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RMT Program > Circulatory system > Flashcards

Circulatory system Flashcards

1
Q

What is another name for cardiovascular system

A

circulatory system

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2
Q

what does the circulatory system consist of

A

heart

associated vessels

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3
Q

what does circulation of blood transport?

A
  • oxygen from lungs to tissues
  • co2 from tissues to lungs
  • metabolic wastes from tissue to kidneys
  • hormones from endocrine organs to target organs and cells
  • nutrients all over the body where needed
  • other substances
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4
Q

What kind of system is the cardiovascular system? why is that important

A
  • Closed system

- allows blood to be pumped under high pressure which speeds transport of oxygen and glucose to active tissues

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5
Q

What is it mean that the cardio system is a close system?

A
  • Blood always remains in vessels

- does not directly contact tissues

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6
Q

What is the name for fluid found inside cells (cytosol)

A

intercellular fluid

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7
Q

What is the name for fluid outside cells

A

extracellular fluid

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8
Q

List the different types of extracellular fluid

A

-plasma
-interstitial fluid
-lymph
-additional fluids
cerebral spinal fluid
humours of eyeball
synovial fluid

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9
Q

What is interstitial fluid

A
  • Found btwn cells

- baths tissues

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10
Q

List the functions of blood

A

Transport
Regulation
Protection

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11
Q

Describe how blood functions in transportation

A

-transports oxygen, carbon dioxide, wastes, heat, and hormones

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12
Q

Describe how blood functions to regulate

A

-regulates pH through buffers
-temperature
osmotic pressure

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13
Q

Descibe how blood functions to protect

A
  • Blood clotting

- contains components of immune system that protect against foreign mircobes

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14
Q

what is blood?

A

Connective tissue composed of liquid plasma and formed elements

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15
Q

What are the components of blood

A
  • Plasma: makes up 55% of volume

- Formed Elements: makes up 45% of volume

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16
Q

What does the watery component of plasma consist of?

A

-ions
-dissolved gasses
-wastes
-nutrients
-plasma proteins
others

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17
Q

what are the ions in blood plasma?

A

Electrolytes

  • sodium
  • potassium
  • chlorine
  • bicarbonate
  • phosphate
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18
Q

What are the dissolved gasses in blood plasma

A
  • oxygen
  • carbon dioxide
  • nitrogen
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19
Q

what are the wastes in blood plasma

A
  • byproducts of metabolism

- urea

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20
Q

what are the nutrients in blood plasma

A

glucose

  • amino acids
  • fat
  • vitamins
  • minerals
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21
Q

List the plasma proteins in blood

A
  • albumin
  • globulin
  • fibrinogen
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22
Q

Where are the formed elements of blood produced

A

red bone marrow within spongy bone

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23
Q

Name the types of formed elements found in blood

A
  • Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
  • Leukocytes (white blood cells)
  • Thrombocytes (platelets)
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24
Q

Describe erythrocytes

A
  • most common type of cell
  • no nucleus
  • packed full of hemoglobin
  • biconcave shapes
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25
Q

define hemoglobin

A
  • a respiratory pigment found in red blood cells
  • delivers oxygen and picks up co2 from tissues
  • contains iron
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26
Q

why do erythrocytes have a biconcave shape

A

increases the surface area for gas exchange

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27
Q

Describe leukocytes

A
  • component of immune system
  • phagocytosis of foreign particles
  • production of antibodies
  • less than red blood cells
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28
Q

What is Phagocytosis

A

Cells that eat / swallow foreign objects in the body

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29
Q

why are there less leukocytes than erythrocytes?

A

Leukocytes are stored in the lymphatic tissue

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30
Q

what are some examples of leukocytes found in the lymphatic system?

A
  • Lymphocytes
  • monocytes
  • neutrophils
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
31
Q

Describe platelets or thrombocytes

A
  • called filaments due to not having a nucleus
  • involved in hemostasis (clotting)
  • stick to jagged edges of damaged vessels and plug the hole
  • release clotting factors
32
Q

Define Hemostasis

A
  • the stoppage of bleeding

- called blood clotting

33
Q

What do clotting factors do

A

Produce fibres that contribute to the clotting to seal a hole in a vessel

34
Q

What is the heart located

A

in the mediastinum btwn the lungs in the thoracic cavity

35
Q

what is the function of the heart

A
  • pump blood
  • boost blood pressure
  • increases delivery of oxygen to tissues
36
Q

what does it mean that the heart is a double pump system

A

Has two different systems that work together

  • Pulmonary circuit
  • Systemic Circuit
37
Q

what is the Pulmonary circuit

A

pumps blood to and from the lungs for oxygenation

38
Q

What is the systemic circuit

A

Pumps blood to and from the body to deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues and picks up waste

39
Q

What is important for oxygen and deoxygenated blood

A

They do not mix together

40
Q

Describe the chambers of the human heart

A

4 chambers to the heart

  • 2 atrium
  • 2 ventricles
41
Q

Describe how the left and right sides of the heart work

A
  • left side pumps under higher pressure to deliver blood to distant extremities
  • right side pumps under lower pressure to avoid bursting capillaries of the lungs
  • both sides of heart still pump same amount of blood a the same time
42
Q

List the 4 chambers of the heart

A
  • right atrium
  • Right ventricle
  • Left Atrium
  • Left Ventricle
43
Q

Describe role of right atrium

A

collects deoxygenated blood from body

44
Q

Describe role of right ventricle

A

pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

45
Q

Describe role of left atrium

A

collects oxygenated blood from the lungs

46
Q

Describe the role of the left ventricle

A

pumps oxygenated blood to the body

47
Q

what is blood pressure

A
  • force of blood on walls of the heart
  • measured in hhMg
  • assists in delivering nutrients and oxygen quickly
48
Q

What are heart valves

A

-prevent back flow into chambers or vessels when the muscles of the heart is contracting

49
Q

What are 2 types of valves

A
  • atrioventricular

- semilunar valves

50
Q

What are the 2 atrioventricular valves

A
  • bicuspid (mitral valve) - left side

- Tricuspid (right side)

51
Q

what are the 2 semilunar valves

A
  • Pulmonary Semilunar valve

- Aortic semilunar valve

52
Q

Describe the role of the pulmonary semilunar valve

A
  • right ventricle

- pulmonary trunk

53
Q

Describe the role of the aortic semilunar valve

A

-between left ventricle and aortic arch

54
Q

What are the 2 phases of a heart beat

A
  • systolic - contraction of ventricles

- Diastolic - filling of ventricles

55
Q

Describe systolic pressure

A
  • blood pressure when left ventricle contracts

- equals 110-120hhMg

56
Q

Describe diastolic pressure

A
  • pressure in arteries between contractions of ventricles

- equals 70-80hhMg

57
Q

Why is systolic pressure higher?

A

due to the closure of all valves at same time heart muscles contract

58
Q

what are the types of blood vessels

A

-Arteries
-Veins
Capillaries

59
Q

Describe arteries

A
  • carries blood away from the heart
  • need to withstand great pressures
  • muscular, elastic walls to expand with the spurts of blood from heart to prevent damage to capillaries
  • squeeze back against blood to smooth out flow
  • Aorta and Pulmonary arteries are the largest
60
Q

What is the role of the Aorta

A
  • arises form the left ventricle

- delivers oxygenated blood to the body

61
Q

What is the pulmonary arteries

A

-pumps deoxygenated blood to lungs

62
Q

Describe veins

A
  • return blood to the heart
  • veins are more numerous than arteries
  • blood moves slower through veins
  • valves are found along the length of veins
  • largest veins are inferior and superior vena cava
  • skeletal muscles assist in squeezing blood back to heart
63
Q

what is the role of inferior and superior vena cava

A

return deoxygenated blood to right atrium

64
Q

Describe capillaries

A
  • smallest vessels in a close circulatory system

- walls very thin composed of simple squamous epithelium

65
Q

What is endothelium?

A

Simple squamous epithelium found in blood vessels

66
Q

What is the significance of the endothelium

A

site of fluid, gas, solute exchange between plasma and interstitial fluid

67
Q

Where are capillary beds found

A
  • muscles
  • lungs
  • brain
  • kidneys
  • intestinal walls
  • other tissues
68
Q

Describe the role of the aorta

A
  • major artery

- exits the heart and travels down the posterior abdominal wall

69
Q

Describe the role of the superior vena cava

A

Major vein

-collects blood from the upper body

70
Q

Describe the role of the inferior vena cava

A

major vein

-collects blood from the lower body

71
Q

Describe the role of left and right common carotid artery

A

supplies blood to head

72
Q

Describe the role of the left and right jugular vein

A

collects blood from head

73
Q

Describe the role of the subclavicular arteries and veins

A

supply and drain the arms

74
Q

Describe the role of the femoral arteries and veins

A

Supply and drain the legs

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