Skeletal System Flashcards
What does the musculoskeletal system consis of?
- Bone or skeletal system
- Muscles or muscular system
- Joints
what is another name for bone tissue?
Osseous Tissue
Name and breifly describe the functions osseous tissue performs.
- Supports.
- support for soft tissue
- provides site of attachment for tendons connecting to muscles
- Protection
- protects internal organs, brain, spinal cord, lungs reproductive organs, heart
- Assists in movement
- works with muscles to move the body
- Mineral Homeostasis
- stores and maintains mineral balance in body
- key elements are calcium and phosphorus
- Blood cell production
- process called hematopoiesis
- forms red blood cells
- produced by red bone marrow
- process called hematopoiesis
- Triglyceride storage
- lipid storage in yellow bone marrow
What is red bone marrow?
- a connective tissue
- -produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
- uses a process call hematopoiesis
What is yellow bone marrow?
site of triglyceride storage
What is bone tissue?
a type of connective tissue composed of cells and a matrix
what are the different types of cells found in bone tissue?
- osteoblasts
- synthesize the matrix
- form new bone
- osteoclasts
- break down bone for repair, growth, and maintenance
- osteocytes
- mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts
- become trapped in the matrix they secrete
- maintain bone
What are the components of bone matrix?
- collagen fibers
- provide flexibility and tensil strength
- minerals for hardness
- calcium phosphate
- Hydroxyapatite
- calcium phosphate
What are the 2 types of bone tissue
- Compact (dense)
- Spongy (cancellous)
Describe compact bone tissue
- Makes up exterior layers of bones
- provides strength and protection
- functional units are called osteons or haversion system
What are the components that make up an osteon of compact bone.
- concentric lamella
- concentric rings of mineralized collagen fibers
- osteocytes
- orientated around the central canal
- Central Canal
- contains blood vessels and lymphatic ducts
Describe spongy bone
- found inside flat bones
- composed of trebeculae
- irregular lattice-works or plates of bone that contain mineralized calcium
- osteocytes are in a disorganized fashion
- space in the bone contain red bone marrow
- blood circulates directly through red bone marrow
- no central canal
Name the bones that contain spongy bone
- pelvic girtle
- ribs
- vertebrae
- skull
- epiphysis of long bones
name the types of bone classification based on shape
- Flat bones
- long bones
- other
- short
- irregular
- sesmoid
Describe flat bone. Their role and provide examples of these bones
- Thin with spongy bone found between 2 compact bone
- Main role is protection
- Examples
- cranial bones
- sternum (breastbone)
- ribs
- scapula
Describe long bone and provide examples
- longer than they are wide
- curved to absorb forces exerted by the weight of the body
- Examples
- legs
- femur
- tibia
- fibula
- arms
- humerous
- radius
- ulna
- legs
What are examples of short bone
- carpal bones
- phlanges
Give examples of irregular bones
- vertebrae
What is an example of a sesmoid bone
patella
List and describe the structure of long bone
- Diaphysis
- shaft
- Epiphysis
- both ends of bone
- houses red bone marrow
- distal or proximal epiphysis
- Metaphysis
- region of mature bone
- epiphysis joints diaphysis
- growing bones also includes growth plate
- growth plate called Epiphyseal Plate
- Medullary Cavity
- marrow cavity of diaphysis
- contains fatty yellow bone marrow
- Periosteum
- key for bone growth in diameter
- repair of fractures
- nutrition
- Nutrient foremen
- nutrient arteries enter the diaphysis
- supply blood to diaphysis, metaphysis and epiphysis
- Articular cartilage
- hyaline cartilage layer
- convers each end of long bone
- function to reduce friction at the joint
What is the periosteum
- Connectie tissue with blood, lymphatic vessels, nerves, and various types of bone cells
- covers surface of the bone
Name the bones and regions on the anterior and posterior human skeleton diagram.
Check your answers
What are the two divisions of bones on the skeleton
- Axial
- Appendicular
What are the bones that make up the axial skeleton?
- Cranium
- skull and facial bones
- Hyoid bone
- attach to base of tongue
- Auditory Ossicles
- middle ear bones
- sternum
- also called breastbone
- where most ribs attach
- ribs
- 12 pair
- Vertibral Column
How are ribs divided in the body
- True Ribs
- 7 pair
- directly attach to the sternum with cartilage
- False ribs
- 3 pairs of ribs have no direct attachment to the sternum
- last 2 ribs are floating
- have no attachment to sternum
Name the different regions of the vertibral column and the number of bones in each region
- Cervical
- 7
- Thoracic - 12
- Lumbar - 5
- Sacrum - 1
- bones are joined together
- coceyx - 1
- bones are joined together to make up tail bone
Name the bones that make up the appendicular Skeleton
- Pectoral Girtle (shoulder blade)
- clavicle
- scapula
- Upper Extremeties
- Humerous (arm)
- Radius and Ulna (forearm)
- Carpals (wrist)
- Metacarpals (hand)
- Phlanges (fingers)
- Pelvic Girtle
- Pubis
- Ilium
- Ischium
- Lower Extremeties
- Femurs (thigh)
- tibia and fibula (lower leg)
- tarsals (Ankle)
- metatarsals (foot)
- phlanges or digits
Name and describe the depressions of bone surface markings
- Fissure
- Foremen
- Fossa
- Sulcus
- Meatus
Name the processes that form joints of bone surface markings
- condyle
- Facet
- Head
Name the bone surface marking processes that serve as attachment points for connective tissue
- Crest
- Line
- Spinous Process
- Trochanter
- Tubericle
- Tuberosity
List the name of the key bony landmarks of the scapula
- Acromion
- coracoid process
- spine
- Glenoid Cavity
- supraspinous fossa
- infraspinous fossa
List the names of key boney landmarks of the pelvic bones
- ilium bone
- Ischium bone
- pubic bone
- Iliac crest
- Obturator Foramen
- Acetabulum (socket of leg)
- pubic symphysis
- lines and spines
List the names of key bony landmarks of the lumbar vertebra
- Spinous Process
- Transverse process
- body
- vertebral foremen
- Facets
- Intervertebral foreman
- Intervertebral disks
List the key bony landmarks of the femur
- Head (coxal and hip joint)
- greater trochanter
- lesser trochanter
- body
- medial epicondyle
- lateral epicondyle
- medial condyle
- lateral condyle
List the key landmarks of the skull
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Occipital
- Mandible
- Maxila
- Zygomatic bone
- Foremen magnum (inferior middle of skull where vertebra would be)
- occipital foremen
- external auditory meatus
Describe fissure bone depression marking
- narrow slit btween adjacent bones
- for passage of vessels or nerves
Describe Foremen Depression marking
- opening in bone
- for passage of vessels, nerves, or ligaments
Describe Fossa depression bone marking
shallow depressed area
Describe sulcus depression surface marking
- groove along the surface of a bone
- allows passage of vessels, nerves, and tendons
Describe meatus depression bone marking
- tube-like
Decribe the joint surface marking: Condyle
- round articular area
Decribe the joint surface marking: Head
- rounded articular area
- supported in neck of bone
Decribe the joint surface marking: Facet
- smooth flat articular area
Describe the attachment point bone marking: Crest
- ridgid bone, elongated projection
Describe the attachment point bone marking: Line
- long, narrow ridge or boarder
- less prominent then a crest
Describe the attachment point bone marking: epicondyle
projection above a condyle
Describe the attachment point bone marking: spinous process
sharp slender projection
Describe the attachment point bone marking: trochanter
very large projection
Describe the attachment point bone marking:tubercle
small rounded projection
Describe the attachment point bone marking: tuberosity
- large rounded projection
- usually rough
