Circulatory System Flashcards
The circulatory system is composed of
Blood
Vascular system (capillaries, veins, artery)
Heart
Functions of the circulatory system (CHED-T)
Carries blood
Helps regulate blood pressure
Exchange nutrients, waste products and gases with tissues
Direct blood flow to tissue
Transport substances
It is a cell regulating process in which living organism can maintain internal stability while adjusting to changes in external environment
Body homeostasis
What is the function of the blood
Transports fluid of the body
It transports fluid of the body
Blood
The blood is composed of
Plasma: 55% of the blood
Formed elements: 45% of the blood
The plasma is composed of
Water-91%
Protein-7%
Other solutes-2%
It is a liquid portion of blood without its cellular elements
Plasma
Plasma is a liquid portion of blood without it’s…
Cellular elements
It is the name given to a plasma after a blood clot is formed
Serum
Formed elements is composed of…
Buffy coat- 1%
Red blood cells - 99%
What are the 3 proteins that can be found in plasma
Fibrinogen
Albumin
Globulins
The formed elements are…
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
Erythrocytes
Red blood cells
Leukocytes
White blood cells
Thrombocytes
Platelets
Describe red blood cell
Biconcave shape
No nucleus
Cytoplasm densely filled with hemoglobin
What is the lifespan of the RBC
120 days
What is the total RBC count for male
4.5-6.2 × 10 12 /L
What is the total RBC count for female
4.2- 5.4 × 10 12 /L
It is the formation of blood cells
Hematopoiesis
What are the 3 main categories of blood cells
Red blood cell
White blood cell
Platelets
It is the process by which RBCs are produced
Erythropoiesis
It is the body’s natural defense against injury and disease
White blood cells
White blood cell has… But no…
Nucleus
Pigment
What are the types of WBC based on the density of their cytoplasmic granules
Granulocyte
Agranulocyte
It has granules and it is polymorphonuclear with 2 or more lobes
Granulocyte
No granules present but have azurophilic granules/ lysosomes
Agranulocyte
What are the polymorphonuclear with 2 or more lobes
Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
The nucleus of the agranulocytosis is usually …
Round
What are the examples of the agranulocyte WBC
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
What are the types of WBC based on their function
Phagocyte
Immunocyte
Identify the type of WBC based on their function:
Engulf bacteria, viruses, foreign particles etc
Phagocyte
Identify the type of WBC based on their function:
Involved in immune response of the body
Immunocyte
What are the examples of phagocyte
Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils
Monocytes
What is the percentage of neutrophils
50%-70%
What is the percentage of eosinophils
1%-4%
What is the percentage of basophils
0%-2%
What is the percentage of lymphocytes
20%-40%
What is the percentage of monocytes
2%-8%
Identify the WBC:
It has 3-5 nuclear lobes
Neutrophils
Identify the WBC:
It has 2 nuclear lobes (bi-lobed)
Eosinophils
Identify the WBC:
It has 2 nuclear lobes but it is often difficult to see
Basophils
Identify the WBC:
The specific granules stain is red-orange
Eosinophils
Identify the WBC:
The specific granules stain is light pink
Neutrophils
Identify the WBC:
The specific granules stain is blue black
Basophils
Identify the WBC:
Responds to bacterial infection
Neutrophils
Identify the WBC:
Responds to parasitic infection and allergy
Eosinophils
Identify the WBC:
It responds to hypersensitivity reactions through histamine release
Basophils
Identify the WBC:
It has spherical nucleus that stains dark blue
Lymphocytes
Identify the WBC:
It has indented, C shape, horse shoe or kidney shaped nucleus that stains blue
Monocytes
Identify the WBC:
It is responsible for long term immunity
Lymphocyte
Identify the WBC:
It phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, cell fragments and other debris within tissues
Monocytes
What are the 2 types of lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes
B-lymphocytes
Identify the type of lymphocytes:
Directly attack an infected or cancerous cell
T-lymphocytes
Identify the type of lymphocytes:
Produce antibodies against specific antigens
B-lymphocytes
Monocytes migrate into tissues where they transform into …
Macrophages
It is the largest blood cell in peripheral blood
Monocytes
T-lymphocytes is from
Thymus glands
B-lymphocytes synthesis in …
Bone marrow
It is the most abundant of the formed elements
Platelets
It is the fragments of larger bone marrow cells
Megakaryocytes
Platelets promotes..
Blood clotting
What is the life span of platelets
120 days
What is the platelet count
150 - 450 x 10 9 / L
How many layers do blood vessel walls have
3
What are the 3 layers of the blood vessels
Tunica interna / intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa / adventitia
It is the inner most layer of the blood vessel structure
Tunica interna/ intima
It is the middle layer of the blood vessel structure
Tunica media
It is the outer layer of the blood vessel structure
Tunica externa/ adventitia
It is the thickest layer of the blood vessel structure
Tunica media
Identify the layer of the blood vessel:
It has simple squamous epithelium and
Thin subendothelial layer of loose connective tissue
Tunica interna / intima
Identify the layer of the blood vessel:
It has smooth muscle and
External elastic tissue
Tunica media
Identify the layer of the blood vessel:
Type I collagen and
Elastic fibers
Tunica externa/ adventitia
Identity the tissues found in tunica intima
Simple sq. E
Thin subendothelial layer of loose CT
Identity the tissues / muscles found in tunica media
Smooth muscle
External elastic tissue
Identity the tissues / fibers found in tunica adventitia
Type I collagen
Elastic fibers
What is the function of smooth muscle and external elastic tissue in the tunica media
Allows the blood vessel to change in diameter
What’s the function of type 1 collagen and elastic fibers in the tunica adventitia
It supports and protects the blood vessels
What separates the tunica intima from the tunica media
Internal elastic lamina
The informal elastic Latina Is composed of…
Elastic fibers
It is the most common and the smallest blood vessels
Capillaries
Capillaries connects
Arterioles with venules
Capillaries is the metabolic exchange within the blood and surrounding tissues via…
Diffusion
What are the 3 types of capillaries
Continuous
Fenestrated
Sinusoidal
Identify the type of capillaries:
The most common type
Continuous capillaries
Identify the type of capillaries:
It has small circular fenestrae
Fenestrated capillaries
Identify the type of capillaries:
It permits maximal exchange of macromolecules
Sinusoidal capillaries
Sinusoidal capillaries is between ___ and ____
Tissues and the blood
Fenestrated capillaries can be found in
Kidneys
Intestines
Endocrine gland
The internal elastic lamina is composed of elastic fibers with holes that allow…
allows di usion of substances to know these cell in the blood vessel
It carries oxygenated blood to all parts of the body
Arteries
What are the 3 types of arteries
Elastic artery
Muscular artery
Arterioles
Identify the type of arteries:
Conducting arteries
Elastic artery
Identify the type of arteries:
Distributing arteries
Muscular artery
Identify the type of arteries:
It delivers blood to the capillaries
Arterioles
What is the largest in diameter and the thickest artery
Elastic artery
What is an example of an elastic artery
Aorta
What is the medium size and small in diameter artery
Muscular artery
What is the smallest artery
Arterioles
Why is the muscular arteries a distributing arteries
It carries blood away from the heart to other parts
Examples of muscular arteries
Brachii artery. Femoral artery, renal artery
Identify the principal artery:
Areas served at head and brain
Common carotid
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at brain
Internal carotid
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at face
External carotid
Identify the principal artery:
Areas served at spinal column and brain
Vertebral
Identify the principal artery:
Areas served at right arm, head and shoulder
Brachiocephalic
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at shoulder
Subclavian
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at axilla
Axillary
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at upper arm and elbow area
Brachial
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at chest cavity
Thoracic aorta
Internal carotid supplies 80% of the ____
Cerebrum
External artery supply most of the
external head structures
Identify the principal artery:
Palpated to measure the pulse
Radial artery
What are the 7 locations to feel the pulse (TB CR FPD)
Temporal
Brachial
Carotid
Radial
Femoral
Popliteal
Dorsalis pedis
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at spleen
Splenic
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at liver
Hepatic
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at small intestines and colon
Superior mesenteric
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at kidney
Renal
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at lower abdomen
Common iliac
Identify the principal artery:
Areas served at pelvis and bladder
Internal iliac
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at groin and lower leg
External iliac
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at groin
Femoral
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at knee area
Popliteal
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at anterior lower leg
Anterior tibias
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at posterior lower leg
Posterior tibias
Identify the principal artery:
Area served at ankle
Dorsalis pedis
What are the major arteries that branch off the iliac arteries
Common iliac
Internal iliac
External iliac
Femoral
Popiteal
Anterior tibialis
Posterior tibialis
Dorsalis pedis
Areas susceptible for injuries that can result to haemorrhage and nerve damage
Femoral triangle
Femoral triangle are areas susceptible for injuries that can result to
haemorrhage and nerve damage
can the pulse also be detected at femoral triangle
Yes
It carry deoxygenated blood away from the capillaries to the heart
Veins
Venus carry deoxygenated blood from the… To the…
Capillaries
Heart
Why are the veins are much more thinner than these in arteries
As they do not need to withstand high pressure
What are the 3 type of veins
Large veins
Middle veins
Venules
Identify the type of vein:
It is a sized veins
Medial veins
Identify the type of vein:
It collects blood from capillaries and drain into veins
Venules
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at face
External jugular
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at head and neck
Internal jugular
Identify the principal vein:
Areas served at head and shoulder
Brachiocephelic
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at shoulder and upper limbs
Subclavian
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at upper part of the body
Superior vena cava
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at lower part of the body and abdomen area
Inferior vena cava
What are the 2 body’s main vein
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Identify the principal vein:
It receives most of the blood from brain and face
Internal jugular
It has more superficial jugular vein
External jugular
Identify the principal vein:
It receives blood from the head, shoulder and arms
Superior vena cava
Identify the principal vein:
It receive blood from the lower body
Inferior vena cava
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at shoulder and axilla
Cephalic
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at upper arm
Brachial
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at lower arm and wrist
Radial
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at axilla
Axillary
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at liver
Hepatic
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at kidney
Renal
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at organs of digestion
Hepatic portal
Identify the principal vein:
Area served at spleen
Splenic
Identify the principal vein:
Areas served at small intestine and colon
Superior mesenteric
Identify the principal vein:
It is the most common site for blood extraction
Median cubital vein
Identify the principal vein:
Frequent site for intravenous fluid
Cephalic
Most common site for growing blood and blood extraction
Median cubical vein
Medial cubical vein is a site for growing ___ and ___
Blood
Blood extraction
It is the longest vein in the body. Harvested as a graft for coronal artery bypass sugery
Great saphenous
Identify the principal vein:
Area at the upper leg
Great saphenous
Identify the principal vein:
Area at upper leg and groin
Femoral
Identify the principal vein:
Area at knee
Popliteal
Identify the principal vein:
Area at posterior leg
Posterior tibialis
Identify the principal vein:
Area at foot
Dorsal venous arch
It is centrally located but the axis of symmetry is not in the middle
Heart
The heart is located posteriorly between the ___ and the ____
2nd costal cartilage
6th costal cartilage
It is the broadest part, at the upper right
Base
It is the pointed end, at the lower left
Apex
What are the 2 parts of the heart
Base
Apex
Identify the part of the heart:
The great vessels center and leaves the heart
Base
Identify the part of the heart:
It is the point of maximum impulse (strongest and loudest beat can be heard)
Apex
It surrounds the heart
Pericardium
The pericardium is the double layer of
Fibrous tissue
What are the types of pericardium
Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium
Identify the type of pericardium:
It is the outermost layer
Fibrous pericardium
What are the 2 serous pericardium
Parietal layer
Visceral layer
Identify the serous pericardium:
Covers the heart’s surface
Visceral layer
Identify the serous pericardium:
Lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium
Parietal layer
It contains lubricating fluid called pericardial fluid
Pericardial cavity
Pericardial cavity contains lubricating fluid called…
Pericardial fluid
Pericardial cavity is located in between
Parietal and visceral layer
What is the function of the lubricating fluid in the pericardial fluid
Prevent 2 layer from rubbing each other and
Decrease the friction as the heart beats
What are the structure of the heart wall
Endocardium
Myocardium
Epicardium
Identify the structure of the heart wall:
Inner layer
Endocardium
Identify the structure of the heart wall:
Middle layer
Myocardium
Identify the structure of the heart wall:
Outer layer
Epicardium
Identify the structure of the heart wall:
It covers the heart values and lines the heart’s chambers and blood vessels
Endocardium
Endocardium consits of….
Squamous epithelial cells
Identify the structure of the heart wall:
It is the thickest layer
Myocardium
Myocardium consits of…
Cardiac muscle tissue
Epicardium consits of…
Thin layer of squamous epithelial cells that covers the heart surface
Identify the structure of the heart wall:
It is the visceral layer
Epicardium
What are the 2 heart chambers
Right and left atrium
Right and left ventricle
What are the upper chambers
Right and left atrium
What are the lower chambers
Right and left ventricle
What are the heart valves
Atrioventicular values
Semilunar valves
What are the 2 artrioventicular valves
Tricuspid valve
Bicuspid valve
What are the 2 semilunar valves
Pulmonary valves
Aortic valves
Identify the atrioventricular valves:
Prevents back flow from RV to RA
Tricuspid valve
Identify the atrioventricular valves:
Prevents back flow from LV to LA
Bicuspid valve
Identify the semilunar valves:
Prevents back flow from PA to RV
Pulmonary valve
Identify the semilunar valves:
Prevents back flow from aorta to LV
Aortic valve
It brings deoxygenated blood to the right atrium from all parts of the body
Superior and inferior vena cava
Takes blood away from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygen
Pulmonary artery
Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
Pulmonary veins
It takes blood away from the left ventricle to the rest of the body
Aorta
It receives blood from the coronary veins and empties the blood into the right atrium
Coronary sinus
What are the 2 type of circulation
Pulmonary
Systemic
High blood pressure / silent killer
Hypertension
A person is considered hypertensive if the systolic blood pressure is greater than… And the diastolic pressure is greater than…
140mm Hg
90mm Hg
It is the whooshing sound when taking blood pressure
Korotkoff sound
identify the disorder of blood:
decreased RBC count with abnormal hemaglobin
anemia
identify the disorder of blood:
increase RBC count
polycythemia
identify the disorder of blood:
increase RBC, WBC and platelets
polycythemia vera
identify the disorder of blood:
elevated WBC count
leukocytosis
identify the disorder of blood:
abnormally low WBC count
leukopenia
identify the disorder of blood:
cancer of blood or bone marrow
leukemia
identify the disorder of blood:
elevated platelet count
thrombocytosis
identify the disorder of blood:
abnormally low platelet count
thrombocytopenia
identify the disorder of blood:
formation of blood clot in a blood vessels
thrombosis
identify the disorder of blood:
localized clotted mass of blood
hematoma
identify the disorder of blood:
the ballooning out of artery caused by a weakening of blood vessels
aneurysm
identify the disorder of blood:
arterial walls thicken
arteriosclerosis
identify the disorder of blood:
deposit of fat form along the walls of the arteries
atherosclerosis
identify the disorder of blood:
swollen veins result from a slowing of blood flow back to the heart
varicose veins
it is a silent killer / high blood pressure
hypertension
hypertension requires the heart to ______ than normal
work harder
high blood pressure increases the risk for the _____
atherosclerosis
it is measure when the heart contracts
systolic pressure
it is measured when the heart relaxes, between beats
diastolic pressure
it is a temporary heart condition that is brought on stressful situations
broken heart syndrome
true or false
people with broken heart syndrome may have sudden chest pain or think they’re having a heart attack
true
broken heart syndrome is also called
takotsubo cardiomyopathy
identify the disease of the heart:
any change from normal rate of rhythm of the heart
identify the disease of the heart:
slow heart rate (fewer than 60beats/ min)
identify the disease of the heart:
rapid heart rate (more than 100 beats/ min)
identify the disease of the heart:
indicates some defects in the valves of the heart
identify the disease of the heart:
heart attack - caused by a lack oof blood supply to the myocardium
myocardial infarction
identify the disease of the heart:
inflammation of the membrane that lines the heart and covers the walls -
inflammation of the outer membrane covering the heart -
inflammation of the heart muscles -
endocarditis
pericarditis
myocarditis
