Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

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2
Q

Element

A

A substance that cannot be chemically broken apart

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3
Q

Atom

A

Smallest unit of an element

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4
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons

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5
Q

Mass number

A

Protons + Neutrons

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5
Q

Valence shell

A

outermost shell of an atom

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6
Q

Free radicals

A

valence shell with unpaired electrons

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7
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms with the same number protons but different number of neutrons

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8
Q

Ions

A

Atoms that carry an electrical charge

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9
Q

Cation

A

Positive charge

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10
Q

Anion

A

Negative charge

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11
Q

Molecules

A

Atoms held together by chemical bonds

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12
Q

Ionic bonds

A

Transfer of electrons, attraction between oppositely charged ions

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13
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Atoms share electrons

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14
Q

Nonpolar covalent bonds

A

Atoms are shared equally

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15
Q

Polar covalent bond

A

Atoms are unequally shared

16
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

Weak attraction between hydrogen atoms one molecules and the hydrogen atoms of another molecule

17
Q

Decomposition reaction

A

Hydrolysis

18
Q

Synthesis reactions

A

Dehydration synthesis

19
Q

Enzymes

A

Proteins that promote chemical reactions

20
Q

Metabolism

A

All the chemical reactions in the cell

21
Q

Inorganic molecules

A

Do not contain hydrogen and carbon together

22
Q

Solvent

A

That which dissolves

23
Q

Solute

A

That which is dissolved

24
Acids
Release H+
25
Bases
Remove H+
26
Carbohydrates
C:H:O = 1:2:1, supplies energy to cells, sugars, carbon = water
27
Lipids
C:H = 1:2, nonpolar, insoluble in water
28
Triglycerides
Store energy in cells
29
Fatty Acids
Saturated: Solid at room temp, full Hs. Unsaturated: Liquid at room temp, plants. Trans fats: Unsaturated ---> Saturated
30
Phospholipids
Cell membrane
31
Amino Acid
Central carbon, hydrogen atom, amino part (NH2,) Carboxylic acid (COOH,) Variable (r) group
32
Protein Functions
1. Support 2.Movement 3. Transport 4. Buffering 5. Metabolic regulation 6. Coordination and Control 7. Defense
33
Structures of proteins
1. Primary structure: Polypeptide chains 2. Secondary structure: chains fold and coil 3. Tertiary structure: Coiled chains twist and turn 4. Quaternary structure: Two tertiary structures held together
34
Nucleic Acids
Store and process cellular information, DNA/RNA
35
DNA
Stores genetic information, double helix, complimentary pairs.
36
RNA
Made from DNA, carries information to make proteins.
37
ATP
ADP + Phosphate group + Energy = ATP + H20