Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

RMT Program > Respiratory System > Flashcards

Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

Define respiration

A

process of gas exchange in which organisms exchange CO2 and oxygen with their environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the correlation btwn the respiratory system and cellular respiration

A
  • they work together but function independently
  • aerobic cellular respiration requires oxygen to break bods of glucose
  • respiratory system is needed to obtain more oxygen and eliminate co2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the 3 stages of respiration

A
  • pulmonary ventilation (breathing)
  • external or pulmonary respiration
  • internal or tissue respiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the 2 parts of pulmonary ventilation

A

inspiration

expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe Inspiration

A
  • inhalation

- fill the spaces of the lungs with air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe expiration

A
  • another name for exhalation

- expel the air after gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe pulmonary respiration

A

gas exchange between the lung spaces and the blood in the lung capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe tissue respiration

A

the exchange of gas between the blood in systemic capillaries and metabolically active cells such as skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the gross anatomy of lungs

A
  • located in the thoracic cavity
  • protected by the ribs and sternum
  • below the lungs is the diaphragm
  • each lung is divided into lobes
  • between the lungs and slightly to the left is the heart
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define diaphragm

A

flat sheet of skeletal muscle that contracts to cause inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List the lobes of the lungs

A
  • right lung has 3 lobes

- left has 2 lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

List the structures of the respiratory system

A
  • nostrils or external nares
  • nasal cavity
  • pharynx or throat
  • epiglottis
  • larynx or voice box
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe External nares

A

-paired openings in the respiratory tract lined with hair for filtering particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the nasal cavity

A
  • space inside nose
  • passageway for air, warms and humidifies the incoming air
  • modifies sounds for speech
  • olfactory epithelia used for detecting odours
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the pharynx

A
  • common passageway for food, air, liquids
  • modifies speech for sound
  • location of tonsils
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the epiglottis

A
  • moveable flap of cartilage over the voice box

- prevents the passage of food and liquid down the wrong way when swallowing

17
Q

Describe the larynx

A
  • cartilaginous structure leading to the trachea

- location of vocal cords which are responsible for sound production

18
Q

Describe the trachea

A
  • airway leading to the lungs

- held open by c shaped rings of cartilage

19
Q

Describe the bronchi

A
  • branches off trachea held open by cartilage plates

- forms bronchial tree

20
Q

Describe bronchioles

A

smooth muscles in walls to regulate diameter

21
Q

Describe alveoli

A
  • clusters of blind-ended sacs at the ends of bronchioles
  • where gas exchange occurs
  • lined with simple squamous epithelium
22
Q

Describe the airways in the respiratory system

A
  • nasal cavity, trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles lined with ciliated, glandular epithelium with goblet cells which secret mucus
  • mucus traps inhaled particles and cilia sweep them up to the pharynx to be swallowed
  • walls of smaller vessels, bronchioles may have smooth muscles to regulate their diameter
  • larger airways (trachea, bronchi) have cartilage rings or plates to keep them from collapsing
  • areas of gas exchange are composed of simple squamous epithelium only
  • includes alveoli, alveolar ducts, respiratory bronchioles
23
Q

Describe the respiratory membrane

A
  • gas exchange occurs btwn alveolar spaces and the capillaries surrounding the alveoli. These gasses cross layers of tissue called the respiratory membrane
  • Many elastic fibres surround the alveoli
24
Q

List what the respiratory membrane tissue consists of

A
  • thin alveolar simple squamous cell
  • thin alveolar basement membrane
  • basement membrane of the capillary endothelial cells
  • endothelial cells of capillaries
25
Q

What factors make the respiratory membrane a very efficient gas exchange site

A
  • large surface area - 750million /lung
  • moist
  • vascularized-many capillaries
  • thin- squamous cells involved
  • partial pressure gradient similar to concentration gradient
26
Q

How does the transportation of oxygen work in the respiratory system

A
  • oxygen is transported by the cardio system from the lunge to tissues, like skeletal muscles for cellular respiration
  • occurs from left side of the heart from the left ventricle
  • oxygen is not very soluble in water so most of it is transported in the blood bound respiratory pigments
  • the brain and heart myst have oxygen to survive
27
Q

what are respiratory pigments

A

proteins which contain metal ions to which oxygen binds

28
Q

What is hemoglobin

A

a respiratory pigment found in red blood cells that contain iron

29
Q

Describe the transport of carbon dioxide

A
  • co2 is produced in the tissues by cellular respiration
  • hemoglobin transport some co2 when oxygen leaves
  • co2 can dissolve in plasma
  • bicarbonate ions is the main method of transportation found within plasma
  • results in formation of acidic H+ ions
30
Q

What is hyperventilation

A
  • fast breathing rate

- assists in eliminating co2 from plasma

31
Q

What happens when we hold our breaths

A
  • our bodies retains co2 for a short while

- reflexes activities if levels become to high in the plasma

32
Q

How does ventilation function

A
  • inspiration, inhaling, contracts diaphragm

- expiration, exhaling, relaxes the diaphragm

33
Q

What happens to the diaphragm during inspiration

A
  • contracts which mean it drop, increases the volume of the thoracic cavity
  • causes pressure to drop, below atmospheric pressure
  • negative pressure ventilation
  • air is sucked in through the external nares into the lungs to equalize the pressure
  • lung tissue expands, stretching elastic fibers
34
Q

What happens to the diaphragm during expiration

A
  • volume of the thoracic cavity decreases as diaphragm rises
  • elastic fibers recoil back to shorter resting lengths
  • increases the pressure in the thoracic cavity higher than atmospheric pressure
  • air flows out of equalize pressure again
35
Q

Describe the differences in atmospheric pressure during ventilation of the lungs

A
  • atmospheric pressure always 760mm Hg
  • at rest atmospheric pressure is equal to alveolar pressure = 760mm Hg
  • during inhalation, alveolar pressure = 758mm Hg
  • during exhalation, relaxation, alveolar pressure - 762mm Hg

RMT Program (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions