Skeletal System Flashcards
what are the internal framework of human body
bones
cartilage
ligaments
joints
what are the functions of the skeletal system (PBBSS)
protection
support
storage of minerals and fats
body movement
blood cell production
what are the 4 types of bone shape
long bone
flat bone
short bone
irregular bone
what is the shape of the long bone
they are usually long than they are wide
what is the shape of the flat bone
relatively thin
flattened shape
usually curved
what is the shape of the short bone
round or cubed shape
what is the shape of the irregular bone
it does not fit in readily into the other 3 categories
identify the bone shape:
longer than they are wide
long bone
identify the bone shape:
relatively thin
flattened shape
usually curved
flat bone
identify the bone shape:
round or nearly cubed shape
short bone
identify the bone shape:
shapes that dont fit readily into other 3 categories
irregular bone
long bones can be found in
upper and lower limbs
flat bones can be found in
skull
ribs
sternum (breastbone)
scapula (shoulder blade)
where can short bones found in
carpal (wrist)
tarsal (ankle)
where can irregular bones found in
vertebra
facial bones
what types of bone are found in upper and lower limb
long bone
what types of bone are found in
skull bones
ribs
breastbone (sternum)
shoulder blade (scapule)
flat bone
what types of bone are found in
wrist (carpal)
ankle (tarsal)
short bone
what types of bone are found in
vertebra
facial bones
irregular bone
what is compact bone
outer layer of the bone
that is very dense and smooth
what is the outer layer of bone, very dense and smooth
compact bone
which bone appears to be porous
spongy bone
why do spongy bone appears to be porous
as they are arranged in trabeculae
what are honeycomb like of little needles
trabeculae
classification of bone:
what type of bone that has more matrix and less space
compact bone
classification of bone:
what type of bone that has less matrix and more space
spongy bone
what is a bone building cell
osteoblast
osteoblast secretes
bone matrix
which cells in the trabecula secretes bone matrix
osteoblast
what is bone matrix
it provides the nutrients necessary for bone growth
where do active mitosis occur in the trabecula
osteoblast
osteoclast secretes
enzyme
what is the function of enzyme being secreted in the osteoclasts
it breaks down the bone
which cells in the trabecula is the mature bone cell
osteocytes
which cells in the trabecula monitors and maintain the bone matrix
osteocytes
which cells in the trabecula can communicate information to other cells
osteocytes
what are your osteogenic cells
the cells found in trabecula
trabecula can be found in
periosteum and endosteum
what can actively divide in the trabeculae
stem cells
the compact bone comprise of…
osteon
what are repeating cylindrical units with open canal at the center
osteon
what is made up with lamellae
osteon
what surrounds all osteon and is the circumference of the diaphysis
circumferential lamellae
circumferential lamellae surrounds all…
osteon
circumferential lamellae is the circumference of…
the diaphysis
what is filled in the spaces between the osteon
interstitial fluid
what are hollow tubes arranged like rings of tree trunk
lamellae
what are the extra tiny canals connecting lacunae
canaliculi
lacunae is filled with
osteocytes
what contains the blood vessels and fibers that serves the cells in the osteon
central canal
the central opening contains…
blood vessels and fibers that serves the cell in the osteon
what is the singular of trabeculae
trabecula
osteocytes monitors and maintain
bone matrix
what are the 2 functions of osteocytes
- maintain and monitor the bone matrix
- communicate info to other cells
what are the osteogenic cells in the trabeculae
osteoblast
osteocytes
osteoclasts
what is interstitial fluid
filled in the spaces between the osteon
gross anatomy of the bone:
diaphysis
shaft of the bone
contains medullar cavity (red and yellow bone marrow)
gross anatomy of the bone:
shaft of the bone
diaphysis
gross anatomy of the bone:
part of the bone that develops from a center of ossification from diaphysis
epiphysis
gross anatomy of the bone:
double layered of the bone (the outer surface of the bone except where articular cartilage is present)
periosteum
gross anatomy of the bone:
periosteum is the attachment site of
tendons and ligaments
gross anatomy of the bone:
periosteum contains… that supply the bone
blood vessels and nerves
gross anatomy of the bone:
bone growth in periosteum is in
diameter
gross anatomy of the bone:
thin CT membrane lining the inner cavities of bones
endosteum
gross anatomy of the bone:
thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering a bone where it forms a joint with another bone
articular cartilage
gross anatomy of the bone:
articular cartilage has a thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering a bone where it forms
a joint with another bone
gross anatomy of the bone:
it is the area of hyaline cartilage between diaphysis and epiphysis
epiphyseal plate
gross anatomy of the bone:
epiphyseal plate is the area of hyaline cartilage between
diaphysis and epiphysis
gross anatomy of the bone:
in epiphyseal plate, what results in growth of bone length
endochondral ossification
gross anatomy of the bone:
what type of bone can found mainly in epiphysis
spongy bone
gross anatomy of the bone:
what type of bone is dense bone with few internal space organized into osteons
compact bone
gross anatomy of the bone:
what type of bone form the diaphysis
compact bone
gross anatomy of the bone:
what covers the spongy bone of epiphysis
compact bone
gross anatomy of the bone:
what is the site of the blood cells production
red bone marrow
gross anatomy of the bone:
what is the fat storage within medullary cavity/ in spaces of spongy bone
yellow bone marrow
axial skeleton consist of
skull
vertebral column
ribcage
other associated bones
appendicular skeleton consist of
upper limbs
lower limbs
pectoral gridle
pelvic gridle
division of skeletal system:
what is the function of the skull
protects and support the brain
division of skeletal system:
what is the function of the vertebral column
protects and supports the spine
division of skeletal system:
what is the function of the rib cage
protects the vital organ housed within the thorax
division of skeletal system:
what is an example of associated bone
auditory ossicles
hyoid bones
division of skeletal system:
what is the function of the upper limbs
grasp and manipulate objects
division of skeletal system:
what is the function of the lower limbs
permits movement
division of skeletal system:
what is the function of the pectoral gridle
attach upper limb to the body
division of skeletal system:
what is the function of the pelvic gridle
attach lower limb to the body
division of skeletal system:
what protects and support the brain
skull
division of skeletal system:
what protect and support the spine
vertebral column
division of skeletal system:
what protects the vital organs housed within the thorax
ribcage
division of skeletal system:
what grasp and manipulate the objects
upper limbs
division of skeletal system:
what permits the movement
lower limbs
division of skeletal system:
what is attached to the upper limb of the body
pectoral girdle
division of skeletal system:
what is attached to the lower limb of the body
pelvic girdle
what is the total no. of bones in the body
206
how many bones in axial and appendicular skeleton
axial - 80
appendicular - 126
how many bones are there in the skull
22
how many bones are there in the associated bones
7
how many bones are there in the vertebral column
26
how many bones are there in the rib cage
25
how many bones are there in the gridle and upper limb bone
64
how many bones are there in the gridle and lower limb
62
it contains the medullary cavity
diaphysis
medullar cavity consists of
red and yellow bone marrow
red bone marrow can be found in the…
spongy bone in an adult
what kind of tissues can be found in the yellow bone marrow
adipose tissues
what type of bone marrow that creates new red and white blood celll
red bone marrow
what is the layer that covers the outer part of the bone
periosteum
what covers the medullary cavity
endosteum
what surrounds the epiphysis
articular cartilage
articular cartilage is composed of ….
hyaline cartilage
what is the outer surface of bone except where articular cartilage is present
periosteum
what is the function of articular cartilage in the bone
cushion and stress absorption
the medullar cavity is surrounded by
compact bone
medullar cavity contains red blood marrow in…
and yellow bone marrow in…
juveniles
adults
what is the remnant of epiphyseal plate (in young)
epiphyseal lines (in adults)
epiphyseal lines is the remnant of
epiphyseal plate
what is the function of hyaline cartilage
it covers surfaces involved with joints
what covers the surface involved with joints
hyaline cartilage
anatomical term for bone features:
what is the main part
body
anatomical term for bone features:
what is the enlarged, often round
head
anatomical term for bone features:
what is the constriction between the head and the body
neck
anatomical term for bone features:
what is the edge
margin
anatomical term for bone features:
what is the bend
angle
anatomical term for bone features:
what is the branch off the body beyond the angle
ramus
anatomical term for bone features:
what is the smooth, rounded articular surface
condyle
anatomical term for bone features:
what is the small, flattened articular surface
facet
anatomical term for bone features (ridge):
what is low ridge
line
anatomical term for bone features (ridge):
what is the prominent ridge
crest
anatomical term for bone features (ridge):
what is the very high ridge
spine
anatomical term for bone features (projections):
prominent projections
process
anatomical term for bone features (projections):
small, rounded bump
tubercle
anatomical term for bone features (projections):
knob, larger than tubercle
tuberosity
anatomical term for bone features (projections):
tuberosity on the proximal femur
trochanter
anatomical term for bone features (projections):
upon condyle
epicondyle
anatomical term for bone features (projections):
flat, tongue shaped process
lingula
anatomical term for bone features (projections):
hook-shaped process
hamulus
anatomical term for bone features (projections):
horn-shaped process
cornu
anatomical term for bone features (opening):
hole
foramen
anatomical term for bone features (opening):
tunnel
canal
meatus
anatomical term for bone features (opening):
cleft
fissure
anatomical term for bone features (opening):
cavity
labyrinth
sinus
anatomical term for bone features (depression):
general term for depression
fossa
anatomical term for bone features (depression):
depression in the margin of the bone
notch
anatomical term for bone features (depression):
little pit
fovea
anatomical term for bone features (depression):
deep, narrow depression
groove
ulcus
what are the 2 types of bones in the skull
cranial bones
facial bones
how many cranial bones are there
8
how many facial bones are there
14
enumerate the cranial bones (fluffy puppies on every third street)
frontal
parietal
occipital
ethmoid
temporal
sphenoid
which bones in the cranial bone consist of a pair/ 2
parietal
temporal
which bones in the facial bone consist only one
mandible
vomer
enumerate the facial bones (my mouth’s palate never liked zucchini in vingar )
mandible
maxilla
palatine
nasal
lacrimal
zygomatic
inferior nasal concha
vomer
what are the 3 type of sutures
coronal sutures
sagittal sutures
lambdoid sutures
what are sutures
serrated lines
not movable bone
joints that holds cranial bone tgt
coronal sutures hold what cranial bone tgt
frontal and both parietal bone tgt
sagittal sutures hold what cranial bone tgt
both parietal bone tgt
lambdoid sutures hold what cranial bone tgt
both parietal bone tgt and occipital bone
what is the function of the cranial bone
protects the brain
what is the function of the facial bones
gives structures to the face
the skull bones contain what type of bones
mainly flat bones
what bones are not fused yet in the fetal skull
frontal bone
what is the membranous membrane in the sutures
frontanel
what is frontanel
membranous membrane in sutures
the vertebral column consists of how many bones and what type are they
26 irregular bones
vertebral column consists of how many sections
5
what are the functions of the vertebral column (Px3 AS)
protects the spinal chord
permits body movement of body and trunk
provide muscle attachment
allows spinal nerve to exit the spinal chord
support the body from hand and trunk
what are the 5 sections of the vertebral column
cervical region
thoracic region
lumbar region
sacrum
coccyx
what is C1
atlas
what is C2
axis
how many cervical bone are there
7
how many thoracic bone are there
12
how many lumbar bone are there
5
how many sacrum bone are there
5 fused into 1
how many coccyx bone are there
5 few tiny vertebra fused into 1
sacrum and coccyx is in what region
sacral and coccygeal regions
it is a fibrocartilage and it is an adjacent vertebrae
intervertebral disc
what are the 2 parts of the vertebral column
body
vertebral arch
vertebral arch is formed by
project process
what are the 4 project process (STIF)
spinous process
transverse process
interior articular process
facet of superior articular process
which vertebrae does not have a body
cervical vertebrae
what are the function of the cervical vertebrae
holds the head
articulates with the occipital condyle @ the base of the skull
what is the function of C2 (axis)
produce the “no motion”
what are the difference between the C1 and C2
c2 has the bifid spinous process whereas c1 does not
superior articular facet is large in C1 but small in C2
identify the vertebral column:
short spinous process
large vertebral foramen
cervical vertebrae
identify the vertebral column:
spinous process
long and points downwards
thoracic vertebrae
identify the vertebral column:
short and thick pedicles and lamina
lumbar vertebrae
what are the 3 parts if the thoracic cage
sternum
ribs
coastal cartilage
how many rib bones are there
total of 12
what are the 3 parts of the sternum bone
manubrium
body
xiphoid process
how many rib bones are there in true ribs
7
how many rib bones are there in false ribs
5 that consists (8-12)
what are your 11th and 12th ribs
they are floating ribs
what type of ribs that are directly attached to coastal cartilage
true ribs
what type of ribs that are directly attached to coastal cartilage
false ribs
what type of ribs that are not directly attached to the sternum
11 and 12
8th, 9th and 10th ribs share…
coastal cartilage
upper extremities comprise of
upper limns and pectoral gridle
pectoral gridle consist of
clavicle
scapula
what is the bone name of an arm
humerus
pectoral gridle is aka
shoulder blade
what are the 2 bones in forearm
ulna
radius
how do you differentiate your ulna and radius bone
the ulna is located on the pinky side and the radius on your thumb side
upper limbs consists of
humerus
ulna
radius
carpal
metacarpal
phalanges
3 types of bones in hands
carpal
metacarpal
phalanges
what are the 3 boarders of scapula
superior boarder
medial boarder
lateral boarder
the medial boarder is at the
vertebral
the lateral boarder is at the
axillary (armpit)
what are the 2 CT membrane found at the periosteum
dense CT membrane
outer fibrous layer: comprise of dense irregular CT
which bone in your forearm is longer and which is thicker
longer - ulna
thicker - radius
epicondyle and condyle
smooth:
rough:
smooth: condyle
rough: epicondyle
epicondyle or condyle:
forms an articulation with joints
condyle
epicondyle or condyle:
provide site for attachment of muscles
epicondyle
what are the 3 boarders of the scapula
superior boarder
medial boarder (vertebra)
lateral boarder (axillary)
what type of scapula boarder is at the axillary
lateral boarder
what type of scapula boarder is at the vertebra
medial boarder
what is the acromion process protects…
protects the shoulder joint
what is the attachment site of the acromion process
clavicle
what is the attachment point of acromion process
shoulder muscles
what process in your scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus
glenoid process
glenoid process is where it articulates with…
the head of the humerus
what type of bone is humerus
long bone
what is the attachment site of deltoid muscles in humerus
deltoid tuberosity
it articulates with the radius
capitulum
it articulates with ulna
trochlea
it is the attachment site for the forearm muscles
medial and lateral epicondyle
ulna and radius is interconnected by
interosseous membrane
what is your flexible ligament in your forearm
interosseous membrane
capitulum
it articulates with the radius
medial and lateral epicondyle in the forearm
it is the attachment site for the forearm muscles
trochlea
it articulates with the ulna
which bone is slightly longer in your forearm
ulna
ulna has the presence of… (C shaped)
trochlear notch
which bone is wider than your ulna
radius
what is the attachment site for ligaments of wrists
styloid process
what are the 2 process present in the ulna
olecranon process
coronoid process
what are your carpal bones
hamate
capitate
trapezoid
trapezium
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform
how many metacarpal bones in a hand
5
what are the 3 phalanges in our fingers
proximal
middle
distal
which finger has only 2 phalanges and what are they
thumb
proximal and distal
number your metacarpal bones
1 is on the thumb
5 is on the pinky
lower extremities consists of
lower limb
pelvic girdle
it is the less mobility bone
pelvis girdle
it attaches the lower limb to your trunk
pelvis girdle
what are the 3 bones in the pelvis girdle
2 hip bone (coxal) + 1 sacrum
what are the regions of coxal bone
ilium
ischium
pubis
ilium
ischium
pubis
these are your region of what bone
coxal bone
the functions of pelvis girdle (SAP)
support the weight
attach lower limbs
protect internal organs
it articulates with your femur in pelvis girdle
acetabulum
what is acetabulum in your coxal bone
articulates with femur
what type of bone is patella
sesamoid bone
where is patella located at
in front of the joint between the femur and tibia
it is a large sesamoid bone which is located Infront of the joint between femur and tibia
patella
what are the functions of the patella (PIM)
protect the kneecap
increase tendon leverage
maintain position of the tendon when flex
it is the muscle attachment in thigh part
adductor tubercle
ligament attachment in femur
medial and lateral epicondyle
it is the attachment site of gluteus maximus
gluteal tuberosity
responsible with the articulation with tibia
condyles
what is the largest bone
femur
what is the head of the femur called
fovea capitis
in femur, what is in between the greater and lesser trochanter
intertrochanteric crest
what is intertrochanteric crest located at
in between the greater and lesser trochanter
what is gluteal tuberosity
attachment site for gluteus maximus
what are the 2 bones found in the leg
fibula
tibia
which bone in your thigh is thinner and which is larger
thinner - fibula
larger- tibia
medial condyle in the bones of leg articulates with…
femur
it is the attachment site of quadriceps femoris group
tibial tuberosity
it is the medial site of ankle joint
medial malleolus
it is the ridge between the articular surfaces of proximal tibia
intercondylar eminence
what is the strongest and largest bone of the foot
calcaneus
what are the 7 tarsal bones
calcaneus
talus
cuboid
navicular
medial cuneiform
intermediate cuneiform
lateral cuneiform
what is your heel bone
calcaneus
what is your ankle bone
talus
it is the attachment site of large calf muscle
calcaneus
calcaneus is the attachment site of
large calf muscles
what are your big toes called
hallux
which toes has only 2 phalanges
hallux
the digits have how many phalanges
3
proximal phalanges
medial phalanges
distal phalanges
how many metatarsal bones are there
5
number your metatarsal bones
1 at the hallux
5 at the smallest
what are the 3 arch in the foot (MTL)
medial longitudinal arch
transverse arch
lateral longitudinal arch
what is the function of the arches in the foot
to distribute the weight of the body
what are the 3 pathophysiology
rickets
osteoarthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
which pathophysiology is usually found in kids
rickets
identify the pathophysiology:
softening and weakening of bones
rickets
identify the pathophysiology:
cartilage breakdown
osteoarthritis
identify the pathophysiology:
wear and tear of arthritis
osteoarthritis
identify the pathophysiology:
an autoimmune disease
rheumatoid arthritis
identify the pathophysiology:
inflammatory disease
rheumatoid arthritis
identify the pathophysiology:
usually in fingers and hands
rheumatoid arthritis
rickets is the deficiency of vitamin
D
identify the pathophysiology:
mostly in hands, hips and knees
osteoarthritis
what is the most common pathophysiology
osteoarthritis
