Reproductive System Flashcards
Functions of the reproductive system
Production of gametes
Production of reproductive hormones
Fertilization
Development and nourishment of a new individual
What are the female and male gametes
Male - sperm cells
Female - oocytes / egg cell
What are the 4 organs in the male reproductive system (TADS)
Testes
Ducts
Accessory organs
Supporting structures
What are the ducts found in the male reproductive system
Epididymis
Vas derferns
Urethra
What are the accessory organs found in the male reproductive system
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral glands
What are the supporting structures in the male reproductive system
Penis
Scrotum
It is the development of sperm cells
And which part did it occur in the male reproductive organs
Spermatogenesis
Testes
Location of testes
Within the scrotum
Functions of testes
Exocrine:
Endocrine:
Exocrine: secretion of sperm cells
Endocrine: secretion of testosterone
It secretes testosterone
Leydig cells
What is the covering around the testes
Tunica albuginea - fibrous connective tissue
What divides each testis
Septa
How many testis lobes are there
300 - 400 lobes
It is the development of sperm cells, Leydig cells, Sertoli cells and germ cells
Seminiferous tubules
Seminiferous tubules is the development of …
Sperm cells
Germ cells
Sertoli cells
Leydig cells
What is spermatogenesis
Development of sperm cells
It is where the final maturation of sperm cells happen
Epididymis
How long is the testes
4-5 cm long
Location of the epididymis
Posterior side of the testes
In the epididymis,
The head-
The tail-
The head- immotile ( not capable of reproduction)
The tail- motile ( capable of reproduction )
What is the cell type of epididymis
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with sterocilia
What are the 3 parts of the epididymis
Head
Body
Tail
Location of vas deference
Emerge from the tail of the epididymis
What is the lumen of the vas deference
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Smooth muscles
What are the 5 spermatic cord (LV NTF)
Lymphatic vessels
Vas deference
Nerves
Testicular artery
Fibrous remnants of the process of vaginalis
What are the 2 parts of the spermatic cord
External spermatic fascia
Internal spermatic fascia
It is responsible for the response of muscles in reproductive organ when it comes to the temp. (Usually heat)
Cremaster muscle
Where can the cremaster muscles be found in the spermatic cord
External spermatic fascia
It is the sac-shaped gland
Seminal vesicles
What is the main function of the seminal vesicle
It secretes different substances (for nourishment of sperm cells. For example: fructose)
It joins ampulla and seminal vesicles
Ejaculatory duct
How long is the ejaculatory duct
2.5 cm long
Urethra is the main passage way for both ______ and _______
Urine
Male reproductive fluid
How long is the urethra
20cm long
Location of male urethra
Extends form urinary bladder to the distal end of the penis
What is the cell type of urethra
Mostly stratified columnar epithelium
What are the 3 parts of the urethra
Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Spongy urethra
What is the shortest urethra
Membranous urethra
What is the longest urethra
Spongy urethra
Prostatic urethra consists of ____
Transitional epithelium
Spongy urethra consists of ____
Stratified simple sq. E
Location of the seminal vesicles
Next to ampulla
How long is the seminal vesicles
5cm
It is responsible for the secretion of different nutrients for sperm cells
Prostate gland
Shape and size of prostate gland
walnut in shape
4x2cm
Tissue type of prostate gland
fibrous connective tissue with smooth muscles
Cell type of prostate gland
columnar epithelial cell s
Location of bulbourethral gland
Near membranous urethra
Bulbourethral gland is also known as
cowper glands
It decreases in size with age
bulbourethral gland
What is the main function of Bulbourethral glands
Secretes thick mucus
The thick mucus in the Bulbourethral gland has a pH of ____ and it _____
Alkaline
Neutralize the acidity of the vagina and some secretions of these creations coming from semen
It is the passageway for the sperm cells
Ductus deference
Prostate gland is responsible for the secretion of ______ to ______
Different nutrients to sperm cells
Seminal vesicles is responsible for the secretion of ______ for ______
different substances for nourishment of sperm cells
it is the sac like structure that contains the testes
scrotum
in the scrotum, it is an irregular ridge that is located externally “wrinkled”
raphe
what are the 2 muscles found in the scrotum
dartos muscle
cremaster muscle
what is dartos muscle in the scrotum
smooth muscle outer layer
responds in cold temperature
what is cremaster muscles in the scrotum
pulls the scrotum near the body
keeps the testes warm
it is a male organ for copulation
penis
what are the 3 columns of erectile tissue
erection
corpora cavernosa
corpus spongiosum
what is the dorsal and side of your columns of erectile tissue of the penis
corpora cavernosa
what is the ventral portion of your columns of erectile tissue of the penis
corpus spongiosum
this part of the penis usually expose during surgical incision
glans penis
what are the 2 root of penis
bulb of penis
root of penis
what is the foreskin of the penis
prepuce
why do male undergo surgical incision
to avoid different types of infections/ cancer
semen is the combination of
sperm cells and seccretion
semen is composed of
seminal vesicles - 60%
prostate gland- 30%
bulbourethral gland - 5%
testes - 5%
explain the term of emission of semen
discharge of all secretions
explain the term of ejaculation of semen
forceful expulsion of semen
explain the cell division of the male gamete (spermatogenesis)
spermatogonium undergoes mitosis > spermatocytes
spermatocytes undergo meiosis 1 > secondary spermatocytes
secondary spermatocytes undergo meiosis 2 > spermatid
spermatid will go to the epididymis for the production of flagella > sperm (spermatozoa)
gonadotropin releasing-hormone is released from
hypothalamus
gonadotropin releasing hormone promotes the release of …
luteinizing hormones
follicle- stimulating hormones
it is a hormone that increases rate of testosterone synthesis and secretion
luteinizing hormone
it is a secretion that promotes the sperm cells development
follicle-stimulating hormone
major male hormone secreted by the testes
testosterone
testosterone is responsible for the …
sexual characteristics and behaviour
how long and wide is the ovaries
2-3.5cm
1-1.5cm
it attaches each ovary to the posterior surface of the ligaments
mesovarium
what are the 2 ligaments associated with the ovary
suspensory ligament
ovarian ligament
identify the ligaments associated with the ovary:
mesovarium to body wall
suspensory ligament
identify the ligaments associated with the ovary:
attaches superior margin of the uterus
ovarian ligament
it is the production of the oocytes
oogenesis
after the production of the oocytes, it will undergo _____
fertilization
what occurs in the primary oocyte
meiosis
meiosis in the primary oocytes stops during the ______
first mitotic division prophase I
how many primary oocytes do we have at birth
2 million
how many primary oocytes do we have at birth to puberty
300 thousand - 400 thousand
how many primary oocytes will develop to secondary oocyte
400
secondary oocyte is capable of _____
ovulation
secondary oocyte stops in _______
metaphase II
what usually occurs after we have secondary oocyte
fertilization
what is the by product of the mitotic division of the oocyte
polar body
what happens to the by product of the mitotic division of the oocyte
divide or degenerates
when a sperm cells binds and penetrates the plasma membrane of secondary oocyte
fertilization
secondary oocyte completes the second mitotic division to form __________
2 cells
the 2 cells of secondary oocyte after the secondary oocyte undergo the second mitotic division, it each contains ______
23 chromosomes
what happens to the the 2 cells of secondary oocyte after the it undergoes the second mitotic division
one will degenerates while the other binds with the 23 chromosomes from the sperm cells to form a zygote
uterine tubes can also be called as
fallopian tube
oviduct
what are the 4 parts of the oviduct
fimbriae (ciliated)
infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus
what are the 3 layers of the wall of uterine tubes
serosa
mucosa
muscular layer
identify the part of the parts of the uterine tubes:
site for fertilization
ampulla
identify the part of the parts of the uterine tubes:
long projection
infundibulum
identify the part of the parts of the uterine tubes:
narrow thick walls than ampulla
isthmus
identify the part of the parts of the uterine tubes:
nearest to the infundibulum
ampulla
identify the part of the parts of the uterine tubes:
surround the opening of infundibulum
fimbriae
how long and wide is the uterus
7.5 cm long
5 cm wide
what are the 4 parts of the uterus
fundus
body
cervix
isthmus
it is a part of the uterus that is a junction between the cervix and the body
isthmus
what are the 2 ligaments found in the uterus
round ligament
uterosacral ligament
mammary glands secretes ….
milk
it is a modified sweat glands
mammary glands
how many glandular lobes does mammary gland have
15-20
in the mammary gland, each glandular lobes contain ______ where milk accumulates
lactiferous duct
what are 3 structures of the mammary glands
Rudimentary glandular system
Gynecomastia
Cooper ligaments
in the mammary gland:
it contains smooth muscle that cause it to erect upon stimulation
Nipples
in the nipples where it erect upon stimulation, is it voluntary or involuntary
Involuntary
why is there elevation of nipples
Resoponse to temp
what causes dark nipples
The hormone that secretes melanin
it is a cyclic changes in sexually mature nonpregnant that culminate menses
Menstrual cycle
how long does the menstrual cycle lasts
28 days long (or as short as 18 days)
it is a period of mild hemorrhage that occurs approximately each month
Menses
it is the discharge of blood
Menstruation
ovulation occurs about ________ menstrual cycle
14 of a 28
time between ending of menses and ovulation
Follicular phase
it is the period after ovulation and before the next menses
Luteal phase
which day of the menstrual cycle is the most fertile day
14
which day of the menstrual cycle where couples try to have a baby
12 and 13
hormone that helps control the menstrual cycle
Luteinizing hormone
hormone that stimulates the growth and maturation of eggs in the ovaries during follicular phase
Follicle stimulating hormone
hormone that maintains both the reproductive system and female characteristics
Estrogen
hormone that regulates the menstrual cycle
Progesterone
what is the function of progesterone in the female reproductive system
Regulate menstrual cycle
Gets the uterus ready for pregnancy
Released by the corpus legume in the ovary
what is the function of estrogen in the female reproductive system
Maintain the reproductive system and the female characteristics
what is the function of follicle stimulating hormone in the female reproductive system
Stimulates growth and maturation of eggs in the ovaries during follicular phase
what is the function of luteinizing hormone in the female reproductive system
Helps control the menstrual cycle
what are the behavioral method in birth control
Abstinence
Calendar method
Lactation amenorrhea
Coitus interruptus
what are the barrier method in birth control
Condom
Vaginal condo,
Intrauterine device
what are the chemical method in birth control
Oral contraceptives
what are the surgical method in birth control
Vasectomy
Laparoscopy
Tubal ligation