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2023 SEM 1 ANAPHY (LAB) > Circulatory System > Flashcards

Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

The circulatory system is composed of

A

Blood
Vascular system (capillaries, veins, artery)
Heart

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2
Q

Functions of the circulatory system (CHED-T)

A

Carries blood
Helps regulate blood pressure
Exchange nutrients, waste products and gases with tissues
Direct blood flow to tissue
Transport substances

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3
Q

It is a cell regulating process in which living organism can maintain internal stability while adjusting to changes in external environment

A

Body homeostasis

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4
Q

What is the function of the blood

A

Transports fluid of the body

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5
Q

It transports fluid of the body

A

Blood

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6
Q

The blood is composed of

A

Plasma: 55% of the blood
Formed elements: 45% of the blood

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7
Q

The plasma is composed of

A

Water-91%
Protein-7%
Other solutes-2%

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8
Q

It is a liquid portion of blood without its cellular elements

A

Plasma

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9
Q

Plasma is a liquid portion of blood without it’s…

A

Cellular elements

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10
Q

It is the name given to a plasma after a blood clot is formed

A

Serum

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11
Q

Formed elements is composed of…

A

Buffy coat- 1%
Red blood cells - 99%

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12
Q

What are the 3 proteins that can be found in plasma

A

Fibrinogen
Albumin
Globulins

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13
Q

The formed elements are…

A

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes

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14
Q

Erythrocytes

A

Red blood cells

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15
Q

Leukocytes

A

White blood cells

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16
Q

Thrombocytes

A

Platelets

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17
Q

Describe red blood cell

A

Biconcave shape
No nucleus
Cytoplasm densely filled with hemoglobin

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18
Q

What is the lifespan of the RBC

A

120 days

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19
Q

What is the total RBC count for male

A

4.5-6.2 × 10 12 /L

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20
Q

What is the total RBC count for female

A

4.2- 5.4 × 10 12 /L

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21
Q

It is the formation of blood cells

A

Hematopoiesis

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22
Q

What are the 3 main categories of blood cells

A

Red blood cell
White blood cell
Platelets

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23
Q

It is the process by which RBCs are produced

A

Erythropoiesis

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24
Q

It is the body’s natural defense against injury and disease

A

White blood cells

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25
Q

White blood cell has… But no…

A

Nucleus
Pigment

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26
Q

What are the types of WBC based on the density of their cytoplasmic granules

A

Granulocyte
Agranulocyte

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27
Q

It has granules and it is polymorphonuclear with 2 or more lobes

A

Granulocyte

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28
Q

No granules present but have azurophilic granules/ lysosomes

A

Agranulocyte

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29
Q

What are the polymorphonuclear with 2 or more lobes

A

Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils

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30
Q

The nucleus of the agranulocytosis is usually …

A

Round

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31
Q

What are the examples of the agranulocyte WBC

A

Lymphocytes
Monocytes

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32
Q

What are the types of WBC based on their function

A

Phagocyte
Immunocyte

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33
Q

Identify the type of WBC based on their function:
Engulf bacteria, viruses, foreign particles etc

A

Phagocyte

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34
Q

Identify the type of WBC based on their function:
Involved in immune response of the body

A

Immunocyte

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35
Q

What are the examples of phagocyte

A

Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Monocytes

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36
Q

What is the percentage of neutrophils

A

50%-70%

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37
Q

What is the percentage of eosinophils

A

1%-4%

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38
Q

What is the percentage of basophils

A

0%-2%

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39
Q

What is the percentage of lymphocytes

A

20%-40%

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40
Q

What is the percentage of monocytes

A

2%-8%

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41
Q

Identify the WBC:
It has 3-5 nuclear lobes

A

Neutrophils

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42
Q

Identify the WBC:
It has 2 nuclear lobes (bi-lobed)

A

Eosinophils

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43
Q

Identify the WBC:
It has 2 nuclear lobes but it is often difficult to see

A

Basophils

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44
Q

Identify the WBC:
The specific granules stain is red-orange

A

Eosinophils

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45
Q

Identify the WBC:
The specific granules stain is light pink

A

Neutrophils

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46
Q

Identify the WBC:
The specific granules stain is blue black

A

Basophils

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47
Q

Identify the WBC:
Responds to bacterial infection

A

Neutrophils

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48
Q

Identify the WBC:
Responds to parasitic infection and allergy

A

Eosinophils

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49
Q

Identify the WBC:
It responds to hypersensitivity reactions through histamine release

A

Basophils

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50
Q

Identify the WBC:
It has spherical nucleus that stains dark blue

A

Lymphocytes

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51
Q

Identify the WBC:
It has indented, C shape, horse shoe or kidney shaped nucleus that stains blue

A

Monocytes

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52
Q

Identify the WBC:
It is responsible for long term immunity

A

Lymphocyte

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53
Q

Identify the WBC:
It phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, cell fragments and other debris within tissues

A

Monocytes

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54
Q

What are the 2 types of lymphocytes

A

T-lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes

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55
Q

Identify the type of lymphocytes:
Directly attack an infected or cancerous cell

A

T-lymphocytes

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56
Q

Identify the type of lymphocytes:
Produce antibodies against specific antigens

A

B-lymphocytes

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57
Q

Monocytes migrate into tissues where they transform into …

A

Macrophages

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58
Q

It is the largest blood cell in peripheral blood

A

Monocytes

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59
Q

T-lymphocytes is from

A

Thymus glands

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60
Q

B-lymphocytes synthesis in …

A

Bone marrow

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61
Q

It is the most abundant of the formed elements

A

Platelets

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62
Q

It is the fragments of larger bone marrow cells

A

Megakaryocytes

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63
Q

Platelets promotes..

A

Blood clotting

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64
Q

What is the life span of platelets

A

120 days

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65
Q

What is the platelet count

A

150 - 450 x 10 9 / L

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66
Q

How many layers do blood vessel walls have

A

3

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67
Q

What are the 3 layers of the blood vessels

A

Tunica interna / intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa / adventitia

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68
Q

It is the inner most layer of the blood vessel structure

A

Tunica interna/ intima

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69
Q

It is the middle layer of the blood vessel structure

A

Tunica media

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70
Q

It is the outer layer of the blood vessel structure

A

Tunica externa/ adventitia

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71
Q

It is the thickest layer of the blood vessel structure

A

Tunica media

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72
Q

Identify the layer of the blood vessel:
It has simple squamous epithelium and
Thin subendothelial layer of loose connective tissue

A

Tunica interna / intima

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73
Q

Identify the layer of the blood vessel:
It has smooth muscle and
External elastic tissue

A

Tunica media

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74
Q

Identify the layer of the blood vessel:
Type I collagen and
Elastic fibers

A

Tunica externa/ adventitia

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75
Q

Identity the tissues found in tunica intima

A

Simple sq. E
Thin subendothelial layer of loose CT

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76
Q

Identity the tissues / muscles found in tunica media

A

Smooth muscle
External elastic tissue

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77
Q

Identity the tissues / fibers found in tunica adventitia

A

Type I collagen
Elastic fibers

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78
Q

What is the function of smooth muscle and external elastic tissue in the tunica media

A

Allows the blood vessel to change in diameter

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79
Q

What’s the function of type 1 collagen and elastic fibers in the tunica adventitia

A

It supports and protects the blood vessels

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80
Q

What separates the tunica intima from the tunica media

A

Internal elastic lamina

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81
Q

The informal elastic Latina Is composed of…

A

Elastic fibers

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82
Q

It is the most common and the smallest blood vessels

A

Capillaries

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83
Q

Capillaries connects

A

Arterioles with venules

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84
Q

Capillaries is the metabolic exchange within the blood and surrounding tissues via…

A

Diffusion

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85
Q

What are the 3 types of capillaries

A

Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal

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86
Q

Identify the type of capillaries:
The most common type

A

Continuous capillaries

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87
Q

Identify the type of capillaries:
It has small circular fenestrae

A

Fenestrated capillaries

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88
Q

Identify the type of capillaries:
It permits maximal exchange of macromolecules

A

Sinusoidal capillaries

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89
Q

Sinusoidal capillaries is between ___ and ____

A

Tissues and the blood

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90
Q

Fenestrated capillaries can be found in

A

Kidneys
Intestines
Endocrine gland

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91
Q

The internal elastic lamina is composed of elastic fibers with holes that allow…

A

allows di usion of substances to know these cell in the blood vessel

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92
Q

It carries oxygenated blood to all parts of the body

A

Arteries

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93
Q

What are the 3 types of arteries

A

Elastic artery
Muscular artery
Arterioles

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94
Q

Identify the type of arteries:
Conducting arteries

A

Elastic artery

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95
Q

Identify the type of arteries:
Distributing arteries

A

Muscular artery

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96
Q

Identify the type of arteries:
It delivers blood to the capillaries

A

Arterioles

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97
Q

What is the largest in diameter and the thickest artery

A

Elastic artery

98
Q

What is an example of an elastic artery

A

Aorta

99
Q

What is the medium size and small in diameter artery

A

Muscular artery

100
Q

What is the smallest artery

A

Arterioles

101
Q

Why is the muscular arteries a distributing arteries

A

It carries blood away from the heart to other parts

102
Q

Examples of muscular arteries

A

Brachii artery. Femoral artery, renal artery

103
Q

Identify the principal artery:
Areas served at head and brain

A

Common carotid

104
Q

Identify the principal artery:
Area served at brain

A

Internal carotid

105
Q

Identify the principal artery:
Area served at face

A

External carotid

106
Q

Identify the principal artery:
Areas served at spinal column and brain

A

Vertebral

107
Q

Identify the principal artery:
Areas served at right arm, head and shoulder

A

Brachiocephalic

108
Q

Identify the principal artery:
Area served at shoulder

A

Subclavian

109
Q

Identify the principal artery:
Area served at axilla

A

Axillary

110
Q

Identify the principal artery:
Area served at upper arm and elbow area

A

Brachial

111
Q

Identify the principal artery:
Area served at chest cavity

A

Thoracic aorta

112
Q

Internal carotid supplies 80% of the ____

A

Cerebrum

113
Q

External artery supply most of the

A

external head structures

114
Q

Identify the principal artery:
Palpated to measure the pulse

A

Radial artery

115
Q

What are the 7 locations to feel the pulse (TB CR FPD)

A

Temporal
Brachial
Carotid
Radial
Femoral
Popliteal
Dorsalis pedis

116
Q

Identify the principal artery:
Area served at spleen

A

Splenic

117
Q

Identify the principal artery:
Area served at liver

A

Hepatic

118
Q

Identify the principal artery:
Area served at small intestines and colon

A

Superior mesenteric

119
Q

Identify the principal artery:
Area served at kidney

A

Renal

120
Q

Identify the principal artery:
Area served at lower abdomen

A

Common iliac

121
Q

Identify the principal artery:
Areas served at pelvis and bladder

A

Internal iliac

122
Q

Identify the principal artery:
Area served at groin and lower leg

A

External iliac

123
Q

Identify the principal artery:
Area served at groin

A

Femoral

124
Q

Identify the principal artery:
Area served at knee area

A

Popliteal

125
Q

Identify the principal artery:
Area served at anterior lower leg

A

Anterior tibias

126
Q

Identify the principal artery:
Area served at posterior lower leg

A

Posterior tibias

127
Q

Identify the principal artery:
Area served at ankle

A

Dorsalis pedis

128
Q

What are the major arteries that branch off the iliac arteries

A

Common iliac
Internal iliac
External iliac
Femoral
Popiteal
Anterior tibialis
Posterior tibialis
Dorsalis pedis

129
Q

Areas susceptible for injuries that can result to haemorrhage and nerve damage

A

Femoral triangle

130
Q

Femoral triangle are areas susceptible for injuries that can result to

A

haemorrhage and nerve damage

131
Q

can the pulse also be detected at femoral triangle

A

Yes

132
Q

It carry deoxygenated blood away from the capillaries to the heart

A

Veins

133
Q

Venus carry deoxygenated blood from the… To the…

A

Capillaries
Heart

134
Q

Why are the veins are much more thinner than these in arteries

A

As they do not need to withstand high pressure

135
Q

What are the 3 type of veins

A

Large veins
Middle veins
Venules

136
Q

Identify the type of vein:
It is a sized veins

A

Medial veins

137
Q

Identify the type of vein:
It collects blood from capillaries and drain into veins

A

Venules

138
Q

Identify the principal vein:
Area served at face

A

External jugular

139
Q

Identify the principal vein:
Area served at head and neck

A

Internal jugular

140
Q

Identify the principal vein:
Areas served at head and shoulder

A

Brachiocephelic

141
Q

Identify the principal vein:
Area served at shoulder and upper limbs

A

Subclavian

142
Q

Identify the principal vein:
Area served at upper part of the body

A

Superior vena cava

143
Q

Identify the principal vein:
Area served at lower part of the body and abdomen area

A

Inferior vena cava

144
Q

What are the 2 body’s main vein

A

Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava

145
Q

Identify the principal vein:
It receives most of the blood from brain and face

A

Internal jugular

146
Q

It has more superficial jugular vein

A

External jugular

147
Q

Identify the principal vein:
It receives blood from the head, shoulder and arms

A

Superior vena cava

148
Q

Identify the principal vein:
It receive blood from the lower body

A

Inferior vena cava

149
Q

Identify the principal vein:
Area served at shoulder and axilla

A

Cephalic

150
Q

Identify the principal vein:
Area served at upper arm

A

Brachial

151
Q

Identify the principal vein:
Area served at lower arm and wrist

A

Radial

152
Q

Identify the principal vein:
Area served at axilla

A

Axillary

153
Q

Identify the principal vein:
Area served at liver

A

Hepatic

154
Q

Identify the principal vein:
Area served at kidney

A

Renal

155
Q

Identify the principal vein:
Area served at organs of digestion

A

Hepatic portal

156
Q

Identify the principal vein:
Area served at spleen

A

Splenic

157
Q

Identify the principal vein:
Areas served at small intestine and colon

A

Superior mesenteric

158
Q

Identify the principal vein:
It is the most common site for blood extraction

A

Median cubital vein

159
Q

Identify the principal vein:
Frequent site for intravenous fluid

A

Cephalic

160
Q

Most common site for growing blood and blood extraction

A

Median cubical vein

161
Q

Medial cubical vein is a site for growing ___ and ___

A

Blood
Blood extraction

162
Q

It is the longest vein in the body. Harvested as a graft for coronal artery bypass sugery

A

Great saphenous

163
Q

Identify the principal vein:
Area at the upper leg

A

Great saphenous

164
Q

Identify the principal vein:
Area at upper leg and groin

A

Femoral

165
Q

Identify the principal vein:
Area at knee

A

Popliteal

166
Q

Identify the principal vein:
Area at posterior leg

A

Posterior tibialis

167
Q

Identify the principal vein:
Area at foot

A

Dorsal venous arch

168
Q

It is centrally located but the axis of symmetry is not in the middle

A

Heart

169
Q

The heart is located posteriorly between the ___ and the ____

A

2nd costal cartilage
6th costal cartilage

170
Q

It is the broadest part, at the upper right

A

Base

171
Q

It is the pointed end, at the lower left

A

Apex

172
Q

What are the 2 parts of the heart

A

Base
Apex

173
Q

Identify the part of the heart:
The great vessels center and leaves the heart

A

Base

174
Q

Identify the part of the heart:
It is the point of maximum impulse (strongest and loudest beat can be heard)

A

Apex

175
Q

It surrounds the heart

A

Pericardium

176
Q

The pericardium is the double layer of

A

Fibrous tissue

177
Q

What are the types of pericardium

A

Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium

178
Q

Identify the type of pericardium:
It is the outermost layer

A

Fibrous pericardium

179
Q

What are the 2 serous pericardium

A

Parietal layer
Visceral layer

180
Q

Identify the serous pericardium:
Covers the heart’s surface

A

Visceral layer

181
Q

Identify the serous pericardium:
Lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium

A

Parietal layer

182
Q

It contains lubricating fluid called pericardial fluid

A

Pericardial cavity

183
Q

Pericardial cavity contains lubricating fluid called…

A

Pericardial fluid

184
Q

Pericardial cavity is located in between

A

Parietal and visceral layer

185
Q

What is the function of the lubricating fluid in the pericardial fluid

A

Prevent 2 layer from rubbing each other and
Decrease the friction as the heart beats

186
Q

What are the structure of the heart wall

A

Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium

187
Q

Identify the structure of the heart wall:
Inner layer

A

Endocardium

188
Q

Identify the structure of the heart wall:
Middle layer

A

Myocardium

189
Q

Identify the structure of the heart wall:
Outer layer

A

Epicardium

190
Q

Identify the structure of the heart wall:
It covers the heart values and lines the heart’s chambers and blood vessels

A

Endocardium

191
Q

Endocardium consits of….

A

Squamous epithelial cells

192
Q

Identify the structure of the heart wall:
It is the thickest layer

A

Myocardium

193
Q

Myocardium consits of…

A

Cardiac muscle tissue

194
Q

Epicardium consits of…

A

Thin layer of squamous epithelial cells that covers the heart surface

195
Q

Identify the structure of the heart wall:
It is the visceral layer

A

Epicardium

196
Q

What are the 2 heart chambers

A

Right and left atrium
Right and left ventricle

197
Q

What are the upper chambers

A

Right and left atrium

198
Q

What are the lower chambers

A

Right and left ventricle

199
Q

What are the heart valves

A

Atrioventicular values
Semilunar valves

200
Q

What are the 2 artrioventicular valves

A

Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve

201
Q

What are the 2 semilunar valves

A

Pulmonary valves
Aortic valves

202
Q

Identify the atrioventricular valves:
Prevents back flow from RV to RA

A

Tricuspid valve

203
Q

Identify the atrioventricular valves:
Prevents back flow from LV to LA

A

Bicuspid valve

204
Q

Identify the semilunar valves:
Prevents back flow from PA to RV

A

Pulmonary valve

205
Q

Identify the semilunar valves:
Prevents back flow from aorta to LV

A

Aortic valve

206
Q

It brings deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from all parts of the body

A

Superior and inferior vena cava

207
Q

Takes blood away from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygen

A

Pulmonary artery

208
Q

Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

A

Pulmonary veins

209
Q

It takes blood away from the left ventricle to the rest of the body

A

Aorta

210
Q

It receives blood from the coronary veins and empties the blood into the right atrium

A

Coronary sinus

211
Q

What are the 2 type of circulation

A

Pulmonary
Systemic

212
Q

High blood pressure / silent killer

A

Hypertension

213
Q

A person is considered hypertensive if the systolic blood pressure is greater than… And the diastolic pressure is greater than…

A

140mm Hg
90mm Hg

214
Q

It is the whooshing sound when taking blood pressure

A

Korotkoff sound

215
Q

identify the disorder of blood:
decreased RBC count with abnormal hemaglobin

A

anemia

216
Q

identify the disorder of blood:
increase RBC count

A

polycythemia

217
Q

identify the disorder of blood:
increase RBC, WBC and platelets

A

polycythemia vera

218
Q

identify the disorder of blood:
elevated WBC count

A

leukocytosis

219
Q

identify the disorder of blood:
abnormally low WBC count

A

leukopenia

220
Q

identify the disorder of blood:
cancer of blood or bone marrow

A

leukemia

221
Q

identify the disorder of blood:
elevated platelet count

A

thrombocytosis

222
Q

identify the disorder of blood:
abnormally low platelet count

A

thrombocytopenia

223
Q

identify the disorder of blood:
formation of blood clot in a blood vessels

A

thrombosis

224
Q

identify the disorder of blood:
localized clotted mass of blood

A

hematoma

225
Q

identify the disorder of blood:
the ballooning out of artery caused by a weakening of blood vessels

A

aneurysm

226
Q

identify the disorder of blood:
arterial walls thicken

A

arteriosclerosis

227
Q

identify the disorder of blood:
deposit of fat form along the walls of the arteries

A

atherosclerosis

228
Q

identify the disorder of blood:
swollen veins result from a slowing of blood flow back to the heart

A

varicose veins

229
Q

it is a silent killer / high blood pressure

A

hypertension

230
Q

hypertension requires the heart to ______ than normal

A

work harder

231
Q

high blood pressure increases the risk for the _____

A

atherosclerosis

232
Q

it is measure when the heart contracts

A

systolic pressure

233
Q

it is measured when the heart relaxes, between beats

A

diastolic pressure

234
Q

it is a temporary heart condition that is brought on stressful situations

A

broken heart syndrome

235
Q

true or false
people with broken heart syndrome may have sudden chest pain or think they’re having a heart attack

A

true

236
Q

broken heart syndrome is also called

A

takotsubo cardiomyopathy

237
Q

identify the disease of the heart:
any change from normal rate of rhythm of the heart

A
238
Q

identify the disease of the heart:
slow heart rate (fewer than 60beats/ min)

A
239
Q

identify the disease of the heart:
rapid heart rate (more than 100 beats/ min)

A
240
Q

identify the disease of the heart:
indicates some defects in the valves of the heart

A
241
Q

identify the disease of the heart:
heart attack - caused by a lack oof blood supply to the myocardium

A

myocardial infarction

242
Q

identify the disease of the heart:
inflammation of the membrane that lines the heart and covers the walls -
inflammation of the outer membrane covering the heart -
inflammation of the heart muscles -

A

endocarditis
pericarditis
myocarditis

2023 SEM 1 ANAPHY (LAB) (15 decks)

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