SIMULATION 01_2023 Flashcards
Il posizionamento in basso della valvola tricuspide prende il nome di
Anomalia di Ebstein
Associated with tricuspid insufficiency, WPW syndrome, prolapse of the mitral valve
Kussmaul sign is
Paradoxical increase in JVP during inspiration OR a drop in pressure during inspiration typically found in cardiac tamponade
Che cosa è il Fattore Reumatoide?
Un anticorpo diretto contro la regione Fc delle immunoglobuline IgG
Is microcytoma (type of lung cancer) radiosensible?
Yes
Qual è il cut-off alla spirometria per parlare di pattern ostruttivo?
FEV1/FVC < 0.7
The Tiffenau index allows a diagnosis of an obstuctive pattern
How to calculate CHA2DS2-VASc?
Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ( > 65 = 1 point, > 75 = 2 points), Diabetes, previous Stroke/transient ischemic attack (2 points), vascular disease, female
Un tumore mammario con istotipo Luminal A is HER2 ( ) and ( ) for hormonal receptors and has a ( ) proliferative index
Il tumore luminal A della mammella è HER2 negativo, con positività dei recettori per gli ormoni (ER+, PR+) e indice proliferativo basso (Ki67<20%).
What are the 4 hypersensitivity reactions?
Type I: reaction mediated by IgE antibodies.
Type II: cytotoxic reaction mediated by IgG or IgM antibodies.
Type III: reaction mediated by immune complexes.
Type IV: delayed reaction mediated by cellular response. (T cells - e.g. contact dermatitis, drug hypersensitivity)
a corretta sequenza di benzodiazepine, ordinate in base a durata d’azione ed emivita crescente? MACD
clonazepam, alprazolam, midazolam, diazepam, flurazepam
midazolam (<6 hrs), alprazolam (6-18 hrs), clonazepam (18-36 hrs),
diazepam (>36ore)
flurazepam (40-114hrs)
un PAP test seguito da biopsia. Siamo in presenza di un atto di prevenzione livello ( )
secondaria
T/F Inosservanza si definisce come colpa specifica
T
un tumore della prostata che si estende per 1/3 di un lobo viene definito come
T2a
un tumore prostatico T2a interessa la metà o meno di un lobo. T1c rappresenta un tumore diagnosticato mediante biopsia prostatica ; T2b un tumore che interessa più della metà di un lobo; T2c un tumore che interessa entrambi i lobi ; T3 un tumore esteso al di fuori della prostata.
Cell mediated illnesses do not include
atopic dermatitis (do include nichel allergy, contact dermatitis)
Becks triad consists of
In case of cardiac tamponade:
Hypotension
Jugular venous distension (PVC)
Distant heart sounds
Burn victim fluid calculation
la formula di Parkland,
WEIGHT (KG) X 4ML X %OF BSA BURNED.
1/2 of this in the first 8 hours and the other half in 16 hours.
For septic shock hypotension tx is
Noradrenaline
Siewart classification for gastroesophageal tumors
3 gruppi di neoplasie:
Siewert I identifica un tumore dell’esofago che si trova tra 1-5cm a monte della linea Z
Siewert II identifica un tumore che si localizza tra 1cm a monte e 2cm a valle della linea Z
Siewert III identifica un tumore che si localizza tra 2-5cm a valle della linea Z
dehydration is associated with hyper or hyponatermia?
hypernatremia
ASA mechanism of action
is an irreversible inhibitor of COX1 and COX2 (more COX1).
An anti-aggregant
The leading cause of death in high income countries from: ischemic heart disease, stroke, congential anomalies, alcheimers, COPD
In low income countries the order is:
Ischemic heart disease, followed by stroke, then COPD
In low income countries: neonatal anomalies, respiratory tract infections, then ischemic heart disease
How does sarcoidosis appear on Xray?
bilateral hilar adenopathy
dry cough + dyspnea + Diabetes insipidus + erythema nodosum
What are the types of cardiac arrest rhythms
two macro-categories: shockable (ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia)
non-shockable (asystole and pulseless electrical activity).
Most frequent extra-articular manifestation of ankylosing spondyloarthropathies?
extra-articular manifestations (mucocutaneous, ocular, intestinal or genitourinary).
Amyloidosis, bilateral apical fibrosis, and IgA nephropathy are all possible extra-articular manifestations of AS, but less frequent than acute anterior uveitis
What test on physical exam for ankylosing spondyloarthropathies
Schober test. It is the semiological examination that allows you to evaluate the rigidity of the spine and the limitation of lumbar motility in the anterior flexion of the spine starting from the upright position.
As an anesthesiologist, what TX do you 100% have to suspend before an intervention?
ACE i for HTN
The intake of statins, fibrates, diuretics (such as furosemide and canrenone), clonidine should not be stopped in preparation for surgery
Define asymptomatic bacteriuria, do you give them tx?
asymptomatic bacteriuria is at least 100,000 CFU per ml of urine - asymptomatic in 2 consecutive urine samples in women and in a single sample in men.
The indications for screening and treatment in adults are represented by pregnancy and subjects who must undergo instrumental urological maneuvers.
What shifts the dissociation of O2 Hb curve to the right? (meaning Hb has a decreased affinity of O2)
increase temp, pCO2, H+, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate
DX method of choice in gastric cancer
EGDS with biopsy
Why does acetazolamide cause metabolic alkalosis?
being a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, causes a reduction in bicarbonate reabsorption at the proximal tubule level
How many cc of volume is the anatomical dead space?
150 cc (is the area that doesn’t participate in gas exchange)
How deep must chest compressions be?
at least 5 cm
in a number of 30 followed by 2 ventilations , at a speed of approximately 100 per minute, therefore just under 2 compressions per second
T/F Tension headache, cluster headache and migraine are types of headaches that are characterized by acute attacks that resolve after a few hours, at most after a few days.
T
T/F In case of benign intracranial hypertension, it is possible to have a “stretch” of the VI cranial nerve which causes double horizontal vision especially from a distance.
T
T/F multiple myeloma presents with hypercalcemia symptoms
T
(such as constipation, polydipsia, vomiting, nausea, mental confusion)
Diagnose with protein electrophoresis which will show a monoclonal peak, and immunofixation which will identify the type of CM.