Digestive System Flashcards
What are the digestive/ alimentary tract (MPESSLA)
mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus
What are the accessory organs of the digestive system
teeth
tongue
liver
salivary glands
pancreas
gallbladder
It is the study of digestive tract
gastroenterology
What are the functions of the digestive system
ingestion
mastication
propulsion (swallowing, peristalsis, mass movements)
mixing
secretion
absorption
elimination
In the functions of the digestive system:
What is the ingestion tube
oral cavity
In the functions of the digestive system:
It is the process where teeth chew food into the stomach
mastication
In the functions of the digestive system:
It is the start of mechanical digestion
mastication
In the functions of the digestive system:
It is the movement of food from one end to another
propulsion
In the functions of the digestive system:
What is the total time it takes to travel the whole of digestive tract
24-36 hours
In the functions of the digestive system:
What are the 3 movements in Propulsion
swallowing
peristalsis
mass movements
In the functions of the digestive system:
Swallowing is also known as
deglutition
In the functions of the digestive system, identify the movement of soft mass of food from oral cavity to esophagus
swallowing
In the functions of the digestive system, identify the movement of muscular contractions that propel materials through most of digestive tract
peristalsis
In the functions of the digestive system:
It is the movement that produce the peristalsis
peristaltic waves
In the functions of the digestive system, identify the movement of contractions that move in some part of the large intestine to the anus
mass movements
In the functions of the digestive system:
it lubricates/ liquidify the digestive food as it moves through the digestive tract
secretion
it is being secreted throughout the digestive tract
mucus
why is the mucus is being secreted throughout the body
to lubricate the food and the linings of the digestive tract
protects the epithelium cells of digestive system tract from mechanical abrasion
In the functions of the digestive system:
it is the breakdown of large food molecules to component parts
digestion
In the functions of the digestive system:
it is the movement of molecules out of the digestive tract and into blood/ lymphatic vessels
absorption
In the functions of the digestive system:
it is where the waste products are removed in the body
elimination
In the functions of the digestive system:
absorption is the movement of molecules out of the digestive tract and into the ____ or ______
blood
lymphatic vessels
In the functions of the digestive system:
elimination is where _____ and _____ reabsorbs and change material in digestive tract from liquefied to feces
water and salts
define defection
process of elimination
what are the 4 tissues of the digestive tract
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa
tissue layers of the digestive tract:
innermost layer
mucosa
tissue layers of the digestive tract:
thickest layer of connective tissue
submucosa
tissue layers of the digestive tract:
outermost layer
serosa
tissue layers of the digestive tract:
what are the 3 layers of the mucosa
mucous epithelium
lamina propria (loose CT)
muscularis mucosae (smooth muscles)
tissue layers of the digestive tract:
submucosa contains ____, ____, ____ and _____
nerves
glands
blood vessels
lymphatic vessels
tissue layers of the digestive tract:
regularly contracts and relaxes to propel food
muscularis
tissue layers of the digestive tract:
it covers the portion of the digestive tract within the peritoneal cavity
serosa
tissue layers of the digestive tract:
what are the 2 layer of smooth muscles of the muscularis
circular muscle layer
longitudinal layer
tissue layers of the digestive tract:
in the smooth muscles of the muscularis, which is the outer layer
longitudinal muscle layer
tissue layers of the digestive tract:
in the smooth muscles of the muscularis, which is the inner layer
circular muscular layer
serosa is also known as the
visceral peritoneum
tissue layers of the digestive tract:
what is the function of the mucosa
secretes mucus, digestive enzymes and hormones
absorbs end product to the blood
protect against infectious disease
it is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity
peritoneum
it attaches and anchors the intestines in place
mesentery
why do the mesentery attaches and anchors the intestines in place
so that the intestines wont twist when the body changes position
why do peritoneal cavity usually contains empty spaces
so that in case of accidents/ trauma, the empty spaces will be filled with fluids called ascites
mesentery has a layer of ______ that suspends digestive organs within the abdominal cavity
visceral peritoneum
mesentery has their own _____, ______, _____, ______
blood vessels
nerves
lymphatic vessels
lymph nodes
what is the function of the lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels in the mesentery
contribute to immune system for digestive tract
where does the chemical and mechanical digestion begins
mouth
mouth is also known as the
oral cavity or
buccal cavity
in the mouth:
it protects the anterior opening of the oral cavity
lips
in the mouth:
the lips are muscular structures formed by the _____ and ____
orbicularis oris muscle
connective tissues
in the mouth:
it forms the floor of the mouth
tongue
in the mouth:
the tongue has ____
taste buds with projections
in the mouth:
the tongue has taste buds with projection called
lamina papillae
in the mouth:
hard palate is formed by the portions of _____ and _____ bones
maxillae bone
palatine bone
in the mouth:
it separates the mouth from the nasal cavity
hard palate
in the mouth:
it forms an arch between the mouth and nasopharynx
soft palate
in the mouth:
smooth palate consists of mostly
skeletal muscle
in the mouth:
it anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth
lingual frenulum
in the mouth:
lingual frenulum consists many ________ that populates the floor of the mouth
superficial blood vessels
in the mouth:
it is a cone-shaped process
uvula
in the mouth:
uvula hangs downward from the ______
soft palate
it is the process where the digestion begins when food enters the mouth and is chewed
mastication
how many permanent/ secondary teeth does adult have
32
in the teeth:
what are the 2 dental arches
mandibular arch
maxillary arch
in the teeth:
what are the 4 types of teeth
incisors
canine teeth
premolar
molar
in the teeth:
it has sharp edges that cuts the food
incisors
in the teeth:
it is designed to tear food
canine teeth
in the teeth:
it is the cone shaped teeth
canine teeth
in the teeth:
it has large, flat surfaces for crushing/ grinding
molars
in the teeth:
it has broad crown with rounded cusps
fine grinding of food
molars
in the teeth:
it has grinding surfaces
premolars
in the teeth:
each quadrant of the mouth consist of
incisors -
canine teeth -
premolar -
molar -
incisors - 2
canine teeth - 1
premolar - 2
molar - 3
in the teeth:
each arch consists of how many teeth
16
in the teeth:
it is the wisdom tooth
third molar
in the teeth:
the third molar usually appear in the ______
late 20s or teens
in the teeth:
it may be impacted and may cause pain/ irritation
hence needs to remove surgically
wisdom teeth
in the teeth:
primary teeth can be also known as
baby teeth
milk teeth
it is the first set of teeth that human developed
deciduous teeth
in the teeth:
the primary teeth will erupt about age of ________, usually emerge until age of ________
8-6 months
2 1/2 years
in the teeth:
at what age where the teeth will be shredded by the body, replaced by permanent teeth
6-13 years old
in the teeth:
what are the 3 divisions of the tooth anatomy
crown
neck
root
the tooth anatomy:
above the gum
crown
the tooth anatomy:
boundary between crown and root
neck
the tooth anatomy:
embedded portion of the tool in the bones
root
the tooth anatomy:
it covers the crown surface
emanel
the tooth anatomy:
enamel consists of 95%-97% _____
inorganic calcium salts
the tooth anatomy:
it is a yellowish tissue
dentin
the tooth anatomy:
it is a cell that produce and maintain the dentin
odontoblast
the tooth anatomy:
it surrounds the dentin
pulp cavity
the tooth anatomy:
it lines the root of the teeth
cementum
the tooth anatomy:
it holds tooth in tooth sockets, exerts cushioning effect
periodontal ligament
the tooth anatomy:
cementum attaches the tooth to the _______
periodontal ligament
the tooth anatomy:
the pulp contains ______, _______, ______ and ______.
this is where the _______ came from
connective tissues, lymphatic vessels, blood and nerves
salivary gland secretes
saliva
saliva contains
mucous
amylase
how much saliva do we secrete
1litre
what stimulates the salivation
smell of food
thoughts of food
it moistens the mouth and lubricates and protects the teeth
salivary gland
salivary glands moisten food and transform into a mass called _____
bolus
salivary glands contains 2 enzymes, ______and ______
amylase
lipase
amylase breaks down
starch
lipase begins the digestion of
fat
3 types of salivary gland
parotid gland
sublingual gland
submandibular gland
identify the salivary gland:
lie just underneath the skin anterior to the ear
parotid gland
identify the salivary gland:
drains through multiple ducts onto the floor of the mouth
sublingual gland
identify the salivary gland:
empties into the mouth on either side of the lingual frenulum
submandibular gland
identify the salivary gland:
produce amylase and other enzyme
parotid gland
submandibular gland
identify the salivary gland:
produce majority mucus
sublingual gland
what are the secretions in the oral cavity
salivary amylase
mucus
serous saliva
lingual lipase
oral cavity secretions:
function of serous saliva
moisten food and mucous membrane neutralize bacterial acids
oral cavity secretions:
function of mucus
lubricates food and protects the digestive tract
oral cavity secretions:
function of lingual lipase
digest minor amt. of lipids
oral cavity secretions:
function of salivary amylase
digest starch
what are the 3 parts of the pharynx
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
which part of the pharynx usually transmits food
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
during swallowing, it closes the opening of the trachea
epiglottis
why does the epiglottis closes the opening of the trachea
so that the food can enter the larngopharynx
is swallowing a voluntary or involuntary action
voluntary
during the process of deglutition, the soft palate closes the _____, while the epiglottis closes the ______
nasopharynx
trachea
it is the burning sensation from acid entering back to the esophagus
heartburn
it connects the pharynx to the stomach
esophagus
how long is the esophagus
10 inch (25cm)
it is a muscular sphincters that help prevent the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus
lower esophageal sphincter
lower esophageal sphincter prevent the back flow of _____ to the ______
stomach acid
esophagus
esophagus secretes _____
mucus
what is the function of mucus in the esophagus
lubricates food and protect the lining of the digestive tract from abrasing and allowing the food to move slowly
esophagus travels to the ______ then penetrates the _______ the enters the _________
mediastinum
diaphragm
stomach