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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary system

A
  1. Epidermis; dermis
  2. Sweat glands, nails, oil glands, hairs
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2
Q

Integumentary system functions

A
  1. Protection
  2. Temperature maintenance
  3. Nutrient storage
  4. Vitam D3 synthesis
  5. Sensory detection
  6. Excretion; secretion
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3
Q

Epidermis

A

Superficial region
1. Epithelial tissue
2. Avascular

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4
Q

Dermis

A

underlies epidermis
1. Mostly fibrous connective tissue
2. Vascular

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5
Q

Hypodermis

A

Insulates and cushions
1. Subcutaneous layer deep to skin
2. Mostly adipose or areolar tissue
3. Anchors skin to underlying structures (muscles)
Thins as we age

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6
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Dead cells in the epidermis

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7
Q

Stratum granulosum

A
  1. Grainy layer
  2. Keratin and kertohyalin (granules)
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7
Q

Stratum lucidum

A
  1. Only in thick skin
  2. Transluscent layer
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7
Q

Stratum basale

A
  1. Innermost layero f the epidermis
  2. Attached by desmosomes
  3. Only layer which divides, giving rise to keratinocytes
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8
Q

Stratum spinosum

A
  1. 8-10 layers of cells attached by desmosomes
  2. Spiny layer
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9
Q

Keratinization

A

Keratinocytes undergo keratinization as they move towards the surface
1. Dead cells
2. Keratin is water repellant

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10
Q

Stratum corneum

A
  1. Outer layer of dead (keratinized cells)
  2. 15 to 30 layers
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11
Q

Melanin

A

Pigment produced by melanocytes; stimulated to produce more by sun exposure

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12
Q

Vitamin D

A

Needed for calcium absorption

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13
Q

Epidermal growth factor (EGF)

A

Helps the epidermis repair and heal; promotes:
1. Basal cell division
2. Production of keratin
3. Stimulates glands
4. Stimulates growth and repair

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14
Q

Two layers of the dermis

A
  1. Papillary
  2. Reticular
15
Q

Papillary layer

A
  1. Dermal papillae
  2. Areolar tissue
  3. Blood vessels; sensory nerves
  4. Nourishes the epidermis
  5. Creates finger prints
16
Q

Reticular layer

A
  1. Dense irregular connective tissue
  2. Colagen fibers
  3. Elastic fibers
  4. Gives the dermis durability
  5. Blood vessels
  6. Sensory neurons
17
Q

Damage to the dermis

A

Wrinkles (aging)

18
Q

Cutaneous sensory receptors

A
  1. Light touch
  2. Pressure
  3. Pain
  4. Temperature
19
Q

Accessory structures

A
  1. Hair
  2. Sebaceous glands
  3. Sudoriferous glands
  4. Nails
20
Q

Sebaceous glands

A
  1. Produces sebum
  2. Cause of acne
    inhibits growth of bacteria, lubricates hair, and keeps skin soft
20
Q

Sudoriferous glands

A
  1. Apocrine sweat glands - responsible for odor; stimulated by sex hormones
  2. Eccrine sweat glands - thermoregulation; all over the body
20
Q

Hair

A
  1. Root hair plexus - sensory
  2. Arrector pili muscle - attached to hair follicle; contraction
21
Q

Ceruminous glands

A

In ear, produce waxy cerumen

21
Q

Nails

A
  1. Protection
  2. Keratinized epidermal cells
22
Q

Injury and repair process

A
  1. Inflammation
  2. Migratory phase - basale cells migrating (scab formation)
  3. Proliferation Phase - dermis repairs self
  4. Scarring phase - inflexible fibrous tissue

Anatomy & Physiology (13 decks)

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