Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RMT Program > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Define Anatomy

A

a process of cutting up or the study of the structure of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Define Physiology

A

Study of the function of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define Pathology

A

Study of disease or when the body is not in a steady-state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the levels of organization in the body?

A

Chemical, Cellular, Tissues, Organ, Systems, Organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List the components of the chemical level of organization of the body.

A
  • Subatomic particles,
  • Atoms,
  • Inorganic compounds,
  • organic compounds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are subatomic particles?

A

smaller than atoms, consist of protons, electrons, neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are atoms?

A

the basic subunit of elements that make up matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are inorganic molecules?

A

includes water, oxygen, carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are organic molecules

A
  • chemical building blocks of living things,
  • store energy,
  • composed of carbon and hydrogen
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define Cells

A

Smallest living things and basic structural unit of an organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a selectively permeable membrane?

A

Surrounds a cell. Regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are organelles?

A

Found within cells. Specialized parts of a cell each with a particular function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define Tissues

A

Groups of cells and the materials surrounding them, work together to serve a common function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the 4 types of tissues?

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are epithelial tissues

A

covers, lines, and forms glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are connective tissues?

A

protects, supports, binds, and provides immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are muscle tissues?

A

able to contract to cause movement or change the volume of structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is nervous tissue?

A

Transmits nerve impulses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define Organs?

A

groups of tissues working together to serve a common function. Has a recognizable shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are examples of Organs?

A

skin, kidney, the skull, stomach, brain, heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define the Organ system level of organization?

A

are composed of groups of organs working together to carry out a common function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define organ systems

A

Composed of groups of organs that work together to perform a common function.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 11 organ systems in the body?

A

Intigmentary, cardiovascular, muscular, uranary, digestive, respiratory, skeletal, endocrine, reproductive, nervous, lymphatic.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the components of the intigmentary system?

A

Skin, hair, nails, oil and sweat glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the functions of the intigmentary?

A
  • Regulates body temperature,
  • protects the body,
  • eliminates some waste,
  • helps make vit. D,
  • detects sensations such as touch, pressure, pain, warmth, cold
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the components of the skeletal system

A

Bones, Joints, and their associated cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system?

A

Supports and protects the body, provides a specific area for muscles to attach, assists with body movement, stores cells that produce red blood cells, and stores minerals and lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the components of the muscular system?

A

Refers to skeletal muscles (muscles that attach to bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the functions of the muscular system?

A
  • participates in body movements,
  • maintains posture,
  • produces heat
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the components of the nervous system?

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, special sense organs (eyes, ears, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system?

A

control system that regulates body actives through never impulses. Detects changes in the environment, interprets those changes, and responds to the changes by glandular secretions or muscular contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What are the components of the Endocrine system

A

All glands and tissues that produce hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are hormones

A

chemicals secreted by glands that regulates body functions

34
Q

What are the functions of the endocrine system

A

Control system that regulates body activities through hormones. Transported by blood to various target organs

35
Q

What are the components of the cardiovascular system

A

Blood, Heart, Blood Vessels

36
Q

What are the functions of the cardiovascular system

A
  • heart pumps blood through the blood vessels
  • blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carries carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells
  • helps regulate acidity, temperature, and water content of body fluids
  • blood components help defend against disease and mend damaged blood vessels
37
Q

List the components of the lymphatic system?

A
  • Lymphatic fluid,
  • lymphatic vessels,
  • spleen,
  • lymph nodes,
  • tonsils.
  • Cells that carry out immune responses. (Beta and T cells and others)
38
Q

What is the function of the lymphatic system

A
  • returns protein and fluid to blood
  • carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood
  • contains sites of maturation and proliferation of beta and T cells, which protects against disease causing microbes
39
Q

List the components of the digestive system?

A

organs of the gastrointestinal tract
-mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, rectum, anus
Accessory digestive organs
-salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

40
Q

What are the functions of the digestive system?

A
  • Physically and chemically break down food stuff
  • absorb nutrients
  • eliminate solid waste
41
Q

List the components of the respiratory system.

A

Lunges and air passageways, Pharynx (throat), Larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchial tubes leading into and out of them

42
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A
  • Transfer oxygen from inhaled air into the blood and co2 from the blood to exhaled air
  • helps regulate acidity of body fluids
  • produces sound from the vocal cords
43
Q

List the components of the Urinary system

A

Kidneys, uterus, urinary bladder, urethra

44
Q

What are the functions of the urinary system?

A
  • Produces, stores and eliminates urine
  • eliminates waste
  • regulates volume and chemical composition of blood
  • helps regulate acidity of body fluid
  • maintains body mineral balance
  • helps regulate red blood cell production
45
Q

List the components of the Reproductive system

A

Gonads (testes or ovaries)
Associated organs female
-uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands
Associated organs male
-epididymus, ductus (vas) deferens, penis

46
Q

What is the function of the reproductive system?

A
  • Gonads produce gametes (sperm or oocytes), they untie to form a new organism and release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes
  • associated organs transport and store gametes
  • mammary glands produce milk
47
Q

How does an organism work.

A

All the parts of organization work together to become a living organism.

48
Q

What are the characteristic of living things?

A

Metabolism, Responsiveness, Movement, Growth, Reproduction, Differentiation

49
Q

Define Metabolism

A

the sum of all chemical processes occurring in the body

50
Q

How does metabolism work?

A

We ingest food, break it down, use it to supply energy for chemical reactions in the body or use it for building cells and other body components

51
Q

What are the 2 components to metabolism?

A

Anabolism and Catabolism

52
Q

what is Anabolism?

A

building smaller units into larger molecules which requires energy.
- Amino acids into proteins

53
Q

What is Catabolism?

A

Breaking larger molecules up into smaller parts. This releases energy.
-proteins into amino acids

54
Q

What is meant by Responsiveness of a living organism?

A

Living organisms can sense and respond to stimuli.
-Externally; light, outside temp, touch, pain
-Internally; body temp, blood pressure, glucose and oxygen levels, pH (acidity)
Utilizes different organ systems
-sensory organs, nervous system, muscles and glands

55
Q

What is meant by movement of a living organism

A

-Have the capacity for movement externally such as working, and internally such as the beating of the heart.

56
Q

What is meant by growth of a living organism.

A

All living organisms are capable of growth. Increase the size of individual cells or the number of cells

57
Q

what is meant by reproduction of living organisms

A

refers to the formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair or replacement. Also the union of gametes to form offspring

58
Q

What is meant by differentiation of a living organism?

A
  • process in which we develop from a zygote created by fertilization into a specialized multicellular organism.
  • Each cell type in the body has a specialized functions
59
Q

what is homeostasis?

A

the bodies ability to maintain a steady state or equilibrium internally inspite of internal or external environmental changes

60
Q

What are Homeostatic Imbalances

A

Occur when equilibrium is disrupted by internal or external stimuli

61
Q

What are feedback mechanisms within the body?

A

cycle of events the body deploys to attempt to return the controlled condition back to an acceptable set point range

62
Q

What is the sequence in a general feedback system in the body?

A

1) stimulus disrupts homeostasis
2) receptor
3) input
4) control centre (brain and spinal cord)
5) output
6) effector (usually muscles or glands

63
Q

What is a negative feedback mechanism in the body?

what are two examples

A
  • Reverses the effect of the original stimulus.
  • If a stimulus causes blood pressure to rise, it gets lowered by the body affecting the diameter of blood vessels
  • If blood glucose rises, blood glucose levels are decreased by the production of a hormone called insulin
64
Q

What is a positive feedback mechanism in the body?

Give 2 examples.

A

Enhances the effect of the original stimulus.

  • when labor contractions begin positive feedback mechanism contracts smooth muscle until baby is delivered
  • if a vessel is punctured blood clotting starts, rate of clotting is increased until the hole is plugged.
65
Q

what is Anatomical position?

A
  • standing facing the person, head level
  • eyes facing forward
  • feet flat and directed forward
  • arms at the side with palms turned forward
  • Anterior surface facing towards you (front side)
  • Posterior surface facing away (backend)
66
Q

Prone

A

Lying face down

67
Q

Supine

A

Lying face up

68
Q

Superior (cephalic, cranial)

A

above, higher than, towards the head, upper part

69
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

below, lower than, away from the head

70
Q

anterior (ventral)

A

before, in front of, nearer to front

71
Q

posterior (dorsal)

A

towards the rear, behind, back of body

72
Q

medial

A

pertaining to the middle, nearer to midline

73
Q

lateral

A

pertaining to the side, farther from the midline

74
Q

intermediate

A

situated btwn 2 structures

75
Q

ipsilateral

A

on the same side

76
Q

contralateral

A

on the opposite side

77
Q

proximal

A
  • nearest the point of attachment

- centre of the body or point of reference

78
Q

distal

A

farthest form the centre, from the medial line or from trunk

79
Q

superficial

A

confined to the surface, towards or on the surface

80
Q

deep

A

below the surface

RMT Program (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions