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Anatomy 1060 > Branchial Plexus and Compartments > Flashcards

Branchial Plexus and Compartments Flashcards

1
Q

where on the spine does the brachial plexus join together ?

A

C5 - T1

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2
Q

what are the five portions of the brachial plexus ?

A

root
trunks
divisions
cords
branches

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3
Q

what’s an acronym to remember the five portions of the brachial plexus ?

A

really thirsty drink cold beer

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4
Q

what are the roots of the brachial plexus ?

A

C5 - T1

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5
Q

what are the trunks of the brachial plexus ?

A

upper, middle and lower

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6
Q

what are the divisions of the brachial plexus ?

A

anterior and posterior

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7
Q

what are the cords of the brachial plexus ?

A

lateral, medial and posterior

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8
Q

what are the branches of the brachial plexus ?

A
  • axillary
  • radial
  • musculocutaneous
  • median
  • ulnar
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9
Q

what muscles are innervated by the axillary nerve ?

A

teres minor and deltoid (C5 - C6)

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10
Q

what muscles are innervated by the radial nerve ?

A

posterior compartments (C5 - T1)

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11
Q

what muscles are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve ?

A

arm flexors (C5 - C7)

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12
Q

what muscles are innervated by the median nerve ?

A

forearm flexors (C5 - T1)

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13
Q

what muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve ?

A

forearm flexors (C8 - T1)

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14
Q

in the brachial plexus, between extensors and flexors, which face the front/back ?

A

extensors to the back and flexors to the front

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15
Q

which brachial plexus division are extensors ?

A

radial and axillary

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16
Q

which brachial plexus divisions are flexors ?

A

musculocutaneous, median and ulnar

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17
Q

which vertebral bodies combine to form the upper trunk ?

A

C5 - C6

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18
Q

which vertebral bodies combine to form the middle trunk ?

A

C7 (on its own)

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19
Q

which vertebral bodies combine to form the lower trunk ?

A

C8 - T1

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20
Q

what nerve comes off of the upper trunk ?

A

the supra scapular

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21
Q

what nerve comes off of the lateral cord ?

A

lat. pectoral

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22
Q

what nerve comes off of the posterior nerve ?

A

thoracodorsal, upper and lower subscapular

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23
Q

what nerve comes off of the medial cord (anterior division) ?

A

med. pectoral

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24
Q

when C5, C6 and C7 roots all come together, what does that form ?

A

long thoracic

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25
Q

what nerve comes off of the medial cord ?

A

med cutaneous arm and med cutaneous forearm

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26
Q

what branch comes off of the lateral cord ?

A

musculocutaneous nerve

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27
Q

what branch comes off of the posterior cord ?

A

axillary and radial nerve

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28
Q

what branch comes off of the medial branch ?

A

ulnar nerve

29
Q

what branch comes off of both the lateral and medial branch ?

A

median nerve

30
Q

where are the extensor compartment nerves anatomically located ?

A

posterior aspect of the upper limb

31
Q

what two muscles does the axillary innervate ?

A

deltoids and teres minor

32
Q

why is the radial nerve so important ?

A

essentially does everything on the extensor side of the upper limb

33
Q

what nerve only innervates muscles in the arm ?

A

musculocutaneous

34
Q

what two nerves split a lot of the muscles they innervate ?

A

median and ulnar

35
Q

the coracobrachialis, biceps branchii and brachialis are all innervated by what nerve ?

A

musculocutaneous

36
Q

what nerves are multi segmental (meaning that information from multiple roots recombined throughout the plexus to form a single nerve)

A

plexus and peripheral nerves

37
Q

which two nerves are formed from C5 - T1 ?

A

radial and median

38
Q

what are the two brachial plexus injuries ?

A
  • klumpke paralysis
  • erb-duchenne palsy
39
Q

which roots does erb-duchenne palsy affect ?

A

C5 - C6

40
Q

which roots fors klumpke paralysis affect ?

A

(C8 - T1)

41
Q

what is erb-duchenne palsy ?

A

excess angle between neck + shoulder

42
Q

what is klumpke paralysis ?

A

excess angle between arm and body, usually overhead

43
Q

what brachial plexus injury is describes by “excess angle between arm and body, usually overhead”

A

klumpke paralysis

44
Q

what brachial plexus injury is describes by “excess angle between neck + shoulder”

A

erb-duchenne palsy

45
Q

what is the outcome of erb-duchenne palsy ?

A

waiter’s tip
- musculocutaneous + axillary nerve impaired
- paralysis of : deltoid, biceps + brachialis
- limb medial rotation + adduction, extended elbow, pronated foreaem

46
Q

what is the outcome of klumke paralysis ?

A

poor ulnar nerve function
- decease arm and hand movement
- loss of sensation to medial, distal hand

47
Q

between klumpke paralysis and erb-duchenne palsy, which is more common ?

A

erb-duchenne palsy is way more common

48
Q

what is the main function of the brachial plexus ?

A

provides sensory and motor innervation to the upper limb (anything to do with upper limb)

49
Q

how are limb compartments seperated ?

A

by fibrous sheaths

50
Q

what layers around the outside of the whole shank ?

A

fascia layer

51
Q

is flexion of the arm towards the front or back ?

A

front

52
Q

is flexion of the arm towards the front or back ?

A

back

53
Q

in the upper body are flexors / extensors the anterior or posterior part of the body ?

A

flexors = anterior
extensors = posterior

54
Q

what nerve is going to supply everything on the medial aspect (pinky side) ?

A

ulnar nerve

55
Q

what muscles does the median nerve innervate ?

A
  • pronator teres
  • flexor pollicis longus
  • pronator quadratus
  • thenar muscles
  • lumbricals to digits 2, 3
  • flexor digitorum profundus
  • flexor digitorim superficialis
  • palmaris longus
  • flexor carpu radialis
56
Q

what muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate ?

A
  • biceps brachii
  • brachialis
  • coracbrachialis
57
Q

what muscles does the ulnar nerve innervate ?

A
  • flexor carpi ulnaris
  • flexor digitorum profundus
  • palmar interossei
  • adductor pollicis
  • dorsal interossei
  • palmaris brevis
  • hypothenar muscles
  • lumbricals to digits 4 and 5
58
Q

what muscles does the radial nerve innervate ?

A
  • triceps brachii (lateral, long and medial head)
  • supinator
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
  • extensor digiti minimi
  • extensor digitorum
  • brachioradialis
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • posterior interosseous nerve
  • abductor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis brevis, longus
  • extensor indicis
59
Q

what is compartment syndrome ?

A

fibrous sheaths surrounding compartments dont stretch, if damage + swelling occurs pressure can build up

60
Q

what are two common sites of compartment syndrome ?

A

shank and forearm

61
Q

what are the four compartments in the leg ?

A
  • anterior
  • lateral
  • deep
  • posterior
62
Q

what can cause compartment syndrome ?

A

chronic overuse

63
Q

what is the 5 step cycle of compartment syndrome ?

A

pain, tauma/increased blood flow, swelling/bleeding, increased pressure, decreased blood/nerve supply

64
Q

what is fasciotomy ?

A

term for the surgery that’s performed to release the pressure inside of these compartments

65
Q

what is the term used for the surgery that is performed to release the pressure inside of these compartments

A

fasciotomy

66
Q

what do compartments do ?

A

define groups of muscles within the limbs

67
Q

how do muscles within a compartment typically act ?

A

synergistically on a joint

68
Q

how is each compartment supplied ?

A

each compartment is supplied by it’s own neuromuscular bundle (there is a common nerve, artery and vein that supplies that group of muscles)

Anatomy 1060 (11 decks)

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