Adrenergics: Non-Catecholamines

Question 1

Phenylephrine acts only on ____ adrenergic receptors

Answer 1

α1

Question 2

Phenylephrine willl
____Systolic and diastolic blood pressure
_____Heart rate (reflex)
____ Blood flow - most vascular bed

Answer 2

↑
↓
↓

Question 3

Phenylephrine therapeutic uses for opthalmic issues

Answer 3

mydriatic, decrease hemorrhage, conjunctival decongestion

Question 4

Phenylephrine therapeutic uses for nasal decongestant issues

Answer 4

oral or nasal spray

Question 5

• used with local anesthetics to increase duration of action , also for treatment of hypotension (orthostatic hypotension, shock); i.v. administration

Answer 5

Phenylephrine

Question 6

Clonidine is a orally active ___ adrenergic agonist

Answer 6

α2-selective

Question 7

Clonidine acts by directly stiumulating central α2 adrenergic receptors to______ sympathetic outflow

Answer 7

reduce

Question 8

This drug acts by directly stimulating central alpha 2 adrenergic receptors to reduce sympathetic flow

Answer 8

Clonidine

Question 9

Major therapeutic use of Clonidine

Answer 9

anti-hypertensive agent

Question 10

Effects Clonidine has on: 
BP
Peripheral resistance
HR
CO

Answer 10

prolounged BP lowering

decreases peripheral resistance, HR and CO

Question 11

Adverse effects of Clonidine

Answer 11

dry mouth and sedation (occur in 50% of patients); edema,

rebound hypertension with sudden discontinuation

Question 12

other α2 agonists used as anti-hypertensives include:

Answer 12

guanabenz

guanfacine

Question 13

other α2 agonists used ophthalmically to reduce intraocular pressure –

Answer 13

apraclonidine

brimonidine

Question 14

Act mainly on β2 adrenergic receptors – short-acting (3 – 6 h - inhalation)

Answer 14

Albuterol

Question 15

Albuterol is used mainly on:

Answer 15

β2 adrenergic receptors

Question 16

Albuterol is long acting or short acting

Answer 16

short acting

Question 17

Major therapeutic use of albuterol

Answer 17

bronchodilator - asthma -

Question 18

Route of administration of albuterol

Answer 18

Mainly used by inhalation but also available as oral tablets

Question 19

Adverse effects for albuterol incldue:

Answer 19

(greatly reduced by administering by inhalation) – tremor,anxiety, tachycardia

Question 20

While albuterol is our main short acting beta2 agonist, others include

Answer 20

other short-acting β2 agonists used as bronchodilators – metaproterenol,
terbutaline, levalbuterol, pirbutero

Question 21

Salmeterol acts on which receptors

What is route of administration?

Answer 21

• β2 adrenergic receptor agonist available only for inhalation

Question 22

Does Salmeterol have long or short duration of action compared to albuterol?

Answer 22

– long duration of action with inhalation (>12 h)

Question 23

Why is Salmeterol highly lipophilic?

Answer 23

aryl alkyl (11 atoms) substitution on the amine makes the compound highly lipophilic

Question 24

This drug is used for COPD or asthma (either nocturnal or persistant)

Answer 24

Salmeterol

Question 25

Why is Salmeterol not ideal for acute bronchospam?

Answer 25

• Slow onset of action so not suitable as monotherapy for acute bronchospasm

Question 26

What are some other long activing beta 2 agonists besides slameterol

Answer 26

• other long-acting β2 agonists – formoterol (Foradil®),, arformoterol (Brovena®)