Circulatory System Flashcards
1
Q
The circulatory system is composed of
A
Blood
Vascular system (capillaries, veins, artery)
Heart
2
Q
Functions of the circulatory system (CHED-T)
A
Carries blood
Helps regulate blood pressure
Exchange nutrients, waste products and gases with tissues
Direct blood flow to tissue
Transport substances
3
Q
It is a cell regulating process in which living organism can maintain internal stability while adjusting to changes in external environment
A
Body homeostasis
4
Q
What is the function of the blood
A
Transports fluid of the body
5
Q
It transports fluid of the body
A
Blood
6
Q
The blood is composed of
A
Plasma: 55% of the blood
Formed elements: 45% of the blood
7
Q
The plasma is composed of
A
Water-91%
Protein-7%
Other solutes-2%
8
Q
It is a liquid portion of blood without its cellular elements
A
Plasma
9
Q
Plasma is a liquid portion of blood without it’s…
A
Cellular elements
10
Q
It is the name given to a plasma after a blood clot is formed
A
Serum
11
Q
Formed elements is composed of…
A
Buffy coat- 1%
Red blood cells - 99%
12
Q
What are the 3 proteins that can be found in plasma
A
Fibrinogen
Albumin
Globulins
13
Q
The formed elements are…
A
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
14
Q
Erythrocytes
A
Red blood cells
15
Q
Leukocytes
A
White blood cells
16
Q
Thrombocytes
A
Platelets
17
Q
Describe red blood cell
A
Biconcave shape
No nucleus
Cytoplasm densely filled with hemoglobin
18
Q
What is the lifespan of the RBC
A
120 days
19
Q
What is the total RBC count for male
A
4.5-6.2 × 10 12 /L
20
Q
What is the total RBC count for female
A
4.2- 5.4 × 10 12 /L
21
Q
It is the formation of blood cells
A
Hematopoiesis
22
Q
What are the 3 main categories of blood cells
A
Red blood cell
White blood cell
Platelets
23
Q
It is the process by which RBCs are produced
A
Erythropoiesis
24
Q
It is the body’s natural defense against injury and disease
A
White blood cells
25
White blood cell has... But no...
Nucleus
Pigment
26
What are the types of WBC based on the density of their cytoplasmic granules
Granulocyte
Agranulocyte
27
It has granules and it is polymorphonuclear with 2 or more lobes
Granulocyte
28
No granules present but have azurophilic granules/ lysosomes
Agranulocyte
29
What are the polymorphonuclear with 2 or more lobes
Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
30
The nucleus of the agranulocytosis is usually …
Round
31
What are the examples of the agranulocyte WBC
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
32
What are the types of WBC based on their function
Phagocyte
Immunocyte
33
Identify the type of WBC based on their function:
Engulf bacteria, viruses, foreign particles etc
Phagocyte
34
Identify the type of WBC based on their function:
Involved in immune response of the body
Immunocyte
35
What are the examples of phagocyte
Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Monocytes
36
What is the percentage of neutrophils
50%-70%
37
What is the percentage of eosinophils
1%-4%
38
What is the percentage of basophils
0%-2%
39
What is the percentage of lymphocytes
20%-40%
40
What is the percentage of monocytes
2%-8%
41
Identify the WBC:
It has 3-5 nuclear lobes
Neutrophils
42
Identify the WBC:
It has 2 nuclear lobes (bi-lobed)
Eosinophils
43
Identify the WBC:
It has 2 nuclear lobes but it is often difficult to see
Basophils
44
Identify the WBC:
The specific granules stain is red-orange
Eosinophils
45
Identify the WBC:
The specific granules stain is light pink
Neutrophils
46
Identify the WBC:
The specific granules stain is blue black
Basophils
47
Identify the WBC:
Responds to bacterial infection
Neutrophils
48
Identify the WBC:
Responds to parasitic infection and allergy
Eosinophils
49
Identify the WBC:
It responds to hypersensitivity reactions through histamine release
Basophils
50
Identify the WBC:
It has spherical nucleus that stains dark blue
Lymphocytes
51
Identify the WBC:
It has indented, C shape, horse shoe or kidney shaped nucleus that stains blue
Monocytes
52
Identify the WBC:
It is responsible for long term immunity
Lymphocyte
53
Identify the WBC:
It phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, cell fragments and other debris within tissues
Monocytes
54
What are the 2 types of lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes
55
Identify the type of lymphocytes:
Directly attack an infected or cancerous cell
T-lymphocytes
56
Identify the type of lymphocytes:
Produce antibodies against specific antigens
B-lymphocytes
57
Monocytes migrate into tissues where they transform into …
Macrophages
58
It is the largest blood cell in peripheral blood
Monocytes
59
T-lymphocytes is from
Thymus glands
60
B-lymphocytes synthesis in …
Bone marrow
61
It is the most abundant of the formed elements
Platelets
62
It is the fragments of larger bone marrow cells
Megakaryocytes
63
Platelets promotes..
Blood clotting
64
What is the life span of platelets
120 days
65
What is the platelet count
150 - 450 x 10 9 / L
66
How many layers do blood vessel walls have
3
67
What are the 3 layers of the blood vessels
Tunica interna / intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa / adventitia
68
It is the inner most layer of the blood vessel structure
Tunica interna/ intima
69
It is the middle layer of the blood vessel structure
Tunica media
70
It is the outer layer of the blood vessel structure
Tunica externa/ adventitia
71
It is the thickest layer of the blood vessel structure
Tunica media
72
Identify the layer of the blood vessel:
It has simple squamous epithelium and
Thin subendothelial layer of loose connective tissue
Tunica interna / intima
73
Identify the layer of the blood vessel:
It has smooth muscle and
External elastic tissue
Tunica media
74
Identify the layer of the blood vessel:
Type I collagen and
Elastic fibers
Tunica externa/ adventitia
75
Identity the tissues found in tunica intima
Simple sq. E
Thin subendothelial layer of loose CT
76
Identity the tissues / muscles found in tunica media
Smooth muscle
External elastic tissue
77
Identity the tissues / fibers found in tunica adventitia
Type I collagen
Elastic fibers
78
What is the function of smooth muscle and external elastic tissue in the tunica media
Allows the blood vessel to change in diameter
79
What's the function of type 1 collagen and elastic fibers in the tunica adventitia
It supports and protects the blood vessels
80
What separates the tunica intima from the tunica media
Internal elastic lamina
81
The informal elastic Latina Is composed of...
Elastic fibers
82
It is the most common and the smallest blood vessels
Capillaries
83
Capillaries connects
Arterioles with venules
84
Capillaries is the metabolic exchange within the blood and surrounding tissues via...
Diffusion
85
What are the 3 types of capillaries
Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal
86
Identify the type of capillaries:
The most common type
Continuous capillaries
87
Identify the type of capillaries:
It has small circular fenestrae
Fenestrated capillaries
88
Identify the type of capillaries:
It permits maximal exchange of macromolecules
Sinusoidal capillaries
89
Sinusoidal capillaries is between ___ and ____
Tissues and the blood
90
Fenestrated capillaries can be found in
Kidneys
Intestines
Endocrine gland
91
The internal elastic lamina is composed of elastic fibers with holes that allow…
allows di usion of substances to know these cell in the blood vessel
92
It carries oxygenated blood to all parts of the body
Arteries
93
What are the 3 types of arteries
Elastic artery
Muscular artery
Arterioles
94
Identify the type of arteries:
Conducting arteries
Elastic artery
95
Identify the type of arteries:
Distributing arteries
Muscular artery
96
Identify the type of arteries:
It delivers blood to the capillaries
Arterioles
97
What is the largest in diameter and the thickest artery
Elastic artery
98
What is an example of an elastic artery
Aorta
99
What is the medium size and small in diameter artery
Muscular artery
100
What is the smallest artery
Arterioles
101
Why is the muscular arteries a distributing arteries
It carries blood away from the heart to other parts
102
Examples of muscular arteries
Brachii artery. Femoral artery, renal artery
103
Identify the principal artery:
Areas served at head and brain
Common carotid
104
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at brain
Internal carotid
105
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at face
External carotid
106
Identify the principal artery:
Areas served at spinal column and brain
Vertebral
107
Identify the principal artery:
Areas served at right arm, head and shoulder
Brachiocephalic
108
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at shoulder
Subclavian
109
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at axilla
Axillary
110
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at upper arm and elbow area
Brachial
111
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at chest cavity
Thoracic aorta
112
Internal carotid supplies 80% of the ____
Cerebrum
113
External artery supply most of the
external head structures
114
Identify the principal artery:
Palpated to measure the pulse
Radial artery
115
What are the 7 locations to feel the pulse (TB CR FPD)
Temporal
Brachial
Carotid
Radial
Femoral
Popliteal
Dorsalis pedis
116
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at spleen
Splenic
117
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at liver
Hepatic
118
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at small intestines and colon
Superior mesenteric
119
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at kidney
Renal
120
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at lower abdomen
Common iliac
121
Identify the principal artery:
Areas served at pelvis and bladder
Internal iliac
122
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at groin and lower leg
External iliac
123
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at groin
Femoral
124
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at knee area
Popliteal
125
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at anterior lower leg
Anterior tibias
126
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at posterior lower leg
Posterior tibias
127
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at ankle
Dorsalis pedis
128
What are the major arteries that branch off the iliac arteries
Common iliac
Internal iliac
External iliac
Femoral
Popiteal
Anterior tibialis
Posterior tibialis
Dorsalis pedis
129
Areas susceptible for injuries that can result to haemorrhage and nerve damage
Femoral triangle
130
Femoral triangle are areas susceptible for injuries that can result to
haemorrhage and nerve damage
131
can the pulse also be detected at femoral triangle
Yes
132
It carry deoxygenated blood away from the capillaries to the heart
Veins
133
Venus carry deoxygenated blood from the... To the...
Capillaries
Heart
134
Why are the veins are much more thinner than these in arteries
As they do not need to withstand high pressure
135
What are the 3 type of veins
Large veins
Middle veins
Venules
136
Identify the type of vein:
It is a sized veins
Medial veins
137
Identify the type of vein:
It collects blood from capillaries and drain into veins
Venules
138
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at face
External jugular
139
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at head and neck
Internal jugular
140
Identify the principal vein:
Areas served at head and shoulder
Brachiocephelic
141
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at shoulder and upper limbs
Subclavian
142
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at upper part of the body
Superior vena cava
143
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at lower part of the body and abdomen area
Inferior vena cava
144
What are the 2 body’s main vein
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
145
Identify the principal vein:
It receives most of the blood from brain and face
Internal jugular
146
It has more superficial jugular vein
External jugular
147
Identify the principal vein:
It receives blood from the head, shoulder and arms
Superior vena cava
148
Identify the principal vein:
It receive blood from the lower body
Inferior vena cava
149
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at shoulder and axilla
Cephalic
150
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at upper arm
Brachial
151
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at lower arm and wrist
Radial
152
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at axilla
Axillary
153
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at liver
Hepatic
154
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at kidney
Renal
155
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at organs of digestion
Hepatic portal
156
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at spleen
Splenic
157
Identify the principal vein:
Areas served at small intestine and colon
Superior mesenteric
158
Identify the principal vein:
It is the most common site for blood extraction
Median cubital vein
159
Identify the principal vein:
Frequent site for intravenous fluid
Cephalic
160
Most common site for growing blood and blood extraction
Median cubical vein
161
Medial cubical vein is a site for growing ___ and ___
Blood
Blood extraction
162
It is the longest vein in the body. Harvested as a graft for coronal artery bypass sugery
Great saphenous
163
Identify the principal vein:
Area at the upper leg
Great saphenous
164
Identify the principal vein:
Area at upper leg and groin
Femoral
165
Identify the principal vein:
Area at knee
Popliteal
166
Identify the principal vein:
Area at posterior leg
Posterior tibialis
167
Identify the principal vein:
Area at foot
Dorsal venous arch
168
It is centrally located but the axis of symmetry is not in the middle
Heart
169
The heart is located posteriorly between the ___ and the ____
2nd costal cartilage
6th costal cartilage
170
It is the broadest part, at the upper right
Base
171
It is the pointed end, at the lower left
Apex
172
What are the 2 parts of the heart
Base
Apex
173
Identify the part of the heart:
The great vessels center and leaves the heart
Base
174
Identify the part of the heart:
It is the point of maximum impulse (strongest and loudest beat can be heard)
Apex
175
It surrounds the heart
Pericardium
176
The pericardium is the double layer of
Fibrous tissue
177
What are the types of pericardium
Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium
178
Identify the type of pericardium:
It is the outermost layer
Fibrous pericardium
179
What are the 2 serous pericardium
Parietal layer
Visceral layer
180
Identify the serous pericardium:
Covers the heart's surface
Visceral layer
181
Identify the serous pericardium:
Lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium
Parietal layer
182
It contains lubricating fluid called pericardial fluid
Pericardial cavity
183
Pericardial cavity contains lubricating fluid called...
Pericardial fluid
184
Pericardial cavity is located in between
Parietal and visceral layer
185
What is the function of the lubricating fluid in the pericardial fluid
Prevent 2 layer from rubbing each other and
Decrease the friction as the heart beats
186
What are the structure of the heart wall
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
187
Identify the structure of the heart wall:
Inner layer
Endocardium
188
Identify the structure of the heart wall:
Middle layer
Myocardium
189
Identify the structure of the heart wall:
Outer layer
Epicardium
190
Identify the structure of the heart wall:
It covers the heart values and lines the heart's chambers and blood vessels
Endocardium
191
Endocardium consits of....
Squamous epithelial cells
192
Identify the structure of the heart wall:
It is the thickest layer
Myocardium
193
Myocardium consits of...
Cardiac muscle tissue
194
Epicardium consits of...
Thin layer of squamous epithelial cells that covers the heart surface
195
Identify the structure of the heart wall:
It is the visceral layer
Epicardium
196
What are the 2 heart chambers
Right and left atrium
Right and left ventricle
197
What are the upper chambers
Right and left atrium
198
What are the lower chambers
Right and left ventricle
199
What are the heart valves
Atrioventicular values
Semilunar valves
200
What are the 2 artrioventicular valves
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve
201
What are the 2 semilunar valves
Pulmonary valves
Aortic valves
202
Identify the atrioventricular valves:
Prevents back flow from RV to RA
Tricuspid valve
203
Identify the atrioventricular valves:
Prevents back flow from LV to LA
Bicuspid valve
204
Identify the semilunar valves:
Prevents back flow from PA to RV
Pulmonary valve
205
Identify the semilunar valves:
Prevents back flow from aorta to LV
Aortic valve
206
It brings deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from all parts of the body
Superior and inferior vena cava
207
Takes blood away from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygen
Pulmonary artery
208
Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
Pulmonary veins
209
It takes blood away from the left ventricle to the rest of the body
Aorta
210
It receives blood from the coronary veins and empties the blood into the right atrium
Coronary sinus
211
What are the 2 type of circulation
Pulmonary
Systemic
212
High blood pressure / silent killer
Hypertension
213
A person is considered hypertensive if the systolic blood pressure is greater than... And the diastolic pressure is greater than...
140mm Hg
90mm Hg
214
It is the whooshing sound when taking blood pressure
Korotkoff sound
215
identify the disorder of blood:
decreased RBC count with abnormal hemaglobin
anemia
216
identify the disorder of blood:
increase RBC count
polycythemia
217
identify the disorder of blood:
increase RBC, WBC and platelets
polycythemia vera
218
identify the disorder of blood:
elevated WBC count
leukocytosis
219
identify the disorder of blood:
abnormally low WBC count
leukopenia
220
identify the disorder of blood:
cancer of blood or bone marrow
leukemia
221
identify the disorder of blood:
elevated platelet count
thrombocytosis
222
identify the disorder of blood:
abnormally low platelet count
thrombocytopenia
223
identify the disorder of blood:
formation of blood clot in a blood vessels
thrombosis
224
identify the disorder of blood:
localized clotted mass of blood
hematoma
225
identify the disorder of blood:
the ballooning out of artery caused by a weakening of blood vessels
aneurysm
226
identify the disorder of blood:
arterial walls thicken
arteriosclerosis
227
identify the disorder of blood:
deposit of fat form along the walls of the arteries
atherosclerosis
228
identify the disorder of blood:
swollen veins result from a slowing of blood flow back to the heart
varicose veins
229
it is a silent killer / high blood pressure
hypertension
230
hypertension requires the heart to ______ than normal
work harder
231
high blood pressure increases the risk for the _____
atherosclerosis
232
it is measure when the heart contracts
systolic pressure
233
it is measured when the heart relaxes, between beats
diastolic pressure
234
it is a temporary heart condition that is brought on stressful situations
broken heart syndrome
235
true or false
people with broken heart syndrome may have sudden chest pain or think they're having a heart attack
true
236
broken heart syndrome is also called
takotsubo cardiomyopathy
237
identify the disease of the heart:
any change from normal rate of rhythm of the heart
238
identify the disease of the heart:
slow heart rate (fewer than 60beats/ min)
239
identify the disease of the heart:
rapid heart rate (more than 100 beats/ min)
240
identify the disease of the heart:
indicates some defects in the valves of the heart
241
identify the disease of the heart:
heart attack - caused by a lack oof blood supply to the myocardium
myocardial infarction
242
identify the disease of the heart:
inflammation of the membrane that lines the heart and covers the walls -
inflammation of the outer membrane covering the heart -
inflammation of the heart muscles -
endocarditis
pericarditis
myocarditis
