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RMT Program > Skeletal System > Flashcards

Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the musculoskeletal system consis of?

A
  • Bone or skeletal system
  • Muscles or muscular system
  • Joints
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2
Q

what is another name for bone tissue?

A

Osseous Tissue

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3
Q

Name and breifly describe the functions osseous tissue performs.

A
  • Supports.
    • support for soft tissue
    • provides site of attachment for tendons connecting to muscles
  • Protection
    • protects internal organs, brain, spinal cord, lungs reproductive organs, heart
  • Assists in movement
    • works with muscles to move the body
  • Mineral Homeostasis
    • stores and maintains mineral balance in body
    • key elements are calcium and phosphorus
  • Blood cell production
    • process called hematopoiesis
      • forms red blood cells
      • produced by red bone marrow
  • Triglyceride storage
    • lipid storage in yellow bone marrow
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4
Q

What is red bone marrow?

A
  • a connective tissue
  • -produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
  • uses a process call hematopoiesis
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5
Q

What is yellow bone marrow?

A

site of triglyceride storage

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6
Q

What is bone tissue?

A

a type of connective tissue composed of cells and a matrix

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7
Q

what are the different types of cells found in bone tissue?

A
  • osteoblasts
    • synthesize the matrix
    • form new bone
  • osteoclasts
    • break down bone for repair, growth, and maintenance
  • osteocytes
    • mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts
    • become trapped in the matrix they secrete
    • maintain bone
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8
Q

What are the components of bone matrix?

A
  • collagen fibers
    • provide flexibility and tensil strength
  • minerals for hardness
    • calcium phosphate
      • Hydroxyapatite
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9
Q

What are the 2 types of bone tissue

A
  • Compact (dense)
  • Spongy (cancellous)
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10
Q

Describe compact bone tissue

A
  • Makes up exterior layers of bones
  • provides strength and protection
  • functional units are called osteons or haversion system
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11
Q

What are the components that make up an osteon of compact bone.

A
  • concentric lamella
    • concentric rings of mineralized collagen fibers
  • osteocytes
    • orientated around the central canal
  • Central Canal
    • contains blood vessels and lymphatic ducts
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12
Q

Describe spongy bone

A
  • found inside flat bones
  • composed of trebeculae
    • irregular lattice-works or plates of bone that contain mineralized calcium
  • osteocytes are in a disorganized fashion
  • space in the bone contain red bone marrow
  • blood circulates directly through red bone marrow
  • no central canal
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13
Q

Name the bones that contain spongy bone

A
  • pelvic girtle
  • ribs
  • vertebrae
  • skull
  • epiphysis of long bones
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14
Q

name the types of bone classification based on shape

A
  • Flat bones
  • long bones
  • other
    • short
    • irregular
    • sesmoid
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15
Q

Describe flat bone. Their role and provide examples of these bones

A
  • Thin with spongy bone found between 2 compact bone
  • Main role is protection
  • Examples
    • cranial bones
    • sternum (breastbone)
    • ribs
    • scapula
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16
Q

Describe long bone and provide examples

A
  • longer than they are wide
  • curved to absorb forces exerted by the weight of the body
  • Examples
    • legs
      • femur
      • tibia
      • fibula
    • arms
      • humerous
      • radius
      • ulna
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17
Q

What are examples of short bone

A
  • carpal bones
  • phlanges
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18
Q

Give examples of irregular bones

A
  • vertebrae
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19
Q

What is an example of a sesmoid bone

A

patella

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20
Q

List and describe the structure of long bone

A
  • Diaphysis
    • shaft
  • Epiphysis
    • both ends of bone
    • houses red bone marrow
    • distal or proximal epiphysis
  • Metaphysis
    • region of mature bone
    • epiphysis joints diaphysis
    • growing bones also includes growth plate
    • growth plate called Epiphyseal Plate
  • Medullary Cavity
    • marrow cavity of diaphysis
    • contains fatty yellow bone marrow
  • Periosteum
    • key for bone growth in diameter
    • repair of fractures
    • nutrition
  • Nutrient foremen
    • nutrient arteries enter the diaphysis
    • supply blood to diaphysis, metaphysis and epiphysis
  • Articular cartilage
    • hyaline cartilage layer
    • convers each end of long bone
    • function to reduce friction at the joint
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21
Q

What is the periosteum

A
  • Connectie tissue with blood, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and various types of bone cells
  • covers surface of the bone
22
Q

Name the bones and regions on the anterior and posterior human skeleton diagram.

A

Check your answers

23
Q

What are the two divisions of bones on the skeleton

A
  • Axial
  • Appendicular
24
Q

What are the bones that make up the axial skeleton?

A
  • Cranium
    • skull and facial bones
  • Hyoid bone
    • attach to base of tongue
  • Auditory Ossicles
    • middle ear bones
  • sternum
    • also called breastbone
    • where most ribs attach
  • ribs
    • 12 pair
  • Vertibral Column
25
Q

How are ribs divided in the body

A
  • True Ribs
    • 7 pair
    • directly attach to the sternum with cartilage
  • False ribs
    • 3 pairs of ribs have no direct attachment to the sternum
    • last 2 ribs are floating
      • have no attachment to sternum
26
Q

Name the different regions of the vertibral column and the number of bones in each region

A
  • Cervical
    • 7
  • Thoracic - 12
  • Lumbar - 5
  • Sacrum - 1
    • bones are joined together
  • coceyx - 1
    • bones are joined together to make up tail bone
27
Q

Name the bones that make up the appendicular Skeleton

A
  • Pectoral Girtle (shoulder blade)
    • clavicle
    • scapula
  • Upper Extremeties
    • Humerous (arm)
    • Radius and Ulna (forearm)
    • Carpals (wrist)
    • Metacarpals (hand)
    • Phlanges (fingers)
  • Pelvic Girtle
    • Pubis
    • Ilium
    • Ischium
  • Lower Extremeties
    • Femurs (thigh)
    • tibia and fibula (lower leg)
    • tarsals (Ankle)
    • metatarsals (foot)
    • phlanges or digits
28
Q

Name and describe the depressions of bone surface markings

A
  • Fissure
  • Foremen
  • Fossa
  • Sulcus
  • Meatus
29
Q

Name the processes that form joints of bone surface markings

A
  • condyle
  • Facet
  • Head
30
Q

Name the bone surface marking processes that serve as attachment points for connective tissue

A
  • Crest
  • Line
  • Spinous Process
  • Trochanter
  • Tubericle
  • Tuberosity
31
Q

List the name of the key bony landmarks of the scapula

A
  • Acromion
  • coracoid process
  • spine
  • Glenoid Cavity
  • supraspinous fossa
  • infraspinous fossa
32
Q

List the names of key boney landmarks of the pelvic bones

A
  • ilium bone
  • Ischium bone
  • pubic bone
  • Iliac crest
  • Obturator Foramen
  • Acetabulum (socket of leg)
  • pubic symphysis
  • lines and spines
33
Q

List the names of key bony landmarks of the lumbar vertebra

A
  • Spinous Process
  • Transverse process
  • body
  • vertebral foremen
  • Facets
  • Intervertebral foreman
  • Intervertebral disks
34
Q

List the key bony landmarks of the femur

A
  • Head (coxal and hip joint)
  • greater trochanter
  • lesser trochanter
  • body
  • medial epicondyle
  • lateral epicondyle
  • medial condyle
  • lateral condyle
35
Q

List the key landmarks of the skull

A
  • Frontal
  • Parietal
  • Temporal
  • Occipital
  • Mandible
  • Maxila
  • Zygomatic bone
  • Foremen magnum (inferior middle of skull where vertebra would be)
    • occipital foremen
  • external auditory meatus
36
Q

Describe fissure bone depression marking

A
  • narrow slit btween adjacent bones
  • for passage of vessels or nerves
37
Q

Describe Foremen Depression marking

A
  • opening in bone
  • for passage of vessels, nerves, or ligaments
38
Q

Describe Fossa depression bone marking

A

shallow depressed area

39
Q

Describe sulcus depression surface marking

A
  • groove along the surface of a bone
  • allows passage of vessels, nerves, and tendons
40
Q

Describe meatus depression bone marking

A
  • tube-like
41
Q

Decribe the joint surface marking: Condyle

A
  • round articular area
42
Q

Decribe the joint surface marking: Head

A
  • rounded articular area
  • supported in neck of bone
43
Q

Decribe the joint surface marking: Facet

A
  • smooth flat articular area
44
Q

Describe the attachment point bone marking: Crest

A
  • ridgid bone, elongated projection
45
Q

Describe the attachment point bone marking: Line

A
  • long, narrow ridge or boarder
  • less prominent then a crest
46
Q

Describe the attachment point bone marking: epicondyle

A

projection above a condyle

47
Q

Describe the attachment point bone marking: spinous process

A

sharp slender projection

48
Q

Describe the attachment point bone marking: trochanter

A

very large projection

49
Q

Describe the attachment point bone marking:tubercle

A

small rounded projection

50
Q

Describe the attachment point bone marking: tuberosity

A
  • large rounded projection
  • usually rough

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