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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

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2
Q

Element

A

A substance that cannot be chemically broken apart

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3
Q

Atom

A

Smallest unit of an element

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4
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons

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5
Q

Mass number

A

Protons + Neutrons

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5
Q

Valence shell

A

outermost shell of an atom

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6
Q

Free radicals

A

valence shell with unpaired electrons

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7
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms with the same number protons but different number of neutrons

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8
Q

Ions

A

Atoms that carry an electrical charge

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9
Q

Cation

A

Positive charge

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10
Q

Anion

A

Negative charge

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11
Q

Molecules

A

Atoms held together by chemical bonds

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12
Q

Ionic bonds

A

Transfer of electrons, attraction between oppositely charged ions

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13
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Atoms share electrons

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14
Q

Nonpolar covalent bonds

A

Atoms are shared equally

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15
Q

Polar covalent bond

A

Atoms are unequally shared

16
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

Weak attraction between hydrogen atoms one molecules and the hydrogen atoms of another molecule

17
Q

Decomposition reaction

A

Hydrolysis

18
Q

Synthesis reactions

A

Dehydration synthesis

19
Q

Enzymes

A

Proteins that promote chemical reactions

20
Q

Metabolism

A

All the chemical reactions in the cell

21
Q

Inorganic molecules

A

Do not contain hydrogen and carbon together

22
Q

Solvent

A

That which dissolves

23
Q

Solute

A

That which is dissolved

24
Q

Acids

A

Release H+

25
Q

Bases

26
Q

Carbohydrates

A

C:H:O = 1:2:1, supplies energy to cells, sugars, carbon = water

27
Q

Lipids

A

C:H = 1:2, nonpolar, insoluble in water

28
Q

Triglycerides

A

Store energy in cells

29
Q

Fatty Acids

A

Saturated: Solid at room temp, full Hs.
Unsaturated: Liquid at room temp, plants.
Trans fats: Unsaturated —> Saturated

30
Q

Phospholipids

A

Cell membrane

31
Q

Amino Acid

A

Central carbon, hydrogen atom, amino part (NH2,) Carboxylic acid (COOH,) Variable (r) group

32
Q

Protein Functions

A
  1. Support
    2.Movement
  2. Transport
  3. Buffering
  4. Metabolic regulation
  5. Coordination and Control
  6. Defense
33
Q

Structures of proteins

A
  1. Primary structure: Polypeptide chains
  2. Secondary structure: chains fold and coil
  3. Tertiary structure: Coiled chains twist and turn
  4. Quaternary structure: Two tertiary structures held together
34
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

Store and process cellular information, DNA/RNA

35
Q

DNA

A

Stores genetic information, double helix, complimentary pairs.

36
Q

RNA

A

Made from DNA, carries information to make proteins.

37
Q

ATP

A

ADP + Phosphate group + Energy = ATP + H20

Anatomy & Physiology (13 decks)

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