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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 12: Neural Tissues Anatomy > Flashcards

Chapter 12: Neural Tissues Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Brain and Spinal Cord - INTEGRATION

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

Neural Tissues outsides the CNS. (Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, peripheral nerves, and receptors.)

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3
Q

Nervous System Overview

A
  1. Provides quick responses to stimuli
  2. Maintains Homeostasis
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4
Q

Nervous System Functions

A
  1. Sensory Input
    - monitor stimuli
  2. Integration
    - process stimuli
  3. Motor Output
    - send reaction to stimuli
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5
Q

Classification of the PNS

A
  1. Sensory - Afferent division
  2. Motor - Efferent division
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6
Q

Collaterals

A

Branches

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7
Q

Sensory division of the PNS

A

Carries information to the CNS from sense receptors (input)
1. Somatic - from sense receptors in skin/muscle
2. Visceral - from sense receptors in organs

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8
Q

Somatic Nervous System (Motor)

A

Voluntary, towards skeletal muscles

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9
Q

Motor division of the PNS

A

Carries impulses away from the CNS towards effectors (Muscles and Glands) OUTPUT

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10
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (Motor)

A

Involuntary; towards smooth muscles, glands, and cardiac muscles.

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11
Q

Neuron Function

A
  1. Respond to stimuli
    2.Conduct nerve impulses
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12
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive stimuli; receptive function

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13
Q

Axon

A

Conduct impulses; conductive function

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14
Q

Neurons Characteristics

A
  1. Amitotic
  2. High demand for o2 (only o2)
  3. Extreme longevity
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15
Q

Neuron Cell Body

A

Contains the nucleus
1. Biosynthetic system: rough ER, Mitochondria.
2. Ribosomes, neurofibrils

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16
Q

Axon Hillock

A

Initial segment; connection to cell body

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17
Q

Structural Classification of Neurons

A
  1. Anaxonic
    2.Bipolar
  2. Unipolar
  3. Multipolar
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18
Q

Axoplasmic Transport

A

Trasnport of substances in axon between synaptic terminals and cell body

19
Q

Telodendria

A

Fine extensions; excretory function

20
Q

Anaxonic Neuron

A
  1. No distinction between axon and dendrites
  2. Brain and special sense organs
  3. Function is poorly understood
21
Q

Bipolar Neurons

A

1 Two processes: Axon and Dendrites
2. Rare

22
Q

Unipolar Neurons

A
  1. Dendrites and axon are continuous
  2. Makes up most sensory neurons in the PNS
23
Q

Multipolar Neurons

A
  1. Many dendrites and one axon
  2. Most common
  3. Makes up motor and some interneurons
24
Q

Sensory Neurons (Afferent)

A

Deliver information from sense receptors towards CNS

25
Q

Exteroceptors (Sensory)

A

info. about external environment; touch, temp, sight, hearing, taste, smell

26
Q

Interoceptors (Sensory)

A

monitor viscera; deep pressure, pain, distention

27
Q

Proprioceptors (Sensory)

A

Position and movement of joints and muscles

28
Q

Motor Neurons (Efferent)

A
  1. Deliver information to muscles and glands
  2. Form the efferent division of the PNS
    (Somatic and Autonomic)
29
Q

Interneurons (Associated)

A
  1. Most within the CNS
  2. Higher functions; Integrate (process and analyze)
  3. Distribute sensory input and coordinate motor output
  4. 99% of neurons in body
30
Q

Neuroglia

A

Mitotically active supportive Cells

31
Q

Ependymal Cells (CNS Neuroglia)

A
  1. Lines fluid filled cavities of the CNS
  2. Assist in producing, circulating, and monitoring cerebrospinal fluid
32
Q

Astrocytes (CNS Neuroglia)

A
  1. Maintain Blood –Brain barrier
  2. Isolation of CNS from general circulation
  3. Regulate composition of interstitial fluid of CNS
  4. Structural support
  5. Form scar tissue
33
Q

Microglia (CNS Neuroglia)

A

Phagocytic Cells

34
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A
  1. Myelination of CNS axons; one cells wraps around many axons
  2. NO Neurilemma
35
Q

Myelination

A

The process of acquiring a myelin sheath

36
Q

Satellite Cells (Neuroglia PNS)

A
  1. Surround neuron cell bodies within ganglia
  2. Regulate exchange with interstitial fluid
37
Q

Schwann Cells

A

Myelinating cells of the PNS; wrap around the axon

38
Q

Myelin Sheath

A
  1. Fatty wrapping around axon
  2. Electrically insulates and protects
  3. Increases speed of transmission of signal (150x)
  4. Loss of myelin = loss of function
    ! Cell membrane of Schwann Cell !
39
Q

Neurilemma (PNS)

A

Outer layer with cytoplasm and nucleus of Schwann cell

40
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A
  1. Gaps between cells
  2. Important in sending the signal
41
Q

White Matter of CNS

A

Myelinated fibers

42
Q

Gray Matter of CNS

A

Unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies

43
Q

PNS Axon Repair

A
  1. Schwann cells have neurilemma
  2. Form a guiding canal
  3. Can regrow damaged axons
44
Q

CNS Axon Repair

A
  1. Oligodendrocytes have no neurilemma
  2. Can not reconnect
  3. Astrocytes secrete chemicals that block regrowth and they form scar tissue

Anatomy & Physiology (13 decks)

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