temporal

which bones in the facial bone consist only one

mandible
vomer

enumerate the facial bones (my mouth’s palate never liked zucchini in vingar )

mandible
maxilla
palatine
nasal
lacrimal
zygomatic
inferior nasal concha
vomer

what are the 3 type of sutures

coronal sutures
sagittal sutures
lambdoid sutures

what are sutures

serrated lines
not movable bone
joints that holds cranial bone tgt

coronal sutures hold what cranial bone tgt

frontal and both parietal bone tgt

sagittal sutures hold what cranial bone tgt

both parietal bone tgt

lambdoid sutures hold what cranial bone tgt

both parietal bone tgt and occipital bone

what is the function of the cranial bone

protects the brain

what is the function of the facial bones

gives structures to the face

the skull bones contain what type of bones

mainly flat bones

what bones are not fused yet in the fetal skull

frontal bone

what is the membranous membrane in the sutures

frontanel

what is frontanel

membranous membrane in sutures

the vertebral column consists of how many bones and what type are they

26 irregular bones

vertebral column consists of how many sections

what are the functions of the vertebral column (Px3 AS)

protects the spinal chord
permits body movement of body and trunk
provide muscle attachment
allows spinal nerve to exit the spinal chord
support the body from hand and trunk

what are the 5 sections of the vertebral column

cervical region
thoracic region
lumbar region
sacrum
coccyx

what is C1

atlas

what is C2

axis

how many cervical bone are there

how many thoracic bone are there

how many lumbar bone are there

how many sacrum bone are there

5 fused into 1

how many coccyx bone are there

5 few tiny vertebra fused into 1

sacrum and coccyx is in what region

sacral and coccygeal regions

it is a fibrocartilage and it is an adjacent vertebrae

intervertebral disc

what are the 2 parts of the vertebral column

body
vertebral arch

vertebral arch is formed by

project process

what are the 4 project process (STIF)

spinous process
transverse process
interior articular process
facet of superior articular process

which vertebrae does not have a body

cervical vertebrae

what are the function of the cervical vertebrae

holds the head
articulates with the occipital condyle @ the base of the skull

what is the function of C2 (axis)

produce the “no motion”

what are the difference between the C1 and C2

c2 has the bifid spinous process whereas c1 does not
superior articular facet is large in C1 but small in C2

identify the vertebral column:
short spinous process
large vertebral foramen

cervical vertebrae

identify the vertebral column:
spinous process
long and points downwards

thoracic vertebrae

identify the vertebral column:
short and thick pedicles and lamina

lumbar vertebrae

what are the 3 parts if the thoracic cage

sternum
ribs
coastal cartilage

how many rib bones are there

total of 12

what are the 3 parts of the sternum bone

manubrium
body
xiphoid process

how many rib bones are there in true ribs

how many rib bones are there in false ribs

5 that consists (8-12)

what are your 11th and 12th ribs

they are floating ribs

what type of ribs that are directly attached to coastal cartilage

true ribs

what type of ribs that are directly attached to coastal cartilage

false ribs

what type of ribs that are not directly attached to the sternum

11 and 12

8th, 9th and 10th ribs share…

coastal cartilage

upper extremities comprise of

upper limns and pectoral gridle

pectoral gridle consist of

clavicle
scapula

what is the bone name of an arm

humerus

pectoral gridle is aka

shoulder blade

what are the 2 bones in forearm

ulna
radius

how do you differentiate your ulna and radius bone

the ulna is located on the pinky side and the radius on your thumb side

upper limbs consists of

humerus
ulna
radius
carpal
metacarpal
phalanges

3 types of bones in hands

carpal
metacarpal
phalanges

what are the 3 boarders of scapula

superior boarder
medial boarder
lateral boarder

the medial boarder is at the

vertebral

the lateral boarder is at the

axillary (armpit)

what are the 2 CT membrane found at the periosteum

dense CT membrane
outer fibrous layer: comprise of dense irregular CT

which bone in your forearm is longer and which is thicker

longer - ulna
thicker - radius

epicondyle and condyle
smooth:
rough:

smooth: condyle
rough: epicondyle

epicondyle or condyle:
forms an articulation with joints

condyle

epicondyle or condyle:
provide site for attachment of muscles

epicondyle

what are the 3 boarders of the scapula

superior boarder
medial boarder (vertebra)
lateral boarder (axillary)

what type of scapula boarder is at the axillary

lateral boarder

what type of scapula boarder is at the vertebra

medial boarder

what is the acromion process protects…

protects the shoulder joint

what is the attachment site of the acromion process

clavicle

what is the attachment point of acromion process

shoulder muscles

what process in your scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus

glenoid process

glenoid process is where it articulates with…

the head of the humerus

what type of bone is humerus

long bone

what is the attachment site of deltoid muscles in humerus

deltoid tuberosity

it articulates with the radius

capitulum

it articulates with ulna

trochlea

it is the attachment site for the forearm muscles

medial and lateral epicondyle

ulna and radius is interconnected by

interosseous membrane

what is your flexible ligament in your forearm

interosseous membrane

capitulum

it articulates with the radius

medial and lateral epicondyle in the forearm

it is the attachment site for the forearm muscles

trochlea

it articulates with the ulna

which bone is slightly longer in your forearm

ulna

ulna has the presence of… (C shaped)

trochlear notch

which bone is wider than your ulna

radius

what is the attachment site for ligaments of wrists

styloid process

what are the 2 process present in the ulna

olecranon process
coronoid process

what are your carpal bones

hamate
capitate
trapezoid
trapezium
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform

how many metacarpal bones in a hand

what are the 3 phalanges in our fingers

proximal
middle
distal

which finger has only 2 phalanges and what are they

thumb
proximal and distal

number your metacarpal bones

1 is on the thumb
5 is on the pinky

lower extremities consists of

lower limb
pelvic girdle

it is the less mobility bone

pelvis girdle

it attaches the lower limb to your trunk

pelvis girdle

what are the 3 bones in the pelvis girdle

2 hip bone (coxal) + 1 sacrum

what are the regions of coxal bone

ilium
ischium
pubis

ilium
ischium
pubis
these are your region of what bone

coxal bone

the functions of pelvis girdle (SAP)

support the weight
attach lower limbs
protect internal organs

it articulates with your femur in pelvis girdle

acetabulum

what is acetabulum in your coxal bone

articulates with femur

what type of bone is patella

sesamoid bone

where is patella located at

in front of the joint between the femur and tibia

it is a large sesamoid bone which is located Infront of the joint between femur and tibia

patella

what are the functions of the patella (PIM)

protect the kneecap
increase tendon leverage
maintain position of the tendon when flex

it is the muscle attachment in thigh part

adductor tubercle

ligament attachment in femur

medial and lateral epicondyle

it is the attachment site of gluteus maximus

gluteal tuberosity

responsible with the articulation with tibia

condyles

what is the largest bone

femur

what is the head of the femur called

fovea capitis

in femur, what is in between the greater and lesser trochanter

intertrochanteric crest

what is intertrochanteric crest located at

in between the greater and lesser trochanter

what is gluteal tuberosity

attachment site for gluteus maximus

what are the 2 bones found in the leg

fibula
tibia

which bone in your thigh is thinner and which is larger

thinner - fibula
larger- tibia

medial condyle in the bones of leg articulates with…

femur

it is the attachment site of quadriceps femoris group

tibial tuberosity

it is the medial site of ankle joint

medial malleolus

it is the ridge between the articular surfaces of proximal tibia

intercondylar eminence

what is the strongest and largest bone of the foot

calcaneus

what are the 7 tarsal bones

calcaneus
talus
cuboid
navicular
medial cuneiform
intermediate cuneiform
lateral cuneiform

what is your heel bone

calcaneus

what is your ankle bone

talus

it is the attachment site of large calf muscle

calcaneus

calcaneus is the attachment site of

large calf muscles

what are your big toes called

hallux

which toes has only 2 phalanges

hallux

the digits have how many phalanges

3
proximal phalanges
medial phalanges
distal phalanges

how many metatarsal bones are there

number your metatarsal bones

1 at the hallux
5 at the smallest

what are the 3 arch in the foot (MTL)

medial longitudinal arch
transverse arch
lateral longitudinal arch

what is the function of the arches in the foot

to distribute the weight of the body

what are the 3 pathophysiology

rickets
osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis

which pathophysiology is usually found in kids

rickets

identify the pathophysiology:
softening and weakening of bones

rickets

identify the pathophysiology:
cartilage breakdown

osteoarthritis

identify the pathophysiology:
wear and tear of arthritis

osteoarthritis

identify the pathophysiology:
an autoimmune disease

rheumatoid arthritis

identify the pathophysiology:
inflammatory disease

rheumatoid arthritis

identify the pathophysiology:
usually in fingers and hands

rheumatoid arthritis

rickets is the deficiency of vitamin

identify the pathophysiology:
mostly in hands, hips and knees

osteoarthritis

what is the most common pathophysiology

osteoarthritis

Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Skeletal System Flashcards

Brainscape's Knowledge Genome^TM