digestive system Flashcards
List the processes involved in food processing of the digestive system
- ingestion
- digestion
- mechanical
- chemical
- absorption
- Defecation
Describe the role of ingestion
intake of food or eating and involves lips, teeth, tongue
Describe mechanical digestion
- first action of breakdown large food items into smaller pieces to enhance enzyme action
- teeth and chewing, stomach mixing, intestinal peristalsis
Describe the role of chemical digestion
- secretion of enzymes, water, acid and buffers into the lumen of the digestive tract
- enzymatic breakdown of macromolecules into smaller monomers occurs through hydrolysis
What do the different macromolecules breakdown into
- proteins - amino acids
- starch or glycogen or disaccharides - monosaccharides
- triglycerides - fatty acids, glycerol, monoglycerides
Describe the role of absorption
- epithelial cells lining portions of the digestive tract absorb the monomers from enzyme breakdown
- Nearby blood vessels diffuse most nutrients which are delivered to other cells to supply energy for cellular respiration or to be stored
- Lymphatic Vessels absorb fats (cholesterol does not need to be digested first)
Describe the role of deification
undigested food along with bacteria and other wastes are eliminated from the digestive tract as feeces
List the organs that make up the digestive tract
- mouth
- pharynx
- esophogus
- stomach
- small intestine
- large intestine
- anus
List the structural names, in order, of food processes which make up the human digestive tract.
- Mouth
- Pharynx (throat)
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small intestine
- Large intestine
- Anus
List the accessory organs
- tongue
- teeth
- salivary glands
- pancreas
- liver
- Gall bladder
Describe the role of the tongue
- skeletal muscle
- manipulates food for swallowing
- manipulates speech
Describe the role of teeth
- mechanical digestion
- involved in chewing or mastication to breakdown food
Describe salivary glands
- produces saliva with digestive enzymes
- empty oral cavity
Describe the role of the liver
many metabolic functions, but also produces bile to break up large globules of fat in to droplets for better enzymic acton
Describe the role of the pancreas
- produces many digestive enzymes
- empties into the duodenum
Describe the role of the gall bladder
- stores and concentrates bile
- carries away wastes
- breaks down fats during digestion
Describe the role of the mouth
moistens food, initiates mechanical and chemical digestions
Describe the role of the Pharynx
- swallowing
- common chamber for air liquid and food
Describe the role of the Esophagus
- muscular tube connecting to stomach
- involved in swallowing
Describe the role of the stomach
muscular organ with glands involved in mechanical mixing and chemical digestion
Describe the role of the small intestine
- long tube composed of the Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
- site of chemical digestion and
- adapted for absorption
Describe the role of the Large intestine
- Composed of the cecum, appendix, colon, rectum
- feces formation
- contains beneficial bacterial colonies
Describe the Anus and what is its role
- muscular rings
- regulates elimination
What is the name of the process used to break down macromolecules using enzymes
Hydrolysis breaks macromolecules into monomers which can then be absorbed into the blood vessels
