Chapter 2

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Anything that occupies space and has mass

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

A substance that cannot be chemically broken apart

Question 3

Atom

Answer 3

Smallest unit of an element

Question 4

Atomic number

Answer 4

Number of protons

Question 5

Mass number

Answer 5

Protons + Neutrons

Question 5

Valence shell

Answer 5

outermost shell of an atom

Question 6

Free radicals

Answer 6

valence shell with unpaired electrons

Question 7

Isotopes

Answer 7

Atoms with the same number protons but different number of neutrons

Question 8

Ions

Answer 8

Atoms that carry an electrical charge

Question 9

Cation

Answer 9

Positive charge

Question 10

Anion

Answer 10

Negative charge

Question 11

Molecules

Answer 11

Atoms held together by chemical bonds

Question 12

Ionic bonds

Answer 12

Transfer of electrons, attraction between oppositely charged ions

Question 13

Covalent bonds

Answer 13

Atoms share electrons

Question 14

Nonpolar covalent bonds

Answer 14

Atoms are shared equally

Question 15

Polar covalent bond

Answer 15

Atoms are unequally shared

Question 16

Hydrogen Bond

Answer 16

Weak attraction between hydrogen atoms one molecules and the hydrogen atoms of another molecule

Question 17

Decomposition reaction

Answer 17

Hydrolysis

Question 18

Synthesis reactions

Answer 18

Dehydration synthesis

Question 19

Enzymes

Answer 19

Proteins that promote chemical reactions

Question 20

Metabolism

Answer 20

All the chemical reactions in the cell

Question 21

Inorganic molecules

Answer 21

Do not contain hydrogen and carbon together

Question 22

Solvent

Answer 22

That which dissolves

Question 23

Solute

Answer 23

That which is dissolved

Question 24

Acids

Answer 24

Release H+

Question 25

Bases

Answer 25

Remove H+

Question 26

Carbohydrates

Answer 26

C:H:O = 1:2:1, supplies energy to cells, sugars, carbon = water

Question 27

Lipids

Answer 27

C:H = 1:2, nonpolar, insoluble in water

Question 28

Triglycerides

Answer 28

Store energy in cells

Question 29

Fatty Acids

Answer 29

Saturated: Solid at room temp, full Hs.
Unsaturated: Liquid at room temp, plants.
Trans fats: Unsaturated —> Saturated

Question 30

Phospholipids

Answer 30

Cell membrane

Question 31

Amino Acid

Answer 31

Central carbon, hydrogen atom, amino part (NH2,) Carboxylic acid (COOH,) Variable (r) group

Question 32

Protein Functions

Answer 32

1. Support
   2.Movement
2. Transport
3. Buffering
4. Metabolic regulation
5. Coordination and Control
6. Defense

Question 33

Structures of proteins

Answer 33

1. Primary structure: Polypeptide chains
2. Secondary structure: chains fold and coil
3. Tertiary structure: Coiled chains twist and turn
4. Quaternary structure: Two tertiary structures held together

Question 34

Nucleic Acids

Answer 34

Store and process cellular information, DNA/RNA

Question 35

DNA

Answer 35

Stores genetic information, double helix, complimentary pairs.

Question 36

RNA

Answer 36

Made from DNA, carries information to make proteins.

Question 37

ATP

Answer 37

ADP + Phosphate group + Energy = ATP + H20