Integumentary System Flashcards
the integumentary system consists of..
skin
hair
nails
glands
what are the 2 types of glands
sweat glands
sebaceous glands
what is your “first line of defense”
skin
what are the functions of skin
protection
sensation
temp regulation
vitamin D regulation
what is the largest organ of the body
skin
what are the layers of the skin
epidermis
dermis
hypodermis
what is the weight of the skin
6-8 lbs
what is the surface area of the skin
20 square feet
which layer is the thin layer of the skin
epidermis
which layer is the outer part of the skin
epidermis
epidermis resist the…
resist the abrasion of skin surfaces
which layer of the skin prevent water loss
epidermis
what structure is the epidermis
keratinized stratified squamous
what is the middle layer of the skin
dermis
what is the structure of the dermis
irregular CT
why is the dermis structure an irregular CT
as it can withstand the pressure
what is the structure of the hypodermis
adipose tissue
what is the function of the adipose tissue in hypodermis
connects your dermis to the muscles
what is the superficial layer of your skin
epidermis
examples of thick skins are
soles, palms and lips
where is the blood vessels located at the layers of the skin
dermis
feathers, hair, claws, nails and horns etc of animals are the examples of cells or structures of tissues that undergoes
keratinization
what is the sublayer of epidermis before the dermis
stratum basale
how many layers do thick skin have
5 layers
how many layers do thin skin have
4 layers
what is not included in the thin layer of skin
stratum lucidum
epidermis receives… and secretes…
nutrients
waste products
which layer of the skin is avascular
epidermis
what are the 5 sub layers of the skin (come lets get sunburnt)
stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
what are the cells present in the dermis
fibroblasts
macrophages
mast cells
white blood cells
adipocytes
which cells in the dermis that produce keratin
keratinocytes
which cells in the dermis that produce melanin
melanocytes
what is responsible for the skin, hair and eye color in the body
melanin
what are langerhans cells
Provides protection for the skin
what is the other term of merkel cells
Merkel-Ranvier Cells
stratum basale is also known as
Stratum germinativum
which has thicker stratum corneum? thick or thin skin
thick skin
the basement membrane connects the
epidermis and dermis together
where is the lamellar bodies formed at
stratum spinosum
what are membrane-bound organelles called
lamellar bodies
keratinocytes contain..
keratohyalin
stratum granolusm is composed of layers of
keratinocytes that contain keratohyalin
in the stratum lucidum, keratohyalin becomes…
eleidin
once eleidin reaches the stratum corneum, they are converted to
keratin
corn usually happens at the
feet
is melanin a cell
no
melanocytes is a cell that produce
melanin
darker or light skin produce more melanin
darker skin
what does melanin do
it gives protection to prevent UV light from damaging the skin
melanosomes is ‘eaten’ by
keratinocytes
what are the factors that affect the color of the skin
types of melanin produced
amount of melanin produced
size of melanosomes (melanin-filled vesicles in cells)
number of melanosomes
distribution of melanosomes
what can increase the production of the melanin
UV light
flushed skin at cheek, what flows more at that part
blood
yellowish skin color may happen when there is too much intake of…
carotene
what is hepatitis
liver damage, thus bile increases + yellow coloration of skin
fingerprint and footprints
improve the grip strength
cleavage lines is the…
‘direction’ of your skin
the outer layer of the dead, hard cells after keratinization can resist…
abrasion and forms a permeability barrier
the epidermis is anchored to the basement membrane by
hemidesmosomes
what is stratum spinosum shape
appears to be spiny
what is the shape of stratum granulosum
flattened, diamond shape
what is a thin clear zone above the stratum graulosum
stratum lucidum
how many layers of dead cells present at the stratum corneum
25
stratum corneum is composed of 25or more layers of dead, overlapping squamous cells joined by..
desmosomes
stratum corneum consists of
cornified cells
what are cornified cells
they are dead keratinocytes with a hard protein envelope, filled with protein keratin
hair is only found in
thin skin
when skin is subjected to pressure or friction ,what forms when the stratum corneum of the epidermis increase in thickness
callus
what is the skin over body prominences develop a cone-shaped structure
corn
what are the factors that determine the skin color of the skin
pigments in the skin
blood circulating through the skin
thickness of the stratum corneum
what is the group of pigments responsible for skin,hair and eye color
melanin
what provides protection against UV light from the sun
melanin
melanocytes produce and package melanin into vesicles called
melanosomes
recessive genetic trait that results from an inability to produce tyrosinase. The result is a deficiency or an absence of pigment in the skin, the hair, and the irises of the eyes
albinism
what is a condition in which the skin turns a reddish hue when
the amount of blood flowing through the skin increases
erythema
a decrease in blood flow that can make skin pale and decrease in blood oxygen content
cyanosis
what is a yellow pigement found in plants
carotene
what are the nutrients found at carotene
vitamin A
what is the smooth muscle associated with each hair follicle
arrector pili
arrector pili muscles move into a more perpendicular position when it
contracts
sebaceous glands produces
sebum
what gland produces sebum
sebaceous glands
what is the purpose of sebum
prevents drying and protects against some bacteria
what are the 2 types of sweat glands
eccrine glands and apocrine glands
what kind of sweat glands is odourless
sweat glands
where can eccrine glands be found in the body
most parts of the body
where can apocrine glands be found in the body
axillary (armpit)
genitalia
what kind of sweat glands is smelly [body odour]
apocrine glands
why is apocrine glands smelly
as it is mixed with bacteria. thus, produce the body odour
ceruminous glands produce
cerumen
what protects the tympanic membrane by preventing dirt and small insects from moving too deeply into the ear canal
cerumen and hairs in the ear canal
what are the modified apocrine sweat glands
mammary glands
where can mammary glands be found
in the breasts
which layer do mitosis occur in the epidermis
stratum basale
where do keratinization take place
stratum corneum
what is the thickest layer of the skin
dermis
what is the structure of dermis
dense collagenous connnective tissue (irregular)
dermis consists of
nerves
hair follicles
smooth muscle
glands
lymphatic vessels
what are the cells found in the dermis
fibroblast (CT)
macrophages
mast calls
WBC
what are the different fiber type in the dermis
collagen
elastic
reticular
what is the purpose of collagen fiber in the dermis
strengthen tissues
what is the purpose of elastic fiber in the dermis
elasticity
what is the purpose of reticular fiber in the dermis
binds collagen and elastic
what are the main functions of the dermis
stores much of body’s supply of water
regulate body temp
supplies nutrients to the epidermis
it is the projection on the upper part of dermis which extends toward the dermis
dermal papillae
it contains many blood vessels
dermal papillae
it forms fingerprints in the palm and sole
dermal papillae
what does it mean that dermis is highly vascularized
it has many blood vessels
what are the 2 layers of the dermis
papillary layer
reticular layer
what are the functions of the papillary layer
regulate body temp
supplies nutrients to epidermis
what can be found in reticular layer
accessory structure (hair and glands)
which layer of the dermis provide structure and elasticity
reticular layer
what is the structure of reticular layer
dense irregular connective tissue
what is the structure of papillary layer
loose connective tissue
stretch marks can be found at
reticular layyer
what is the medical term of stretch marks
striae
hypodermis is also known as “…. layer”
subcutaneous
what is the network of hypodermis
adipose tissue and collagen
what tissues are found in the hypodermis
loose connective tissue (to connect)
adipose tissue
what are the function of hypodermis (SIS)
shock absorber
insulation
storage of fats for energy reserve
hair obtained colour because of ___ with a mixture of ___
melanin
keratin
what are the 2 major type of hair
vellus hair and terminal hair
describe vellus hair
short and thin
describe terminal hair
thick and heavily pigmented
where can terminal hair be found
pubic area, eyebrow, eyelash, underarm
bleaching of hair removes the … in the …
keratin and melanin in the cortex
what are the concentric layer of the hair
medulla
cortex
cuticle
what is the arrector pili muscle structure
smooth muscle
arrector pili muscle reacts with…
cold temp
and strong emotions (fear)
where can be the nails be found
stratum corneum (epidermis)
nails has different …. such as ….
minerals
calcium
what is the visible nail matrix called
lunula
what is the structure after the cuticle
eponychium
nails grow at an average rate of …
0.5 - 1.2 mm per day
nails grows faster on…
your dominant hand
why does the nail grow faster on your dominant hand
because it serves as a protection mechanism to the body
what are your immune cells
Langerhans cells
function of merkel cells
responsible for sensation (detect light touch and superficial pressure)
avascular
no blood vessels
avascular layer of the skin
epidermis
what are the functions of the integ system that declines with age (do U want dry feet)
dry skin
uneven pigmentation
wrinkled skin
decreased sensitivity
flattening of dermal
what are the functions of integumentary system (STEPV)
sensory perception
thermoregulation
excretion
protection
vitamin D production
what are the 4 glands
sweat
sebaceous
ceruminous
mammary
what are the 2 sweat glands
eccrine/ merocrine
apocrine
what contains in the sebaceous gland
sebocytes
sebum - secretes lipids / sebum oils
what is the secretion of eccrine glands
isotonic fluid with salt
what is the secretion of apocrine glands
3-methyl-2hexanoic acid
identify the sweat glands:
majority of our sweat glands
eccrine glands
identify the sweat glands:
genitals and armpits
apocrine glands
it its the modified eccrine glands
ceruminious glands
where is ceruminous glands located at
external auditory canal
what is known as ear wax
cerumen
name the gland that is present in the breast
mammary gland
it is the modified apocrine glands
mammary gland
