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2023 SEM 1 ANAPHY (LAB) > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the digestive/ alimentary tract (MPESSLA)

A

mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
anus

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2
Q

What are the accessory organs of the digestive system

A

teeth
tongue
liver
salivary glands
pancreas
gallbladder

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3
Q

It is the study of digestive tract

A

gastroenterology

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4
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system

A

ingestion
mastication
propulsion (swallowing, peristalsis, mass movements)
mixing
secretion
absorption
elimination

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5
Q

In the functions of the digestive system:
What is the ingestion tube

A

oral cavity

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6
Q

In the functions of the digestive system:
It is the process where teeth chew food into the stomach

A

mastication

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7
Q

In the functions of the digestive system:
It is the start of mechanical digestion

A

mastication

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8
Q

In the functions of the digestive system:
It is the movement of food from one end to another

A

propulsion

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9
Q

In the functions of the digestive system:
What is the total time it takes to travel the whole of digestive tract

A

24-36 hours

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10
Q

In the functions of the digestive system:
What are the 3 movements in Propulsion

A

swallowing
peristalsis
mass movements

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11
Q

In the functions of the digestive system:
Swallowing is also known as

A

deglutition

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12
Q

In the functions of the digestive system, identify the movement of soft mass of food from oral cavity to esophagus

A

swallowing

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13
Q

In the functions of the digestive system, identify the movement of muscular contractions that propel materials through most of digestive tract

A

peristalsis

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14
Q

In the functions of the digestive system:
It is the movement that produce the peristalsis

A

peristaltic waves

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15
Q

In the functions of the digestive system, identify the movement of contractions that move in some part of the large intestine to the anus

A

mass movements

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16
Q

In the functions of the digestive system:
it lubricates/ liquidify the digestive food as it moves through the digestive tract

A

secretion

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17
Q

it is being secreted throughout the digestive tract

A

mucus

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18
Q

why is the mucus is being secreted throughout the body

A

to lubricate the food and the linings of the digestive tract
protects the epithelium cells of digestive system tract from mechanical abrasion

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19
Q

In the functions of the digestive system:
it is the breakdown of large food molecules to component parts

A

digestion

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20
Q

In the functions of the digestive system:
it is the movement of molecules out of the digestive tract and into blood/ lymphatic vessels

A

absorption

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21
Q

In the functions of the digestive system:
it is where the waste products are removed in the body

A

elimination

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22
Q

In the functions of the digestive system:
absorption is the movement of molecules out of the digestive tract and into the ____ or ______

A

blood
lymphatic vessels

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23
Q

In the functions of the digestive system:
elimination is where _____ and _____ reabsorbs and change material in digestive tract from liquefied to feces

A

water and salts

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24
Q

define defection

A

process of elimination

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25
Q

what are the 4 tissues of the digestive tract

A

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa

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26
Q

tissue layers of the digestive tract:
innermost layer

A

mucosa

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27
Q

tissue layers of the digestive tract:
thickest layer of connective tissue

A

submucosa

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28
Q

tissue layers of the digestive tract:
outermost layer

A

serosa

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29
Q

tissue layers of the digestive tract:
what are the 3 layers of the mucosa

A

mucous epithelium
lamina propria (loose CT)
muscularis mucosae (smooth muscles)

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29
Q

tissue layers of the digestive tract:
submucosa contains ____, ____, ____ and _____

A

nerves
glands
blood vessels
lymphatic vessels

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30
Q

tissue layers of the digestive tract:
regularly contracts and relaxes to propel food

A

muscularis

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30
Q

tissue layers of the digestive tract:
it covers the portion of the digestive tract within the peritoneal cavity

A

serosa

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31
Q

tissue layers of the digestive tract:
what are the 2 layer of smooth muscles of the muscularis

A

circular muscle layer
longitudinal layer

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31
Q

tissue layers of the digestive tract:
in the smooth muscles of the muscularis, which is the outer layer

A

longitudinal muscle layer

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32
Q

tissue layers of the digestive tract:
in the smooth muscles of the muscularis, which is the inner layer

A

circular muscular layer

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32
Q

serosa is also known as the

A

visceral peritoneum

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33
Q

tissue layers of the digestive tract:
what is the function of the mucosa

A

secretes mucus, digestive enzymes and hormones
absorbs end product to the blood
protect against infectious disease

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34
Q

it is the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

A

peritoneum

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35
Q

it attaches and anchors the intestines in place

A

mesentery

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36
Q

why do the mesentery attaches and anchors the intestines in place

A

so that the intestines wont twist when the body changes position

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37
Q

why do peritoneal cavity usually contains empty spaces

A

so that in case of accidents/ trauma, the empty spaces will be filled with fluids called ascites

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38
Q

mesentery has a layer of ______ that suspends digestive organs within the abdominal cavity

A

visceral peritoneum

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39
Q

mesentery has their own _____, ______, _____, ______

A

blood vessels
nerves
lymphatic vessels
lymph nodes

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40
Q

what is the function of the lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels in the mesentery

A

contribute to immune system for digestive tract

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41
Q

where does the chemical and mechanical digestion begins

A

mouth

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42
Q

mouth is also known as the

A

oral cavity or
buccal cavity

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43
Q

in the mouth:
it protects the anterior opening of the oral cavity

A

lips

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44
Q

in the mouth:
the lips are muscular structures formed by the _____ and ____

A

orbicularis oris muscle
connective tissues

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45
Q

in the mouth:
it forms the floor of the mouth

A

tongue

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46
Q

in the mouth:
the tongue has ____

A

taste buds with projections

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47
Q

in the mouth:
the tongue has taste buds with projection called

A

lamina papillae

48
Q

in the mouth:
hard palate is formed by the portions of _____ and _____ bones

A

maxillae bone
palatine bone

49
Q

in the mouth:
it separates the mouth from the nasal cavity

A

hard palate

50
Q

in the mouth:
it forms an arch between the mouth and nasopharynx

A

soft palate

51
Q

in the mouth:
smooth palate consists of mostly

A

skeletal muscle

52
Q

in the mouth:
it anchors the tongue to the floor of the mouth

A

lingual frenulum

53
Q

in the mouth:
lingual frenulum consists many ________ that populates the floor of the mouth

A

superficial blood vessels

54
Q

in the mouth:
it is a cone-shaped process

A

uvula

55
Q

in the mouth:
uvula hangs downward from the ______

A

soft palate

56
Q

it is the process where the digestion begins when food enters the mouth and is chewed

A

mastication

57
Q

how many permanent/ secondary teeth does adult have

A

32

58
Q

in the teeth:
what are the 2 dental arches

A

mandibular arch
maxillary arch

59
Q

in the teeth:
what are the 4 types of teeth

A

incisors
canine teeth
premolar
molar

60
Q

in the teeth:
it has sharp edges that cuts the food

A

incisors

61
Q

in the teeth:
it is designed to tear food

A

canine teeth

62
Q

in the teeth:
it is the cone shaped teeth

A

canine teeth

63
Q

in the teeth:
it has large, flat surfaces for crushing/ grinding

A

molars

64
Q

in the teeth:
it has broad crown with rounded cusps
fine grinding of food

A

molars

65
Q

in the teeth:
it has grinding surfaces

A

premolars

66
Q

in the teeth:
each quadrant of the mouth consist of
incisors -
canine teeth -
premolar -
molar -

A

incisors - 2
canine teeth - 1
premolar - 2
molar - 3

67
Q

in the teeth:
each arch consists of how many teeth

A

16

68
Q

in the teeth:
it is the wisdom tooth

A

third molar

69
Q

in the teeth:
the third molar usually appear in the ______

A

late 20s or teens

70
Q

in the teeth:
it may be impacted and may cause pain/ irritation
hence needs to remove surgically

A

wisdom teeth

71
Q

in the teeth:
primary teeth can be also known as

A

baby teeth
milk teeth

72
Q

it is the first set of teeth that human developed

A

deciduous teeth

73
Q

in the teeth:
the primary teeth will erupt about age of ________, usually emerge until age of ________

A

8-6 months
2 1/2 years

74
Q

in the teeth:
at what age where the teeth will be shredded by the body, replaced by permanent teeth

A

6-13 years old

75
Q

in the teeth:
what are the 3 divisions of the tooth anatomy

A

crown
neck
root

76
Q

the tooth anatomy:
above the gum

A

crown

77
Q

the tooth anatomy:
boundary between crown and root

A

neck

78
Q

the tooth anatomy:
embedded portion of the tool in the bones

A

root

79
Q

the tooth anatomy:
it covers the crown surface

A

emanel

80
Q

the tooth anatomy:
enamel consists of 95%-97% _____

A

inorganic calcium salts

81
Q

the tooth anatomy:
it is a yellowish tissue

A

dentin

82
Q

the tooth anatomy:
it is a cell that produce and maintain the dentin

A

odontoblast

83
Q

the tooth anatomy:
it surrounds the dentin

A

pulp cavity

84
Q

the tooth anatomy:
it lines the root of the teeth

A

cementum

85
Q

the tooth anatomy:
it holds tooth in tooth sockets, exerts cushioning effect

A

periodontal ligament

86
Q

the tooth anatomy:
cementum attaches the tooth to the _______

A

periodontal ligament

87
Q

the tooth anatomy:
the pulp contains ______, _______, ______ and ______.
this is where the _______ came from

A

connective tissues, lymphatic vessels, blood and nerves

88
Q

salivary gland secretes

A

saliva

89
Q

saliva contains

A

mucous
amylase

90
Q

how much saliva do we secrete

A

1litre

91
Q

what stimulates the salivation

A

smell of food
thoughts of food

92
Q

it moistens the mouth and lubricates and protects the teeth

A

salivary gland

93
Q

salivary glands moisten food and transform into a mass called _____

A

bolus

94
Q

salivary glands contains 2 enzymes, ______and ______

A

amylase
lipase

95
Q

amylase breaks down

A

starch

96
Q

lipase begins the digestion of

A

fat

97
Q

3 types of salivary gland

A

parotid gland
sublingual gland
submandibular gland

98
Q

identify the salivary gland:
lie just underneath the skin anterior to the ear

A

parotid gland

99
Q

identify the salivary gland:
drains through multiple ducts onto the floor of the mouth

A

sublingual gland

100
Q

identify the salivary gland:
empties into the mouth on either side of the lingual frenulum

A

submandibular gland

101
Q

identify the salivary gland:
produce amylase and other enzyme

A

parotid gland
submandibular gland

102
Q

identify the salivary gland:
produce majority mucus

A

sublingual gland

103
Q

what are the secretions in the oral cavity

A

salivary amylase
mucus
serous saliva
lingual lipase

104
Q

oral cavity secretions:
function of serous saliva

A

moisten food and mucous membrane neutralize bacterial acids

105
Q

oral cavity secretions:
function of mucus

A

lubricates food and protects the digestive tract

106
Q

oral cavity secretions:
function of lingual lipase

A

digest minor amt. of lipids

107
Q

oral cavity secretions:
function of salivary amylase

A

digest starch

108
Q

what are the 3 parts of the pharynx

A

nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx

109
Q

which part of the pharynx usually transmits food

A

oropharynx
laryngopharynx

110
Q

during swallowing, it closes the opening of the trachea

A

epiglottis

111
Q

why does the epiglottis closes the opening of the trachea

A

so that the food can enter the larngopharynx

112
Q

is swallowing a voluntary or involuntary action

A

voluntary

113
Q

during the process of deglutition, the soft palate closes the _____, while the epiglottis closes the ______

A

nasopharynx
trachea

114
Q

it is the burning sensation from acid entering back to the esophagus

A

heartburn

115
Q

it connects the pharynx to the stomach

A

esophagus

116
Q

how long is the esophagus

A

10 inch (25cm)

117
Q

it is a muscular sphincters that help prevent the backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus

A

lower esophageal sphincter

118
Q

lower esophageal sphincter prevent the back flow of _____ to the ______

A

stomach acid
esophagus

119
Q

esophagus secretes _____

A

mucus

120
Q

what is the function of mucus in the esophagus

A

lubricates food and protect the lining of the digestive tract from abrasing and allowing the food to move slowly

121
Q

esophagus travels to the ______ then penetrates the _______ the enters the _________

A

mediastinum
diaphragm
stomach

122
Q
A

2023 SEM 1 ANAPHY (LAB) (15 decks)

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