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Anatomy 1060 > Shoulder to Elbow > Flashcards

Shoulder to Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

what are some parts at the top of the humerus bone ?

A

head, greater tubercle, anatomical neck, surgical neck, less tubercle and inter tubercular sulcus

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2
Q

what are some parts at the bottom of the humerus bone ?

A

medial epicondyle, trochlea, capitulum, olecranon fossa and lateral epicondyle

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3
Q

what are the two arm compartments ?

A

posterior (extensors) and anterior (flexors)

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4
Q

what nerve innervates the anterior (flexor) compartment ?

A

musculocutaneous N

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5
Q

what nerve innervates the posterior (extensor)

A

radial N

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6
Q

what are the three arm flexors ?

A
  • supination (biceps)
  • shoulder flexion (coracobrachialis)
  • elbow flexion (brachialis)
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7
Q

what happens in the case of a rupture of long head of biceps ?

A

generally not surgically repaired, minimal weakness in upper limb dur to action of brachialis

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8
Q

what does the rupture of long head of biceps look like ?

A

Popeye sign

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9
Q

what is the course of the musculocutaneous nerve ?

A
  • in front of the humerus
  • pierces coracobrachialis
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10
Q

how can the musculocutaneous N be injured ?

A

shoulder dislocation (loss of shoulder flexion, forearm supination and elbow flexion)

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11
Q

what nerve supplies the arm extensors ?

A

radial nerve

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12
Q

what muscle is responsible for forearm extension ?

A

triceps

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13
Q

what muscle is responsible for arm extensions ?

A

long head of the biceps

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14
Q

what is the predominate population of humeral shaft fracture ?

A
  • young people, high-energy trauma
  • older people, osteopenia
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15
Q

what does it mean if you have osyeopenia ?

A

more susceptible to fractures

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16
Q

what is a risk of humeral shaft fractures ?

A

radial N palsy

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17
Q

what symptoms would you expect from a humeral shaft fracture ?

A
  • reduced wrist extension + radial deviation
  • reduced elbow flexion (brachialis)
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18
Q

what nerve innervates the whole posterior upper limb ?

A

the radial nerve

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19
Q

where does the radial nerve course ?

A
  • behind the humerus
  • under lateral head of triceps
  • along radial groove
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20
Q

what is the axilla ?

A
  • armpit
  • fat-filled space
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21
Q

what does the axilla do ?

A
  • provides passageway for blood vessels and nerves
  • contains axillary lymph nodes
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22
Q

what three things can you find at the axilla ?

A

nerves, arteries and veins

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23
Q

what three muscles are the flexors (of the arm) ?

A

biceps, brachialis and coracobrachialis

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24
Q

what muscle is the extensor (of the arm) ?

A

triceps

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25
Q

muscles of the arm are innervated by what two nerves ?

A

musculocutaneous nerve and radial nerve

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26
Q

is radial N palsy possible without a humeral shaft break ?

A

yes

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27
Q

the axilla represents a transition zone from ____

A

the thorax to the upper limb

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28
Q

what is radial N palsy ?

A

condition that affects the radial nerve

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29
Q

what two joints of the elbow form to create the cubital joint ?

A

humeroradial and humeroulnar

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30
Q

what joint is the elbow ?

A

hinge joint (synovial)

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31
Q

what joint is affected during a elbow dislocation ?

A

cubital joint

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32
Q

what happens during an elbow dislocation ?

A

the radius has come off of the capitulum, and the ulna has come off of the trochlea (both have slipped posteriorly)

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33
Q

what is a radial head subluxation ?

A

bone dislocation but does back into its normal spot after

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34
Q

what joint permits pronation/supination at the elbow joint ?

A

the proximal radioulnar joint

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35
Q

what is the cubital fossa ?

A

triangular shaped region in the arm

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36
Q

what does the cubital fossa act as ?

A

a key transition zone from the arm to the forearm for a variety of neurvasculature

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37
Q

what three things is the cubital fossa bounded by ?

A

the epicondyles of the humerus, brachioradialis and pronator teres

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38
Q

what is a phlebotomy ?

A

the surgical opening or puncture of a vein in order to withdraw blood or introduce a fluid

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39
Q

where is the key location for phlebotomy located ?

A

cubital fossa

40
Q

what are the arm flexors muscles acting on the elbow ?

A

biceps and brachialis

41
Q

what are the forearm flexor muscles acting on the elbow ?

A

brachioradialis, pronator Teresa, flexor carpi radialis, palmares longus, flexor carpi ulnarus and flexor digitorum superficialis

42
Q

what are the arm extensor muscles acting on the elbow ?

A

triceps

43
Q

what are the forearm extensor muscles acting on the elbow ?

A

supinator, extensor carpi radialis longus, extenso carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi and estensor carpi radialis

44
Q

what are the three joints that exist within the elbow ?

A

ulnotrochlear, radiocapitellar and proximal radioulnar (URPR)

45
Q

where does flexion of the elbow occur ?

A

ulnotrochlear and radiocaputellar joints

46
Q

where does supination occur (joint) ?

A

proximal radioulnar joint

47
Q

blood supply to the upper limb begins here if you re on the right side

A

brachiocephalic trunk

48
Q

what are the three fusser’s of the scapula ?

A

sub scapular, supraspinous and infraspinous

49
Q

what are the frontal view bones of the pectoral girdle ?

A

clavicle, acromion, coracoid process, glenoid fossa and sternum

50
Q

what are the posterior view bones of the pectoral girdle ?

A

clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula

51
Q

what are the four joints of the shoulder ?

A
  • acromio clavicular joint
  • glenohumeral joint
  • scapulothoracic joint
  • sternoclavicular joint
52
Q

what does the ant. sternclavicular ligament do ?

A

helps secure the head of the clavicle to the first rib

53
Q

what does the inter-clavicular ligament do ?

A

this between the two clavicles hold them together

54
Q

where does the acromiclavicular ligament exist ?

A

between the acromion and the clavicle

55
Q

where do shoulder separations occur ?

A

acrmioclavicular + sternoclavicular joints

56
Q

describe a grade 1 shoulder seperation ?

A

stretching of AC ligament

57
Q

describe a grade 2 shoulder seperation ?

A

rupture of AC lig, stretching of CC ligament

58
Q

describe a grade 3 shoulder seperation ?

A

rupture of AC + CC

59
Q

what joint is the shoudler ?

A

ball and socket

60
Q

what joint has articulation between the head if the humerus and the glenoid fossa ?

A

glenohumeral joint

61
Q

what are glenohumeral ligaments ?

A

thickening of the joint capsule, primarily anteriorly, superiorly and inferiority

62
Q

what four ligaments are found at the glenohumeral joint ?

A
  • superior glenohumeral ligament
  • middle glenohumeral ligament
  • inferior glenohumeral ligament
  • coracohumeral ligament
63
Q

what type of joints do glenoid labrum only exist at ?

A

ball and socket

64
Q

what is the glenoid labrum ?

A

thickening of fibrocartilage around the glenoid fossa

65
Q

what does the glenoid labrum do ?

A

deepens the socket for better contact with the humeral head

66
Q

what happens if you dislocate the should (in regards the glenoid labrum) ?

A

it may be torn

67
Q

what joint is affected during a shoulder dislocation ?

A

glenohumeral joint

68
Q

what does the scapulothoracic joint allow for ?

A

allows for movement between the scapula + thoracic cage, which is critical for arm abduction

69
Q

what two joints allow for arm abduction ?

A
  • glenohumeral jt
  • scapulothoracic jt
70
Q

what is Saturday night palsy ?

A

brachial plexus nerve compression leading to wrist drip and sensory loss on posterior arm (back of arm pushed directly up into the axilla; arm faced down)

71
Q

what nerve is compressed with Saturday night palsy ?

A

the radial nerve

72
Q

radial nerve compression can lead to ________

A

Saturday night palsy

73
Q

what are the superficial layer muscles acting on the shoudler ?

A
  • trapezius
  • latissimus dorsi
  • rhomboids
  • teres major
74
Q

what are the pectoral muscles acting on the shoulder ?

A
  • serrates anterior
  • pectoralis major
  • pectoralis minor
75
Q

what are the deep layer (rotator cuff) muscles acting on the shoulder ?

A
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
  • subscapularis
76
Q

what are the brachium muscles acting on the shoulder ?

A
  • deltoid
  • long head of biceps
  • long head of triceps
77
Q

what nerve innervates the trapezius ?

A

accessory nerve

78
Q

what nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi ?

A

thoracodorsal nerve

79
Q

what nerve innervates the rhomboids ?

A

dorsal scapular nerve

80
Q

what nerve innervates the teres major ?

A

lower subscaoular nerve

81
Q

what nerve innervates the supraspinatus ?

A

suprascapular nerve

82
Q

what nerve innervates the infraspinatus ?

A

supra scapular nerve

83
Q

what nerve innervates the teres minor ?

A

axillary nerve

84
Q

what nerve innervates the subscapularis ?

A

upper and lower sub scapular nerves

85
Q

what are the three muscles of the rotator cuff (SITS) ?

A

supraspinatous, infraspinatous, teres minor and subscapularis

86
Q

what innervates the pectorals major ?

A

lat + med pectoral nerves

87
Q

what innervates the pectorals minor ?

A

medial pectoral nerve

88
Q

what innervates the serrates anterior ?

A

long thoracic nerve ?

89
Q

what is winged scapula ?

A

clinical implication where intact pectorals minor pulls coracoid foward

90
Q

what nerve is impacted during winged scapula ?

A

long thoracic

91
Q

what’s happening in the body during winged scapula ?

A

inactive serrates anterior allows medial boarder of the scapula to move backwards

92
Q

what nerve is innervated by the deltoid ?

A

axillary nerve

93
Q

what three actions does the deltoid do ?

A

flexion, extension and abduction

94
Q

what range of motion of should joint movement is the most fully abducted ?

A

160-180 degrees (serrates anterior muscle and long thoracic nerve)

95
Q

what four joints exist within the shoulder girdle ?

A

-acromioclavicular
- sternoclavicular
- glenohumeral
- scapulothoracic

96
Q

what two joints are responsible for arm abduction ?

A

the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints

Anatomy 1060 (11 decks)

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