Chapter 2 Flashcards
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass
Element
A substance that cannot be chemically broken apart
Atom
Smallest unit of an element
Atomic number
Number of protons
Mass number
Protons + Neutrons
Valence shell
outermost shell of an atom
Free radicals
valence shell with unpaired electrons
Isotopes
Atoms with the same number protons but different number of neutrons
Ions
Atoms that carry an electrical charge
Cation
Positive charge
Anion
Negative charge
Molecules
Atoms held together by chemical bonds
Ionic bonds
Transfer of electrons, attraction between oppositely charged ions
Covalent bonds
Atoms share electrons
Nonpolar covalent bonds
Atoms are shared equally
Polar covalent bond
Atoms are unequally shared
Hydrogen Bond
Weak attraction between hydrogen atoms one molecules and the hydrogen atoms of another molecule
Decomposition reaction
Hydrolysis
Synthesis reactions
Dehydration synthesis
Enzymes
Proteins that promote chemical reactions
Metabolism
All the chemical reactions in the cell
Inorganic molecules
Do not contain hydrogen and carbon together
Solvent
That which dissolves
Solute
That which is dissolved