Skeletal Lab

Question 1

The axial skeleton

Answer 1

1. skull
2. vertebral column
3. bony thorax

Question 2

The skull

Answer 2

1. bones are joined by sutures
2. the mandible is the only freely movable joint

Question 3

Lobes

Answer 3

1. Parietal (top)
2. Frontal (front)
3. occipital (back)
4. Temporal (sides)

Question 4

hyoid bone

Answer 4

1. vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs
2. each vertebrae is given a name according toits location
   - cervical vertebrae c1 - c7 (top)
   - thoracic vertebrae t1 - t12 (middle)
   - lumbar vertebrae l1 - l5 (bottom)
   - sacrum
   - coccyx

Question 5

The bony thorax

Answer 5

1. Forms a cage to protect major organs
   - sternum
   - ribs
   - thoracic vertebrae

Question 6

Ribs

Answer 6

1. Vertebrosternal (true) ribs
   - ribs 1 - 7
2. vertebrochondral (false) ribs
   - 8-10 ribs; connect to cartilage of rib 7
3. vertebral (floating) ribs
   - 11, 12; no connection anteriorly

Question 7

The appendicular skeleton

Answer 7

1. limbs (appendages)
2. pectoral girdle
   - attachment of upper limbs
3. pelvic girdle
   - attachment of lower limbs

Question 8

pectoral (shoulder) girdle

Answer 8

1. clavicle
   - collarbone
2. scapula
   - shoulder blade

Question 9

Bones of the upper limb (the hand()

Answer 9

1. carpals
   - wrist
2. metacarpals
   - palm
3. phalanges
   - fingers

Question 10

Bones of the pelvic girdle

Answer 10

1. hip bones (coxal bones)
   composed of three pair of fused bones
   - Ilium
   - Ischium
   - Pubis bone
2. Sacrum

Question 11

Bones of the lower limbs

Answer 11

Femur
- thigh bone = ball; articulates with acetabulum of coxal bone

Question 12

Bones of the lower limbs

Answer 12

1. tibia
   - shin bone; medial; articulates with femur at knee
2. Fibula: lateral; for balance; does not take part in knee joint

Question 13

Bones of lower limbs (foot)

Answer 13

1. Tarsals
   - ankle
2. talus
   - articulates with tibia and fibula
3. calcaneus
   - heel bone
   - metatarsals = sole
   - phalanges = toes