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Pharm Block 1 > Signal Transduction 1 > Flashcards

Signal Transduction 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is it important understanding signal transduction key:

A

a. cause of abnormalities d/t disfunciton w/ signaling pathway
- . causes disease
- understanding pathways allows us to devo drug therapies

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2
Q

How do cells recieve and respond to signals

A

cells recieve sigs by interacting with cell signal molecues that transude signal and INDUCE a respose as result of signal

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3
Q

Response to signal transduction often involves

A

activation of genes

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4
Q

Three requirements to inducing cell response

A
  1. Sginals cross membrane
  2. Signals transduced through cytoplasm–> nucleaus
  3. Genes need to get expressed
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5
Q

What allows cellular response to occur

A

receptors and intracell signalling molecues

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6
Q

Local mediators secreated by signal cell and recieved by surrounding target

A

paracrine signaling on neighbro

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7
Q

Mediators secreated and recieved by same cell

A

autocrine

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8
Q

NTs secreated by pre-synaptice nerve to cleft, recieved by post cell that is nerve or muscle

A

Synaptic signaling

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9
Q

Hormones secreated into blood stream–> hormones to distant target cells

A

Endocrine signalin

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10
Q

signaling molecule= transmembrane protein, the extracell domain acts as ligand for receptor on target cell and target cell and signal cell in close contact

A

Signaling by plasma-membrane bound molecules

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11
Q

These receptors bind small hydrophobic molecules like steroids, vit D, thyroid hormone, retinoids

A

Intracellular steroid receptors

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12
Q

Two unique characteristics of intrcell steroid receptors

A

Receptors = intracell and interact with thei ligand in either cytoplasm or nucleus
Receptors are ligand activated transcription factors

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13
Q

Receptors are ligand activated transcription factors

A

Intracell steroid receptors

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14
Q

Receptors = intracell and interact with thei ligand in either cytoplasm or nucleus

A

Intracell steroid receptors

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15
Q

Three domains on steroid receptors

A
  1. hormone binding site
  2. DNa binding domain
  3. Transcription activating domain
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16
Q

What happens when an intracellular steroid receptors binds a steroid hormone

A

Receptors dissociates from inhibitory proteins, thus DNA binding domain can interact with DNA

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17
Q

Glucocorticoid receptor is example of

A

intracelllar steroid receptor

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18
Q

Glucocorticoid receptor binds:

A

coritsol once passes through membrane

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19
Q

Cortisol is steroid hormone and is thus

A

hydrophobic

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20
Q

How does cortisol get around in the bloodstream

A

Gets a ride from corticosteroid binding globulin to keep it soluble in blood stream

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21
Q

What is the function of corticosteroid binding globulin

A

gives cortisol a rdie through blood steram bc it’s hydrophobic and drops it off at target cell

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22
Q

Where is the location of the glucocorticoid receptor that cortisol binds to?

A

it’s in the cytoplasm waiting for cytosol

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23
Q

Thyroid receptor and retiod receptors are located

A

in nucleus

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24
Q

Glucocorticoid receptor exsist in acitve/inactive complex in cytosol as it’s associated with

A

inactive

heat shock protein 90

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25
Q

whats teh purpose of heatshock protein HSP90?

A

binds to GR in the cytosol and dissociates when cortisol comes along

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26
Q

Cortisol getting through membrane once it dissociates from CBG is an active or passive process?

A

passive

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27
Q

once cortisol binds to GR, what happens to GR

A

undergoes conformational change and dissociates from the cytosolic proteins that were inhibiting it

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28
Q

GR bound to cortisol heads to:

A

nucleus

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29
Q

In order to hook up with the DNA in the nucleus, the active GR-cortisol must:

A

dimerize

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30
Q

Dimerized GR-cortisol binds with: high/low/intermediate affinity to GRE

A

high affinity

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31
Q

GRE in DNA is:

A

Glucocortocoid response element

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32
Q

Glucocorticoid response element is variable/constant

A

constant region

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33
Q

GRE is an example of :

A

hormone response element

34
Q

Hormone response elements are DNA sequences that bind

A

steroid receptos

35
Q

Where do steroid receptors bind to hormone response elements?

A

near promoter of target gene

36
Q

What is the result of binding an activated steroid receptor to a hormone response elelment on DNA target gene?

A

Can increase OR decrease transcription of target gene

37
Q

Glucocorticoids are useful for:

A

anti-inflammatory agents d/t gene regulation

38
Q

Ion channel linked receptor is

A

membrane receptor

39
Q

G-coupled protein receptor is

A

membrane receptor

40
Q

EnZ linked receptor is

A

membrane receptor

41
Q

Receptors for Ach, GABA, serotonin and glycine have how many subunits and are what tupe of receptor

A

ion-channel linked or ionotropic receptors

5 subs

42
Q

serotonin uses what kind of receptor

A

ligand gated: 5 subs

43
Q

GABA uses what kind of recepto

A

ligand gated w/ 5 subs

44
Q

Ach uses wht kind of receptor

A

ion-gated or ligand gated with 5 subs

45
Q

how many subunits does the Glutamate ligand have

A

4

46
Q

Ionotropic receptors

A

directly control opening and closing of channel

47
Q

directly control opening and closing of channel

A

Ligand gated

48
Q

Activation of ion channel linked receptors are slow or rapid activating

A

rapid with rapid signaling

49
Q

First ion channel to be purified, sequence determined, reconstituted in lipid bilayer

A

nicotinic

50
Q

Nicotinic subunits inclue:

A

alpha 1, and 2, Beta, gamma, delta

51
Q

What binds to nicotinic receptors?

A

Ach

52
Q

where does Ach bind to on nicotonic receptors

A

on the Alpha units which causes opening

53
Q

What happens when Ach binds to alpha subs on nicotinic receptors

A

selective influx of CATIONS

54
Q

Cation influx as result of Ach binding to nicotinic receptors induces:

A

depolarization and excitation

55
Q

Ach is what kind of NT

A

excitatory: causes depoarlization

56
Q

Where are nicotinic recpetors located

A

Neuromusclura jnx
Peripheral auntonomic nervous system
CNS

57
Q

What is our primary postsynaptic INHIBITORY NT in the CNS

A

GABA or gamma-maniobutric acid

58
Q

When GABA binds to receptor:

A

Cl- channels open = influx of Cl—> hyperpolization

59
Q

GABA opens up:

A

Cl- channels

60
Q

influc of Cl- d/t GABA cuases what kind of response

A

hyperpolarizationg or inhibitory

61
Q

Barbituates and benzodiazepine bind to GABA to

A

potentiate inhibitory action of GABA

62
Q

these receptors regulate effect of: NTs, light, odorants, hormoens, extracell messengers like GFs and cytokines

A

G-coupled proteins

63
Q

GPCR is a protein coupled receptor that psses through membrane how many times

A

7

64
Q

The GPCR is for:
The Heterotrimeric G protein is for:
The Effector is our:

A
  • provides specificity
  • Coupling or transducer
  • catalytic componenent to generate 2nd messenger
65
Q

What links our GPCR to the effector enZ

A

the heterotrimeric G protein (has the alpha subunit that dissociates from teh beta/gamma via GTP–>GTP)

66
Q

Transducer of the GPCR system

A

heterotrimeric G protein

67
Q

What part of GPCR sytem provides specificiy?

A

GPCR

68
Q

Heterotrimeric protein has two states:
GDP bound =
GTP bound =

A 
GDP = inactive
GTP = active
69
Q

Which subunit of heterotrimeric protein binds to GTP and interacts with effecto

A

Alpha subunit

70
Q

The alpha subunit on G coupled protein resposible for

A

hydrolyzing GTP–> GDP via GTPase activity

71
Q

which subunit on G protein has GTPase activity

A

alpha sub

72
Q

What part of G protein is bound to membrane

A

beta/gamma and inhibits alpha subunit

73
Q

When a Gprotein is activated by a GCPR we go from an inactive to active state…how?

A

releases the GDP from alpha subunit and picks up GTP on alpha subunit–> alhpa dissociates

74
Q

When alhpa is bound to GTP what will it do

A

dissociate from beta/gamma–> go to effect to transude the message

75
Q

How are heterotrimeric G proteins classified

A

by the type of alpha subunit in heterotrimer

76
Q

Different Galpha subinits will

A

target different receptors and target dif effectors

77
Q

G-alpha-S will:

A

stimulate adenylyl cyclase (on test)

78
Q

G-alpha-i will:

A

inhibit adenylyl cyclase (on test)

79
Q

G-alpha-q will:

A

activate phospholipase C (on test)

80
Q

which alhpa sub will activate adenylyl cyclase

A

G-alpha-a

81
Q

Which alpha sub will activate pholspholipase C

A

G-alpha-q

82
Q

which alpha sub will inhibit adenylyl cyclase

A

G-alpha-i

Pharm Block 1 (23 decks)

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