Reproductive System Flashcards
1
Q
Functions of the reproductive system
A
Production of gametes
Production of reproductive hormones
Fertilization
Development and nourishment of a new individual
2
Q
What are the female and male gametes
A
Male - sperm cells
Female - oocytes / egg cell
3
Q
What are the 4 organs in the male reproductive system (TADS)
A
Testes
Ducts
Accessory organs
Supporting structures
4
Q
What are the ducts found in the male reproductive system
A
Epididymis
Vas derferns
Urethra
5
Q
What are the accessory organs found in the male reproductive system
A
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral glands
6
Q
What are the supporting structures in the male reproductive system
A
Penis
Scrotum
7
Q
It is the development of sperm cells
And which part did it occur in the male reproductive organs
A
Spermatogenesis
Testes
8
Q
Location of testes
A
Within the scrotum
9
Q
Functions of testes
Exocrine:
Endocrine:
A
Exocrine: secretion of sperm cells
Endocrine: secretion of testosterone
10
Q
It secretes testosterone
A
Leydig cells
11
Q
What is the covering around the testes
A
Tunica albuginea - fibrous connective tissue
12
Q
What divides each testis
A
Septa
13
Q
How many testis lobes are there
A
300 - 400 lobes
14
Q
It is the development of sperm cells, Leydig cells, Sertoli cells and germ cells
A
Seminiferous tubules
15
Q
Seminiferous tubules is the development of …
A
Sperm cells
Germ cells
Sertoli cells
Leydig cells
16
Q
What is spermatogenesis
A
Development of sperm cells
17
Q
It is where the final maturation of sperm cells happen
A
Epididymis
18
Q
How long is the testes
A
4-5 cm long
19
Q
Location of the epididymis
A
Posterior side of the testes
20
Q
In the epididymis,
The head-
The tail-
A
The head- immotile ( not capable of reproduction)
The tail- motile ( capable of reproduction )
21
Q
What is the cell type of epididymis
A
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with sterocilia
22
Q
What are the 3 parts of the epididymis
A
Head
Body
Tail
23
Q
Location of vas deference
A
Emerge from the tail of the epididymis
24
Q
What is the lumen of the vas deference
A
Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Smooth muscles
25
What are the 5 spermatic cord (LV NTF)
Lymphatic vessels
Vas deference
Nerves
Testicular artery
Fibrous remnants of the process of vaginalis
26
What are the 2 parts of the spermatic cord
External spermatic fascia
Internal spermatic fascia
27
It is responsible for the response of muscles in reproductive organ when it comes to the temp. (Usually heat)
Cremaster muscle
28
Where can the cremaster muscles be found in the spermatic cord
External spermatic fascia
29
It is the sac-shaped gland
Seminal vesicles
30
What is the main function of the seminal vesicle
It secretes different substances (for nourishment of sperm cells. For example: fructose)
31
It joins ampulla and seminal vesicles
Ejaculatory duct
32
How long is the ejaculatory duct
2.5 cm long
33
Urethra is the main passage way for both ______ and _______
Urine
Male reproductive fluid
34
How long is the urethra
20cm long
35
Location of male urethra
Extends form urinary bladder to the distal end of the penis
36
What is the cell type of urethra
Mostly stratified columnar epithelium
37
What are the 3 parts of the urethra
Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Spongy urethra
38
What is the shortest urethra
Membranous urethra
39
What is the longest urethra
Spongy urethra
40
Prostatic urethra consists of ____
Transitional epithelium
41
Spongy urethra consists of ____
Stratified simple sq. E
42
Location of the seminal vesicles
Next to ampulla
43
How long is the seminal vesicles
5cm
44
It is responsible for the secretion of different nutrients for sperm cells
Prostate gland
45
Shape and size of prostate gland
walnut in shape
4x2cm
46
Tissue type of prostate gland
fibrous connective tissue with smooth muscles
47
Cell type of prostate gland
columnar epithelial cell s
48
Location of bulbourethral gland
Near membranous urethra
49
Bulbourethral gland is also known as
cowper glands
50
It decreases in size with age
bulbourethral gland
51
What is the main function of Bulbourethral glands
Secretes thick mucus
52
The thick mucus in the Bulbourethral gland has a pH of ____ and it _____
Alkaline
Neutralize the acidity of the vagina and some secretions of these creations coming from semen
53
It is the passageway for the sperm cells
Ductus deference
54
Prostate gland is responsible for the secretion of ______ to ______
Different nutrients to sperm cells
55
Seminal vesicles is responsible for the secretion of ______ for ______
different substances for nourishment of sperm cells
56
it is the sac like structure that contains the testes
scrotum
57
in the scrotum, it is an irregular ridge that is located externally "wrinkled"
raphe
58
what are the 2 muscles found in the scrotum
dartos muscle
cremaster muscle
59
what is dartos muscle in the scrotum
smooth muscle outer layer
responds in cold temperature
60
what is cremaster muscles in the scrotum
pulls the scrotum near the body
keeps the testes warm
61
it is a male organ for copulation
penis
62
what are the 3 columns of erectile tissue
erection
corpora cavernosa
corpus spongiosum
63
what is the dorsal and side of your columns of erectile tissue of the penis
corpora cavernosa
64
what is the ventral portion of your columns of erectile tissue of the penis
corpus spongiosum
65
this part of the penis usually expose during surgical incision
glans penis
66
what are the 2 root of penis
bulb of penis
root of penis
67
what is the foreskin of the penis
prepuce
68
why do male undergo surgical incision
to avoid different types of infections/ cancer
69
semen is the combination of
sperm cells and seccretion
70
semen is composed of
seminal vesicles - 60%
prostate gland- 30%
bulbourethral gland - 5%
testes - 5%
71
explain the term of emission of semen
discharge of all secretions
72
explain the term of ejaculation of semen
forceful expulsion of semen
73
explain the cell division of the male gamete (spermatogenesis)
spermatogonium undergoes mitosis > spermatocytes
spermatocytes undergo meiosis 1 > secondary spermatocytes
secondary spermatocytes undergo meiosis 2 > spermatid
spermatid will go to the epididymis for the production of flagella > sperm (spermatozoa)
74
gonadotropin releasing-hormone is released from
hypothalamus
75
gonadotropin releasing hormone promotes the release of ...
luteinizing hormones
follicle- stimulating hormones
76
it is a hormone that increases rate of testosterone synthesis and secretion
luteinizing hormone
77
it is a secretion that promotes the sperm cells development
follicle-stimulating hormone
78
major male hormone secreted by the testes
testosterone
79
testosterone is responsible for the ...
sexual characteristics and behaviour
80
how long and wide is the ovaries
2-3.5cm
1-1.5cm
81
it attaches each ovary to the posterior surface of the ligaments
mesovarium
82
what are the 2 ligaments associated with the ovary
suspensory ligament
ovarian ligament
83
identify the ligaments associated with the ovary:
mesovarium to body wall
suspensory ligament
84
identify the ligaments associated with the ovary:
attaches superior margin of the uterus
ovarian ligament
85
it is the production of the oocytes
oogenesis
86
after the production of the oocytes, it will undergo _____
fertilization
87
what occurs in the primary oocyte
meiosis
88
meiosis in the primary oocytes stops during the ______
first mitotic division prophase I
89
how many primary oocytes do we have at birth
2 million
90
how many primary oocytes do we have at birth to puberty
300 thousand - 400 thousand
91
how many primary oocytes will develop to secondary oocyte
400
92
secondary oocyte is capable of _____
ovulation
93
secondary oocyte stops in _______
metaphase II
94
what usually occurs after we have secondary oocyte
fertilization
95
what is the by product of the mitotic division of the oocyte
polar body
96
what happens to the by product of the mitotic division of the oocyte
divide or degenerates
97
when a sperm cells binds and penetrates the plasma membrane of secondary oocyte
fertilization
98
secondary oocyte completes the second mitotic division to form __________
2 cells
99
the 2 cells of secondary oocyte after the secondary oocyte undergo the second mitotic division, it each contains ______
23 chromosomes
100
what happens to the the 2 cells of secondary oocyte after the it undergoes the second mitotic division
one will degenerates while the other binds with the 23 chromosomes from the sperm cells to form a zygote
101
uterine tubes can also be called as
fallopian tube
oviduct
102
what are the 4 parts of the oviduct
fimbriae (ciliated)
infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus
103
what are the 3 layers of the wall of uterine tubes
serosa
mucosa
muscular layer
104
identify the part of the parts of the uterine tubes:
site for fertilization
ampulla
105
identify the part of the parts of the uterine tubes:
long projection
infundibulum
106
identify the part of the parts of the uterine tubes:
narrow thick walls than ampulla
isthmus
107
identify the part of the parts of the uterine tubes:
nearest to the infundibulum
ampulla
108
identify the part of the parts of the uterine tubes:
surround the opening of infundibulum
fimbriae
109
how long and wide is the uterus
7.5 cm long
5 cm wide
110
what are the 4 parts of the uterus
fundus
body
cervix
isthmus
111
it is a part of the uterus that is a junction between the cervix and the body
isthmus
112
what are the 2 ligaments found in the uterus
round ligament
uterosacral ligament
113
mammary glands secretes ....
milk
114
it is a modified sweat glands
mammary glands
115
how many glandular lobes does mammary gland have
15-20
116
in the mammary gland, each glandular lobes contain ______ where milk accumulates
lactiferous duct
117
what are 3 structures of the mammary glands
Rudimentary glandular system
Gynecomastia
Cooper ligaments
118
in the mammary gland:
it contains smooth muscle that cause it to erect upon stimulation
Nipples
119
in the nipples where it erect upon stimulation, is it voluntary or involuntary
Involuntary
120
why is there elevation of nipples
Resoponse to temp
121
what causes dark nipples
The hormone that secretes melanin
122
it is a cyclic changes in sexually mature nonpregnant that culminate menses
Menstrual cycle
123
how long does the menstrual cycle lasts
28 days long (or as short as 18 days)
124
it is a period of mild hemorrhage that occurs approximately each month
Menses
125
it is the discharge of blood
Menstruation
126
ovulation occurs about ________ menstrual cycle
14 of a 28
127
time between ending of menses and ovulation
Follicular phase
128
it is the period after ovulation and before the next menses
Luteal phase
129
which day of the menstrual cycle is the most fertile day
14
130
which day of the menstrual cycle where couples try to have a baby
12 and 13
131
hormone that helps control the menstrual cycle
Luteinizing hormone
132
hormone that stimulates the growth and maturation of eggs in the ovaries during follicular phase
Follicle stimulating hormone
133
hormone that maintains both the reproductive system and female characteristics
Estrogen
134
hormone that regulates the menstrual cycle
Progesterone
135
what is the function of progesterone in the female reproductive system
Regulate menstrual cycle
Gets the uterus ready for pregnancy
Released by the corpus legume in the ovary
136
what is the function of estrogen in the female reproductive system
Maintain the reproductive system and the female characteristics
137
what is the function of follicle stimulating hormone in the female reproductive system
Stimulates growth and maturation of eggs in the ovaries during follicular phase
138
what is the function of luteinizing hormone in the female reproductive system
Helps control the menstrual cycle
139
what are the behavioral method in birth control
Abstinence
Calendar method
Lactation amenorrhea
Coitus interruptus
140
what are the barrier method in birth control
Condom
Vaginal condo,
Intrauterine device
141
what are the chemical method in birth control
Oral contraceptives
142
what are the surgical method in birth control
Vasectomy
Laparoscopy
Tubal ligation
