Integumentary System Flashcards
1
Q
the integumentary system consists of..
A
skin
hair
nails
glands
2
Q
what are the 2 types of glands
A
sweat glands
sebaceous glands
3
Q
what is your “first line of defense”
A
skin
4
Q
what are the functions of skin
A
protection
sensation
temp regulation
vitamin D regulation
5
Q
what is the largest organ of the body
A
skin
6
Q
what are the layers of the skin
A
epidermis
dermis
hypodermis
7
Q
what is the weight of the skin
A
6-8 lbs
8
Q
what is the surface area of the skin
A
20 square feet
9
Q
which layer is the thin layer of the skin
A
epidermis
10
Q
which layer is the outer part of the skin
A
epidermis
11
Q
epidermis resist the…
A
resist the abrasion of skin surfaces
12
Q
which layer of the skin prevent water loss
A
epidermis
13
Q
what structure is the epidermis
A
keratinized stratified squamous
14
Q
what is the middle layer of the skin
A
dermis
15
Q
what is the structure of the dermis
A
irregular CT
16
Q
why is the dermis structure an irregular CT
A
as it can withstand the pressure
17
Q
what is the structure of the hypodermis
A
adipose tissue
18
Q
what is the function of the adipose tissue in hypodermis
A
connects your dermis to the muscles
19
Q
what is the superficial layer of your skin
A
epidermis
20
Q
examples of thick skins are
A
soles, palms and lips
21
Q
where is the blood vessels located at the layers of the skin
A
dermis
22
Q
feathers, hair, claws, nails and horns etc of animals are the examples of cells or structures of tissues that undergoes
A
keratinization
23
Q
what is the sublayer of epidermis before the dermis
A
stratum basale
24
Q
how many layers do thick skin have
A
5 layers
25
how many layers do thin skin have
4 layers
26
what is not included in the thin layer of skin
stratum lucidum
27
epidermis receives... and secretes...
nutrients
waste products
28
which layer of the skin is avascular
epidermis
29
what are the 5 sub layers of the skin (come lets get sunburnt)
stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
30
what are the cells present in the dermis
fibroblasts
macrophages
mast cells
white blood cells
adipocytes
31
which cells in the dermis that produce keratin
keratinocytes
32
which cells in the dermis that produce melanin
melanocytes
33
what is responsible for the skin, hair and eye color in the body
melanin
34
what are langerhans cells
Provides protection for the skin
35
what is the other term of merkel cells
Merkel-Ranvier Cells
36
stratum basale is also known as
Stratum germinativum
37
which has thicker stratum corneum? thick or thin skin
thick skin
38
the basement membrane connects the
epidermis and dermis together
39
where is the lamellar bodies formed at
stratum spinosum
40
what are membrane-bound organelles called
lamellar bodies
41
keratinocytes contain..
keratohyalin
42
stratum granolusm is composed of layers of
keratinocytes that contain keratohyalin
43
in the stratum lucidum, keratohyalin becomes...
eleidin
44
once eleidin reaches the stratum corneum, they are converted to
keratin
45
corn usually happens at the
feet
46
is melanin a cell
no
47
melanocytes is a cell that produce
melanin
48
darker or light skin produce more melanin
darker skin
49
what does melanin do
it gives protection to prevent UV light from damaging the skin
50
melanosomes is 'eaten' by
keratinocytes
51
what are the factors that affect the color of the skin
types of melanin produced
amount of melanin produced
size of melanosomes (melanin-filled vesicles in cells)
number of melanosomes
distribution of melanosomes
52
what can increase the production of the melanin
UV light
53
flushed skin at cheek, what flows more at that part
blood
54
yellowish skin color may happen when there is too much intake of...
carotene
55
what is hepatitis
liver damage, thus bile increases + yellow coloration of skin
56
fingerprint and footprints
improve the grip strength
57
cleavage lines is the...
'direction' of your skin
58
the outer layer of the dead, hard cells after keratinization can resist...
abrasion and forms a permeability barrier
59
the epidermis is anchored to the basement membrane by
hemidesmosomes
60
what is stratum spinosum shape
appears to be spiny
61
what is the shape of stratum granulosum
flattened, diamond shape
62
what is a thin clear zone above the stratum graulosum
stratum lucidum
63
how many layers of dead cells present at the stratum corneum
25
64
stratum corneum is composed of 25or more layers of dead, overlapping squamous cells joined by..
desmosomes
65
stratum corneum consists of
cornified cells
66
what are cornified cells
they are dead keratinocytes with a hard protein envelope, filled with protein keratin
67
hair is only found in
thin skin
68
when skin is subjected to pressure or friction ,what forms when the stratum corneum of the epidermis increase in thickness
callus
69
what is the skin over body prominences develop a cone-shaped structure
corn
70
what are the factors that determine the skin color of the skin
pigments in the skin
blood circulating through the skin
thickness of the stratum corneum
71
what is the group of pigments responsible for skin,hair and eye color
melanin
72
what provides protection against UV light from the sun
melanin
73
melanocytes produce and package melanin into vesicles called
melanosomes
74
recessive genetic trait that results from an inability to produce tyrosinase. The result is a deficiency or an absence of pigment in the skin, the hair, and the irises of the eyes
albinism
75
what is a condition in which the skin turns a reddish hue when
the amount of blood flowing through the skin increases
erythema
76
a decrease in blood flow that can make skin pale and decrease in blood oxygen content
cyanosis
77
what is a yellow pigement found in plants
carotene
78
what are the nutrients found at carotene
vitamin A
79
what is the smooth muscle associated with each hair follicle
arrector pili
80
arrector pili muscles move into a more perpendicular position when it
contracts
81
sebaceous glands produces
sebum
82
what gland produces sebum
sebaceous glands
83
what is the purpose of sebum
prevents drying and protects against some bacteria
84
what are the 2 types of sweat glands
eccrine glands and apocrine glands
85
what kind of sweat glands is odourless
sweat glands
86
where can eccrine glands be found in the body
most parts of the body
87
where can apocrine glands be found in the body
axillary (armpit)
genitalia
88
what kind of sweat glands is smelly [body odour]
apocrine glands
89
why is apocrine glands smelly
as it is mixed with bacteria. thus, produce the body odour
90
ceruminous glands produce
cerumen
91
what protects the tympanic membrane by preventing dirt and small insects from moving too deeply into the ear canal
cerumen and hairs in the ear canal
92
what are the modified apocrine sweat glands
mammary glands
93
where can mammary glands be found
in the breasts
94
which layer do mitosis occur in the epidermis
stratum basale
95
where do keratinization take place
stratum corneum
96
what is the thickest layer of the skin
dermis
97
what is the structure of dermis
dense collagenous connnective tissue (irregular)
98
dermis consists of
nerves
hair follicles
smooth muscle
glands
lymphatic vessels
99
what are the cells found in the dermis
fibroblast (CT)
macrophages
mast calls
WBC
100
what are the different fiber type in the dermis
collagen
elastic
reticular
101
what is the purpose of collagen fiber in the dermis
strengthen tissues
102
what is the purpose of elastic fiber in the dermis
elasticity
103
what is the purpose of reticular fiber in the dermis
binds collagen and elastic
104
what are the main functions of the dermis
stores much of body's supply of water
regulate body temp
supplies nutrients to the epidermis
105
it is the projection on the upper part of dermis which extends toward the dermis
dermal papillae
106
it contains many blood vessels
dermal papillae
107
it forms fingerprints in the palm and sole
dermal papillae
108
what does it mean that dermis is highly vascularized
it has many blood vessels
109
what are the 2 layers of the dermis
papillary layer
reticular layer
110
what are the functions of the papillary layer
regulate body temp
supplies nutrients to epidermis
111
what can be found in reticular layer
accessory structure (hair and glands)
112
which layer of the dermis provide structure and elasticity
reticular layer
113
what is the structure of reticular layer
dense irregular connective tissue
114
what is the structure of papillary layer
loose connective tissue
115
stretch marks can be found at
reticular layyer
116
what is the medical term of stretch marks
striae
117
hypodermis is also known as “.... layer”
subcutaneous
118
what is the network of hypodermis
adipose tissue and collagen
119
what tissues are found in the hypodermis
loose connective tissue (to connect)
adipose tissue
120
what are the function of hypodermis (SIS)
shock absorber
insulation
storage of fats for energy reserve
121
hair obtained colour because of ___ with a mixture of ___
melanin
keratin
122
what are the 2 major type of hair
vellus hair and terminal hair
123
describe vellus hair
short and thin
124
describe terminal hair
thick and heavily pigmented
125
where can terminal hair be found
pubic area, eyebrow, eyelash, underarm
126
bleaching of hair removes the ... in the ...
keratin and melanin in the cortex
127
what are the concentric layer of the hair
medulla
cortex
cuticle
128
what is the arrector pili muscle structure
smooth muscle
129
arrector pili muscle reacts with...
cold temp
and strong emotions (fear)
130
where can be the nails be found
stratum corneum (epidermis)
131
nails has different .... such as ....
minerals
calcium
132
what is the visible nail matrix called
lunula
133
what is the structure after the cuticle
eponychium
134
nails grow at an average rate of ...
0.5 - 1.2 mm per day
135
nails grows faster on...
your dominant hand
136
why does the nail grow faster on your dominant hand
because it serves as a protection mechanism to the body
137
what are your immune cells
Langerhans cells
138
function of merkel cells
responsible for sensation (detect light touch and superficial pressure)
139
avascular
no blood vessels
140
avascular layer of the skin
epidermis
141
what are the functions of the integ system that declines with age (do U want dry feet)
dry skin
uneven pigmentation
wrinkled skin
decreased sensitivity
flattening of dermal
142
what are the functions of integumentary system (STEPV)
sensory perception
thermoregulation
excretion
protection
vitamin D production
143
what are the 4 glands
sweat
sebaceous
ceruminous
mammary
144
what are the 2 sweat glands
eccrine/ merocrine
apocrine
145
what contains in the sebaceous gland
sebocytes
sebum - secretes lipids / sebum oils
146
what is the secretion of eccrine glands
isotonic fluid with salt
147
what is the secretion of apocrine glands
3-methyl-2hexanoic acid
148
identify the sweat glands:
majority of our sweat glands
eccrine glands
149
identify the sweat glands:
genitals and armpits
apocrine glands
150
it its the modified eccrine glands
ceruminious glands
151
where is ceruminous glands located at
external auditory canal
152
what is known as ear wax
cerumen
153
name the gland that is present in the breast
mammary gland
154
it is the modified apocrine glands
mammary gland
