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2023 SEM 1 ANAPHY (LAB) > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

muscle attachment sites:
Which muscle is attached to a stationary bone

A

Origin

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2
Q

muscle attachment sites:
Is a thick midsection of the muscle

A

Belly

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3
Q

coordination among muscle:
major responsible for a certain movement

A

Prime mover

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4
Q

coordination among muscle:
Muscle that assist

A

Synergist

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5
Q

coordination among muscle:
Muscles that reverse a prime mover

A

Antagonist

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6
Q

isotonic and isometric contractions:
The contractions which the tension in muscles remains the same and muscle shortens

A

Isotonic contractions

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7
Q

isotonic and isometric contractions:
The contractions which the tension in muscles increases and muscle does not shorten

A

Isometric contractions

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8
Q

Types of isotonic contractions:
As muscle shortens, it generates enough force to move an object

A

Concentric isotonic

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9
Q

Type of isotonic contractions:
length of muscle increases during contraction

A

Eccentric contractions

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10
Q

Identify the body movement:
Decrease in angle between arculating bones

A

Flexion

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11
Q

Identify the body movement:
Increase in angle between articulating bones

A

Extension

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12
Q

Identify the body movement:
Extension beyond anatomical position

A

Hyperextension

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13
Q

Identify the body movement:
Bone revolves around its own … axis

A

Rotation

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14
Q

Identify the body movement:
Away from midline

A

Abduction

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15
Q

Identify the body movement:
Movement of distal end of a body part in a circle

A

Circumduction

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16
Q

enumerate the function of the muscular tissue

A

movement of the body
stabilizing body positions
generating heat
communication
storing and moving the substances within the body

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17
Q

identify the function of muscular tissue:
walking or running

A

movement of the body

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18
Q

identify the function of muscular tissue:
skeletal muscle contracts = stabilizes yr joints + maintain body position

A

stabilizing body positions

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19
Q

identify the function of muscular tissue:
muscular contracts thus they generate heat (called thermogenesis)

A

generating heat

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20
Q

identify the function of muscular tissue:
muscle moves according to stimulus (action potential)

A

communication

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21
Q

identify the function of muscular tissue:
cardiac muscles contracts, pumps blood from heart to other parts of the body
and
sphincters contracts to prevent the outflow of contents from hollow organs

A

storing and moving substances within the body

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22
Q

what are sphincters

A

ring like bands of smooth muscles

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23
Q

what is the cell shape of smooth muscular tissue

A

spindle-shaped

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23
Q

what is the cell shape of cardiac muscular tissue

A

cylindrical
branched

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24
Q

what is the cell shape of skeletal muscular tissue

A

v. long cylindrical
unbranched

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25
Q

how many nucleus are there and where is it located at cardiac muscular tissue

A

single
centrally located

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26
Q

how many nucleus are there and where is it located at smooth muscular tissue

A

single
centrally located

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27
Q

how many nucleus are there and where is it located at skeletal muscular tissue

A

multiple
peripherally located

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28
Q

which muscular tissue are striated

A

cardiac and skeletal

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29
Q

which muscular tissue are nonstriated

A

smooth

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30
Q

which muscular tissue is a voluntary movement

A

skeletal

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31
Q

which muscular tissue is an involuntary movement

A

cardiac and smooth

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32
Q

what are the 2 muscle tissue that has specialized cells

A

cardiac muscle
smooth muscle

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33
Q

which muscular tissue has intercalated disk and what is the function

A

cardiac
join cells to one another

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34
Q

which muscular tissue has gap junctions and its function

A

smooth
to join cells to one another

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35
Q

what are the 4 properties of muscular tissue

A

contractility
excitability
extensibility
elasticity

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36
Q

in properties of muscular tissue,
which is able to generate tension to do work

A

contractility

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37
Q

in properties of muscular tissue,
which is able to respond to a stimuli (electrical signals)

A

excitability

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38
Q

in properties of muscular tissue,
which is able to extend within limits w/o damage

A

extensibility

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39
Q

in properties of muscular tissue,
which is able to return to its original shape after contraction or extension

A

elasticity

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40
Q

in the structure of skeletal muscle tissue,
what are the 3 layers of connective tissues

A

endomysium
perimysium
epimysium

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41
Q

in the structure of skeletal muscle tissue,
which contains reticular fibers

A

endomysium

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42
Q

in the structure of skeletal muscle tissue,
which has dense irregular CT

A

epimysium
perimysium

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43
Q

in the structure of skeletal muscle tissue,
which layer of CT covers each muscle fibers

A

endomysium

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44
Q

in the structure of skeletal muscle tissue,
which layer of CT covers the fascicles

A

perimysium

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45
Q

in the structure of skeletal muscle tissue,
which layer of CT covers the entire skeletal muscle

A

epimysium

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46
Q

in the structure of skeletal muscle tissue,
what are muscle fibers

A

it is a skeletal muscle cell
(myocytes)

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47
Q

in the structure of skeletal muscle tissue,
which CT is the innermost layer of CT that covers the muscle fiber

A

endomysium

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48
Q

in the structure of skeletal muscle tissue,
what are fascicles

A

bundle of muscle fibers
10-100MF

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49
Q

in the structure of skeletal muscle tissue,
what are fascia

A

dense irregular CT
holds muscle with similar functions

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50
Q

coordination among muscle:
why do antagonist muscle reverse a prime mover

A

to prevent joint injury by moderating speed and range of movement

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51
Q

identify the superior body movement:
superior

A

elevation

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52
Q

identify the superior body movement:
inferior

A

depression

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53
Q

identify the superior body movement:
anterior

A

protraction

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54
Q

identify the superior body movement:
posterior

A

retraction

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55
Q

identify the superior body movement:
movement of sole, medial

A

inversion

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56
Q

identify the superior body movement:
movement of sole, lateral

A

eversion

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57
Q

identify the superior body movement:
bending of foot, dorsum

A

dorsiflexion

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58
Q

identify the superior body movement:
bending of foot, plantar surface

A

plantar flexion

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59
Q

identify the superior body movement:
movement of forearm, palm (anteriorly)

A

supination

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60
Q

identify the superior body movement:
movement of forearm, palm (posteriorly)

A

pronation

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61
Q

identify the superior body movement:
movement of thumb across palm to touch fingertips on the same hand

A

opposition

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62
Q

identify the superior body movement:
what are the 2 movement of sole

A

inversion
eversion

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63
Q

identify the superior body movement:
what are the 2 movement of bending of foot

A

dorsiflexion
plantar flexion

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64
Q

identify the superior body movement:
what are the 2 movement of forearm

A

supination
pronation

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65
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what are the 3 direction term

A

rectus
transversus
oblique

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66
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what are the 6 size term

A

maximus
minimus
major
minor
longus
brevis

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67
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of rectus

A

straight

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68
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of transversus

A

across

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69
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of oblique

A

diagonal

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70
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of maximus

A

largest

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71
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of minimus

A

smallest

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72
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of major

A

large

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73
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of minor

A

small

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74
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of longus

A

longest

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75
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of brevis

A

shortest

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76
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of pectoralis

A

chest

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77
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of brachio-

A

upper arm

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78
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of radialis

A

radius

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79
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of gluteus

A

butock

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80
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of femoris

A

femur

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81
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of the term biceps

A

2 origins

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82
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of the term triceps

A

3 origins

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83
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of the term quadriceps

A

4 origins

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84
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of the term deltoid

A

triangular

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85
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of the term rhomboid

A

diamond-shaped

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86
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of the term serratus

A

saw-toothed

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87
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of the term trapezius

A

trapezoid

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88
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of the term adductor

A

adducts

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89
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of the term abductor

A

abducts

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90
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of the term flexor

A

flexes

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91
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of the term extensor

A

extends

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92
Q

naming of skeletal muscles:
what is the meaning of the term levator

A

elevates

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93
Q

in the structure of skeletal muscle tissue,
what are the 2 types of fascia

A

deep
superficial

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94
Q

in the structure of skeletal muscle tissue,
which fascia lies between your muscle

A

deep

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95
Q

in the structure of skeletal muscle tissue,
which fascia lies between your skin

A

superficial (hypodermis)

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96
Q

identify the body movement :
inversion
eversion

A

movement of sole

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97
Q

identify the body movement :
dorsiflexion
plantar flexion

A

movement of bending of foot

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98
Q

identify the body movement :
supination
pronation

A

movement of forearm

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99
Q

what are the 5 muscles of facial expression

A

frontalis
orbicularis oculi
zygomaticus
buccinator
orbicularis oris

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100
Q

frontalis
orbicularis oculi
zygomaticus
buccinator
orbicularis oris
these following are the muscles of…

A

facial expressions

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101
Q

identify the muscles of head and neck,
raise eyebrows

A

frontalis

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102
Q

identify the muscles of head and neck,
closes eye “blinking muscles”

A

orbicularis oculi

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103
Q

identify the muscles of head and neck,
mouth move upwards when smiling “laughing muscles”

A

zygomaticus

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104
Q

identify the muscles of head and neck,
compresses cheek “assist in smiling and blowing”

A

buccinator

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105
Q

identify the muscles of head and neck,
“kissing muscles”

A

orbicularis oris

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106
Q

identify the muscles of head and neck,
raise jaw
elevates and retracts mandible

A

temporalis

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107
Q

identify the muscles of head and neck,
closes jaw
elevates and protracts mandible

A

masseter

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108
Q

identify the muscles of head and neck,
“praying muscle”
rotates head to opposite sides
flexes the head

A

sternocleidomastoid

109
Q

identify the muscles of head and neck,
look upwards
extends head

A

trapezius

110
Q

what are the 4 muscles of the tongue

A

genioglossus
palatoglossus
styloglossus
hyoglossus

111
Q

identify the muscles of the tongue,
retracts

A

styloglossus
hyoglossus

112
Q

identify the muscles of the tongue,
protrudes the toungue

A

genioglossus

113
Q

identify the muscles of the tongue,
elevates posterior tongue

A

palatoglossus

114
Q

what is the smallest muscle

A

stapedius muscle

115
Q

where is the stapedius muscles located at

A

middle of the ear

116
Q

identify the muscles of the trunk,
inhale-> compresses thorax

A

external intercoastal

117
Q

identify the muscles of the trunk,
exhale -> extends thorax

A

internal intercoastal

118
Q

identify the muscles of the trunk,
enlarge thorax to trigger forced inspiration

A

diaphragm

119
Q

which muscles in the muscle of the trunk that lies superficially between the ribs

A

external intercoastal

120
Q

which muscles in the muscle of the trunk that lies deeper than your external intercoastal

A

internal intercoastal

121
Q

what are the muscles that forms the abdominal wall

A

external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis
rectus abdominis

122
Q

identify the muscles forming the abdominal wall,
compresses the abdomen

A

external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominis

123
Q

identify the muscles forming the abdominal wall,
“bending laterally”

A

external oblique

124
Q

identify the muscles forming the abdominal wall,
“bending forward”

A

rectus abdominis

125
Q

identify the muscles forming the abdominal wall,
stabilizes spine and maintain posture

A

internal oblique

126
Q

what is the function of internal oblique in the muscles forming the abdominal wall,

A

stabilizes spine, maintain posture, and waist rotation

127
Q

identify the anterior muscles of shoulders and upper arm,
abducts, flexes, rotates arm (AFRA)
(walking/running)

A

deltoid

128
Q

identify the anterior muscles of shoulders and upper arm,
flexes and adducts the upper arm
(climbing/ hugging)

A

pectoralis major

129
Q

identify the anterior muscles of shoulders and upper arm,
pushing movements
pulls shoulder down
protects scapula

A

serratus anterior

130
Q

what is the function of deltoid

A

abducts, flexes, rotates arm (AFRA)
(walking/running)

131
Q

what is the function of pectoralis major

A

flexes and adducts the upper arm (FA)
(climbing/ hugging)

132
Q

what is the function of serratus anterior

A

pushing movements
pulls shoulder down
protects scapula

133
Q

in the structure of the skeletal muscle fiber,
what is the plasma membrane

A

sarcolemma

134
Q

in the structure of the skeletal muscle fiber,
what is the cytoplasm

A

sarcoplasm

135
Q

in the structure of the skeletal muscle fiber,
what is the smooth ER of the muscle

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

136
Q

in the structure of the skeletal muscle fiber,
what is the function of sarcolemma

A

resting potential/ electrical charge
outer membrane of the long cylindrical muscle fibers

137
Q

in the structure of the skeletal muscle fiber,
what is the function of sarcoplasm

A

has glycogen - stores in the form of glucose
has myoglobin - contains O2 (red-colored)

138
Q

in the structure of the skeletal muscle fiber,
what is the function of myofibrils

A

contractile organelle
stores glycogen
has a lot of striations

139
Q

in the structure of the skeletal muscle fiber,
what is the function of transverse tubules

A

filled with interstitial fluid
allows electrical impulse to travel deep into the cell

140
Q

in the structure of the skeletal muscle fiber,
what is the function of sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

surrounds each myofibrils
if your muscles is…
* relaxed - stores Ca2+ ions
* stimuli - releases Ca2+ ions

141
Q

in the structure of the skeletal muscle fiber,
what extends across the sarcoplasm

A

T tubules

142
Q

in the structure of the skeletal muscle fiber,
which is the contractile organelle of skeletal muscles

A

myofibrilis

143
Q

in the structure of the skeletal muscle fiber,
what is the outer membrane of the long cylindrical muscle fibers

A

sarcolemma

144
Q

in the structure of the skeletal muscle fiber,
which organelle surrounds each myofibrils

A

sarcoplasmic reticulum

145
Q

in the structure of the skeletal muscle fiber,
what are the 3 kind of proteins

A

contractile protein
regulatory protein
structural protein

146
Q

in the structure of the skeletal muscle fiber,
name the contractile proteins

A

actin
myosin

147
Q

in the structure of the skeletal muscle fiber,
name the structural proteins

A

nebulin, a-actin, titin, myomesin, and dystropin

148
Q

in the structure of the skeletal muscle fiber,
name the regulatory proteins

A

troponin
tropomyosin

149
Q

in the structure of the skeletal muscle fiber,
what kind of protein that generate force to contract

A

contractile protein

150
Q

in the structure of the skeletal muscle fiber,
what kind of protein that switch contraction on and off

A

regulatory protein

151
Q

in the structure of the skeletal muscle fiber,
what kind of protein that keep thick and thin filaments in proper alignment

A

structural protein

152
Q

in the structure of the skeletal muscle fiber,
what kind of protein that gives myofibril elasticity and extensibility

A

structural protein

153
Q

in the structure of the skeletal muscle fiber,
what kind of protein that links myofibril to the sarcolemma and extracellular matrix

A

structural protein

154
Q

in the structure of the skeletal muscle fiber,
what is sarcomere

A

basic functional unit of myofibril

155
Q

which component of the sarcomere has thick filament

A

H zone

156
Q

which component of the sarcomere is at the middle of the sarcomere

A

M line

157
Q

which component of the sarcomere is darker in color

A

A band

158
Q

which component of the sarcomere is light in color

A

I band

159
Q

why does I band in sarcomere has a lighter color than A band

A

as it has no filament

160
Q

which component separates sarcomere from one another

A

Z disc

161
Q

in structural protein, what are the functions of titin

A

connects the z disc to m line
to stabilize the thick filament

162
Q

in structural protein, what are the functions of a-actin

A

attaches the actin molecules of thin filament and titin molecule

163
Q

what is the structural protein of z disk

A

a-actin

164
Q

in structural protein, what is the function of myomesin

A

firms the m line of sarcomere

165
Q

in structural protein, what is the functions of nebulin

A

regulate the length of the thin filament during development

166
Q

which structural protein that anchors thin filament to z disc

A

nebulin

167
Q

which structural protein that connects the z disc to m line and to stabilize the thick filament

A

titin

168
Q

which structural protein that attaches the actin molecules of thin filament and titin molecule

A

a-actin

169
Q

which structural protein that firms the m line of sarcomere

A

myomesin

170
Q

which structural protein that regulate the length of the thin filament during development

A

nebulin

171
Q

which structural protein that links thin filament of sarcomere to integral protein in sarcolemma

A

dystrophin

172
Q

in the structure of the skeletal muscle fiber,
what are the 2 myofilaments

A

thick myofilaments
thin myofilaments

173
Q

thin myofilaments consists of

A

actin (contractile protein) - string of beads
troponin and tropomyosin (regulatory protein)

174
Q

identify the skeletal attachment,
muscle fibers emerge with the periosteum of the bone

A

direct attachment

175
Q

define periosteum

A

outer layer of the bone

176
Q

identify the skeletal attachment,
epimysium extends past the muscles as a tendon and merge with the periosteum

A

indirect attachment

177
Q

what is indirect attachment

A

epimysium extends past the muscles as a tendon and merge with the periosteum

178
Q

what is direct attachment

A

muscle fibers emerge with the periosteum of the bone

179
Q

what are the 2 tendons

A

tendon
aponeurosis

180
Q

identify the type of tendon:
rope like in shape

A

tendon

181
Q

identify the type of tendon:
wide and flat

A

aponeurosis

182
Q

identify the posterior muscles of shoulders and upper arm,
flexes and adducts
raise and lower the shoulder
stabilizes the scapula
(FARLS)

A

trapezius

183
Q

identify the posterior muscles of shoulders and upper arm,
grasp object overhead
adducts humerus
extends upper arm backwards
(GAE)

A

latissimus dorsi

184
Q

which muscle is your swimmer’s muscle

A

latissimus dorsi

185
Q

name all the muscles of the rotator cuff in the muscles of shoulders and upper arm

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
subscapularis
teres minor

186
Q

what is the function of latissimus dorsi (gae)

A

grasp object overhead
adducts humerus
extends upper arm backwards

187
Q

what is the function of trapezius (FARLS)

A

flexes and adducts
raise and lower the shoulder
stabilizes the scapula

188
Q

what is the function of supraspinatus in the posterior muscles of shoulders and upper arm

A

assist deltoids

189
Q

what is the function of infraspinatus in the posterior muscles of shoulders and upper arm

A

laterally rotates the arm at shoulder joints

190
Q

what is the function of teres minor in the posterior muscles of shoulders and upper arm

A

laterally rotates and can extend the arm at shoulder joints

191
Q

what are the muscles that move the forearm

A

biceps brachii
brachialis
brachioradialis
triceps brachii
pronator muscle
supinator muscle

192
Q

in the muscles that move the forearm,
what is the function of biceps brachii

A

assist brachialis
flexes elbow
supinates forearm

193
Q

in the muscles that move the forearm,
what is the function of brachialis

A

prime mover when flexing the forearm

194
Q

in the muscles that move the forearm,
what is the function of brachioradialis

A

assist biceps brachii and brachialis

195
Q

in the muscles that move the forearm,
what is the function of pronator muscle

A

moves palm posteriorly

196
Q

in the muscles that move the forearm,
what is the function of triceps brachii

A

prime mover when extending the forearm

197
Q

in the muscles that move the forearm,
what is the function of supinator muscle

A

moves palm anteriorly

198
Q

identify the muscles that move the forearm:
assist brachialis
flexes elbow
supinates forearm

A

biceps brachii

199
Q

identify the muscles that move the forearm:
prime mover when flexing the forearm

A

brachialis

200
Q

identify the muscles that move the forearm:
assist biceps brachii and brachialis

A

brachioradialis

201
Q

identify the muscles that move the forearm:
prime mover when extending the forearm

A

triceps brachii

202
Q

identify the muscles that move the forearm:
moves palm posteriorly

A

pronator muscle

203
Q

identify the muscles that move the forearm:
moves palm anteriorly

A

supinator muscle

204
Q

what are the 6 muscles acting on the hip and thigh
(I saw Andrea quietly get high )

A

iliopsoas
sartorius
adductor muscle
quadriceps femoris
gluteal muscle
hamstring

205
Q

what are the 2 iliopsoas muscle

A

iliacus
psoas major

206
Q

what is the main function of iliopsoas muscle

A

flex thigh opposing to gluteus maximus

207
Q

what is “tailor’s muscle”

A

sartorius

208
Q

what is the function of sartorius muscle (LAFAL)

A

longest muscle in the body
aids in flexion of hips and knees
abducts and laterally rotate the thigh

209
Q

identify the muscles acting on hips and thigh:
flex thigh opposing to gluteus maximus

A

iliopsoas

210
Q

identify the muscles acting on hips and thigh:
aids in flexion of hips and knees
abducts and laterally rotate the thigh

A

sartorius muscle

211
Q

what is the longest muscle in the body

A

sartorius muscle

212
Q

name all the adductor muscles (MLB G)

A

adductor mangus
adductor brevis
adductor longus
gracilis

213
Q

what is the function of the adductor ‘MLB’ muscles?

A

rotate and draw the thigh in towards the body

214
Q

what is the function of the gracilis muscle

A

adducts thigh

215
Q

identify the muscle acting on the hip and thigh:
rotate and draw thigh in towards the body

A

adductor mangus
adductor brevis
adductor longus

216
Q

identify the muscle acting on the hip and thigh:
adducts the thigh

A

adductor longus
gracilis

217
Q

which muscles in the hips and thighs that connects to the femur

A

adductor mangus
adductor brevis
adductor longus

218
Q

name all the muscles in the quadriceps femoris

A

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius

219
Q

which muscle is the most powerful

A

quadriceps femoris

220
Q

which muscles in the quadriceps femoris act alone

A

rectus femoris

221
Q

which muscles in the quadriceps femoris flexes thigh and hip joints and is the prime mover for knee extension

A

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius

222
Q

which muscles in the quadriceps femoris extends the knee

A

vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius

223
Q

which muscles in the quadriceps femoris work together

A

vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius

224
Q

name all the gluteal muscle

A

gluteus maximus
gluteus medius
gluteus minimums

225
Q

what is the function of gluteus medius

A

abducts and rotate thigh outwards
site for injection

226
Q

which is the bulkiest muscle in the body

A

gluteus maximus

227
Q

which is the function of gluteus maximus

A

extends the hip

228
Q

identify the identify the muscle acting on the hip and thigh:
abducts and rotate thigh outwards
site for injection

A

gluteus medius

229
Q

where is the site for injection >2-3ml

A

gluteus medius

230
Q

where is the site for injection <2-3ml

A

deltoid muscle

231
Q

identify the identify the muscle acting on the hip and thigh:
extends the hip

A

gluteus maximus

232
Q

name all the muscle in the hamstring

A

biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus

233
Q

what is the function of the hamstring
(BSS-REF)

A

rotates the leg
extend thigh
flex the knee

234
Q

name all the muscles acting on the foot (GSTE)

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus

235
Q

identify the muscles acting on the foot:
more superficial muscle

A

gastrocnemius

236
Q

identify the muscles acting on the foot:
plantar flexion of foot and ankle joint

A

gastrocnemius and soleus

237
Q

identify the muscles acting on the foot:
dorsi flexion

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus

238
Q

identify the muscles acting on the foot:
extends toes
turn foot outwards

A

extensor digitorum longus

239
Q

in the muscles acting on the foot,
what is the function of gastrocnemius

A

plantar flexion of foot and ankle joint

240
Q

in the muscles acting on the foot,
what is the function of soleus

A

plantar flexion of foot and ankle joint

241
Q

in the muscles acting on the foot,
what is the function of tibialis anterior

A

dorsi flexion on the foot

242
Q

in the muscles acting on the foot,
what is the function of extensor digitorum longus

A

dorsi flexion on the foot
extends toes
turn foot outwards

243
Q

what is the strongest tendon

A

calcaneal (achilles) tendon

244
Q

what is the common tendon of gastrocnemius and soleus

A

calcaneal (achilles) tendon

245
Q

where is the calcaneal tendons is being inserted to?

A

calcaneus (heal bone)

246
Q

identify the pathophysiology:
loss of motor function = brain damage

A

cerebral palsy

247
Q

identify the pathophysiology:
facial paralysis because of damage of the facial (VII) nerve

A

bell’s palsy

248
Q

identify the pathophysiology:
group of disease that cause progressive weakness and loss of muscle mass

A

muscular dystrophy

249
Q

what are the 3 abnormal contractions of skeletal muscle

A

spasm
cramp
tic

250
Q

what does the brain damage affects

A

muscle control
body movement
muscle coordination
reflexes
tone
balance

251
Q

In Bell’s Palsy, how many patients recover completely

A

80%

252
Q

In Bell’s Palsy, 80% of the patients recover completely within…

A

weeks/ months

253
Q

Bell’s Palsy may be caused by…

A

herpes simplex virus

254
Q

what is the most common factor of muscular dystrophy

A

(DMD) Duchenne muscular dystrophy

255
Q

identify the abnormal contractions of skeletal muscle:
a sudden involuntary contraction of a single muscle in as large group of muscle

A

spasm

256
Q

identify the abnormal contractions of skeletal muscle:
a painful spasmodic contraction because of dehydration/ inadequate blood flow/ muscle strains

A

cramp

257
Q

identify the abnormal contractions of skeletal muscle:
a spasmodic twitching made involuntary by muscles that are ordinarily under voluntary control

A

tic

258
Q

what causes muscle strain

A

holding a position for a long period of time

259
Q

identify the muscles acting on the foot:
deeper muscle

A

soleus

260
Q

identify which muscle acting on the foot is more superficial and deep

A

gastrocnemius - superficial
soleus - deep

261
Q

also known as motor protein

A

myosin

262
Q

what is thermogenesis

A

generates heat

263
Q

what happens when sphincters contracts

A

it prevents the outflow of contents from hollow organs

264
Q

where do skeletal muscles found in

A

most attached on bones/ tendons

265
Q

where do smooth muscles found in

A

hollow organs like esophagus, small intestine, fallopian tube

266
Q

where do cardiac muscles found in

A

at the heart ONLY

267
Q

what contractile protein is found in thick myofilaments

A

myosin

268
Q

what are cramps

A

dehydration or
inadequate blood flow
= muscle strain

269
Q

what are tics

A

in eyelids that are uncontrollable

270
Q

what is the tearing of sarcolemma that causes muscular dystrophy

A

dystrophin

2023 SEM 1 ANAPHY (LAB) (15 decks)

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