Simulation 09_2023 Flashcards
What agent reverses the anesthetic effect of cortare (rocuronium bromide)?
4 vials of Neostigmine (total 2mg) and 2 vials of atropine (total 1mg)
both the drugs have anticholinesterase activity
What is and how does anti-phospholipid syndrome present?
its a systemic autoimmune dx with antibodies against cells, coagulation factors and complement system.
Causes venous/arterial thrombosis, abortions, fetal deaths, thrombocytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Sjogrens syndrome presents with
Xerostomia or xerophthalmia
CREST sign is from which autoimmune dx
systemic sclerosis
- calcinosis, raynauds phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangectasia
What is primary prophylaxis for anti phospholipid syndrome?
What is secondary prophylaxis?
acetylsalicylic acid for thrombophylaxis
!! If the pt also had lupus use hydroxychloroquine +/- ASA
Secondary: oral anticoagulation
Apple core image is a sign of cancer in which organ
colon
does lorazepam have a hypnotic activity?
no, its an anxiolytic
Which area corresponds to “Bunnell’s no-man’s land” at hand level
zone 2
At the hand level, there are five different areas of injury to the flexor tendons, characterized by different prognoses; Zone 2 presents the worst prognosis for anatomical reasons. Bunnell’s area begins at the level of the distal palmar fold and ends in the middle part of F2, where the insertion of the superficial flexor tendon bends ends.
daBRAFenib, a drug to treat melanoma, targets which molecule?
BRAF
Nivolumab targets?
PD-1
PD-L1 inhibitors are
atezolizumab, durvalumab and avelumab
Ipilimumab is an
CTLA-4 inhibitor
define subclinical hyperthyroidism
low TSH
normal free T4 and T3 levels, without or with minimal symptoms of hyperthyroidism.
What is the pathogenesis of ventricular pseudo-aneurysm
It forms following a transmural infarction that causes wall rupture, which in turn is delimited by thrombosis. This prevents the evolution into hemopericardium and the consequent probable tamponade.
what is the valsalva manuver for varicocele evaluation
during increased abdominal pressure by the patient
Subclinical, when they are neither visible nor palpable but seen on Doppler
grade 1 when it is palpable only during Valsalva
grade 2 when it is palpable even when at rest
grade 3 when visible.
what are side effects of RX
Breast cancer
secondary lymphoma
pulmonary fibrosis
coronary stenosis
NOT LEUKEMIA
How many stages of Angle’s occlusion of teeth
3
In a women with breast cancer treated with adjuvent hormone therapy for 5 years, what do you do to prevent osteoporosis
Prescribe antiresorptive therapy (bisphosphates or denosumab) to protect the bone and adequate supplementation with calcium and vitamin D
What is guilain barre syndrome?
an inflammatory polyradiculoneuritis with ascending tingling, starting from the extremities (hands and feet) and moving up the limbs and trunk in a few days.
leads to paralysis of the four limbs, with areflexia, and with dysautonomia (note respiratory and sphincter function)
TX is IV immunoglobulins
NOT GENETIC
How are levels of validity of scientific work expressed?
Level A includes evidence from multiple randomized experimental studies, Level B includes evidence from one randomized experimental study OR multiple quasi-experimental studies OR multiple large cohort studies, while Level C includes evidence from observational studies (excluding cohort ones) OR by expert consensus.
The appearance of dizziness following efforts, loud noises or increases in external pressure suggests
Minor’s syndrome
What is waste water
water that requires appropriate purification treatments before being eliminated into the environment
When does ascending pyelonephritis occur?
the main causes of infection for women consist in the deformation of the urethra during sexual intercourse, while for men it is often secondary to endoscopic maneuvers.
Factor VII or VIII deficiency is? age of onset? Signs? Signs on coagulation panel
x-linked hereditary haemorrhagic coagulopathy, haemophilia A or B, depending on whether there is a deficiency of factor VIII or IX respectively
Usually the first manifestations occur around the age of one year (include haemarthrosis, muscle haematomas, ecchymoses and mucosal haemorrhages)
The coagulation analysis shows a lengthening of the aPTT with normal platelet counts and prothrombin time.