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Anatomy 1060 > Axial Muscles * > Flashcards

Axial Muscles * Flashcards

1
Q

what is the thoracic cage composed of ?

A
  • 12 ribs
  • sternum
  • costal cartiladge
  • thoracic vertebrae
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2
Q

what is the organization of our 12 ribs ?

A
  • 7 true
  • 3 false
  • 2 floating
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3
Q

what are the three bones of the sternum ?

A

manubrium, body and xyphoid process

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4
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae’s are there ?

A

12

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5
Q

what is the main job of the thoracic cage ?

A

designed to protect vital organs such as the heart, lungs, etc.

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6
Q

what are the two joints found within the vertebraes ?

A

constovertebral and costotransverse

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7
Q

ribs articulate with the vertebrae at the ________ aspect of the thoracic cage

A

posterior

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8
Q

how many vertebrae does the spine have ?

A

24

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9
Q

what three parts is the spine divided into ?

A
  • 7 cervical
  • 12 thoracic
  • 5 lumbar
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10
Q

acronym to remember the order of the spine ?

A

CTL (certified table lover)

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11
Q

how many fused vertebrae are found at the sacrum ?

A

5

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12
Q

what bones are found on the spine ?

A

24 vertebrae, 1 sacrum and 1 coccyx

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13
Q

what type of vertebrae is the largest ?

A

lumbar

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14
Q

what type of vertebrae is the smallest ?

A

cervical

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15
Q

how many fused vertebrae are found at the coccyx ?

A

3-5

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16
Q

what are the two large fossae’s of the Os Coxae ?

A

gluteal and iliac fossea

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17
Q

what is the ox coxae ?

A

one of three bones that make up the pelvis

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18
Q

what are the bones of the pelvic girdle ?

A

sacrum, os coxae, sacroiliac joint and pubic symphysis

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19
Q

where do spinal nerves exit through on the spinal cord ?

A

going to exit through the intervertebral foramen

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20
Q

dorsal is responsible for what neurons ?

A

sensory

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21
Q

ventral is responsible for what neurons ?

A

motor

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22
Q

how do sensory neurons travel ?

A

from pseydounipolar sensory neurons

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23
Q

how do sensory neurons travel ?

A

dorsal rami -> dorsal root -> dorsal root ganglion -> dorsal horn

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24
Q

how do motor neurons travel ?

A

ventral root -> spinal nerve -> ventral rami

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25
Q

how does sensory and motor move in the posterior rami ?

A

sensory from and motor to; zygapophyseal joints and muscles of deep back

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26
Q

how many things does the posterior ramus innervate ?

A

two things

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27
Q

what carries more information; anterior ramus or posterior ramus ?

A

anterior ramus carries far more

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28
Q

what does the dorsal rami most directly innervate ?

A

muscles of the deep back

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29
Q

deep back muscles are classifies as either _____ or _____

A

superficial or deep

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30
Q

where are the superficial deep back muscles ?

A

erector spinae and splenius crevices + captius

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31
Q

what are the three muscles of the erector spinae ?

A
  • iliocostalis
  • longisimus
  • spinalis
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32
Q

what is the acronym for erector spinae ?

A

“I like standing”

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33
Q

where is the splenius cervicis located ?

A

neck

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34
Q

where is the splenius captius located ?

A

head

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35
Q

what are the three muscles of the transverso-spinal group ?

A
  • semispinalis
  • rotatores
  • multifidus
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36
Q

what nerve innervates the deep back muscles ?

A

posterior (dorsi) rami of the spinal nerve

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37
Q

between the erector spinous muscle group which is the most lateral ?

A

iliocostalis

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38
Q

between the erector spinous muscle group which is the closest to the spine ?

A

spinalis

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39
Q

what action does the erector spinous group do ?

A

extend vertebral column and head; laterally flex column

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40
Q

what action does the splenius crevicis do?

A

laterally flex the neck

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41
Q

what action does the splenius capitis do ?

A

rotate + extend head

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42
Q

what is an action of a muscle fully dependent on ?

A

the bones it crosses

43
Q

what action does the semispinalis do ?

A

head + neck extension

44
Q

what action does the multifidus do ?

A

vertebral extension + stabilization

45
Q

what action does the rotatores do ?

A

vertebral extension + stabilization + rotation

46
Q

which transverso-spinalis group muscle runs almost the whole length of the vertebral collum ?

A

multifidus

47
Q

which of the transverso-spinalist group muscles is located the deepest ?

A

rotatores

48
Q

what nerve innervates the transfer-spinalis group ?

A

posterior rami of spinal nerve

49
Q

how many ribs does the thoracic cage have ?

A

24

50
Q

what is the spine made up of ?

A

24 vertebrae + sacrum + coccyx

51
Q

what innervates the deep muscles ?

A

dorsal rami

52
Q

the deep muscles include: ____ , ____ and ____

A
  • erector-spinae muscles
  • splenius cervicis + capitus
  • transverso-spinalis group
53
Q

which nerves is it that are exciting out of your spinal cord ?

A

spinal nerves

54
Q

spinal nerves carry both ____ and ____ information

A

motor and sensory

55
Q

between brain and muscles; how do motor nerves travel ?

A

from brain to muscles

56
Q

between brain and periphery; how do sensory nerves travel ?

A

from periphery to brain

57
Q

where is the anterior rami located ?

A

in thorax (intercostal nerve)

58
Q

how does sensory and motor move in the anterior rami ?

A

sensory from and motor to; everywhere else

59
Q

what are the intercostal nerves ?

A

vein, artery, nerve (superior to inferior)

60
Q

where do the intercostal nerves travel ?

A

travel in costal groove (inferior to rib) for protection

61
Q

what is the acronym for the intercostal nerves ?

A

VAN

62
Q

what is the function of the intercostal nerves ?

A

provides segment innervation throughout the thorax

63
Q

what are the three intercostal muscles that exist between the ribs?

A

external, internal and innermost

64
Q

what does the external intercostal muscle do ?

A

elevates ribs

65
Q

which muscles are used during inspiration ?

A

external intercostal muscles

66
Q

which muscles are used during forces expiration ?

A

internal and intermost intercostal muscles

67
Q

what do the internal and innermost intercostal muscles do ?

A

depresses ribs

68
Q

what innervates the intercostal muscles ?

A

intercostal nerve

69
Q

the external and the internal/innermost intercostal muscles run in opposite direction… in which way do they each move ?

A

external = hands in pocket
internal/innermost = hands at collar

70
Q

what happens to the pressure of the abdominal cavity when the diaphragm contracts ?

A

increase in pressure

71
Q

do contractions of the diaphragm lower or raise domes ?

A

lower

72
Q

what are the three openings of the diaphragm ?

A
  • caval opening (vena cava)
  • esophageal hiatus
  • aortic hiatus W
73
Q

what innervates the diaphragm ?

A

the phrenic nerve

74
Q

at what vertebrae does the diaphragm begin and end ?

A

T8 and T12

75
Q

what two cavities does the diaphragm separate ?

A

thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity

76
Q

what innevates the abdominal muscles ?

A

anterior rami

77
Q

what are the four muscles of the abdomin ?

A
  • external oblique
  • internal oblique
  • rectus abdominus
  • tramsversus abdominus
78
Q

which way does the external oblique muscle travel ?

A

from outside in

79
Q

which way does the internal oblique muscle travel ?

A

from inside to out

80
Q

which way does the rectus abdomens travel ?

A

up to down (vertical)

81
Q

which way does transversus abdominus travel ?

A

side to side (horizontal)

82
Q

how many of the four abdominal muscles “compress abdomen” ?

A

all 4

83
Q

how many of the four abdominal muscles “flex vertebral column” ?

A

external oblique, internal oblique and rectus abdominus

84
Q

how many of the four abdominal muscles “rotate vertebral column + lateral bending” ?

A

external and internal oblique

85
Q

what happens to the abdominal pressure the the abdomen is compressed ?

A

increase abdominal pressure

86
Q

what is an example of flexed vertebral column in the abdominal muscles ?

A

sit-ups

87
Q

what are the landmarks of the external oblique muscles ?

A

linea semilunari (side part) and external oblique aponeurosis

88
Q

what are the landmarks of the internal oblique ?

A

internal oblique aponeurosis/rectus sheath (anterior)

89
Q

what are the landmarks of the rectus abdominus ?

A

linea alabando inguinal ligament

90
Q

what are the landmarks of the transversus andominus ?

A

internal oblique aponeurosis/rectus sheath (posterior), arcuate line and transversals fascia

91
Q

where is the arcuate line located ?

A

just above the belly button for most people

92
Q

what is the function of the arcuate line ?

A

to supply blood to the inferior portion of the anterior abdominal wall

93
Q

what are some differences between the above and below arcuate line ?

A
  • the below arcuate line has no sheath, no posterior sheath and only one layer on the bottom which is the transversalis fascia
  • the above arcuate line has the rectus sheath all around, the rectus sheath superficial while the transversus abdomens and transversals fascia both more deep
94
Q

what is diastasis recti ?

A

clinical condition where we see a separation of the fascia at the linea alba

95
Q

within what population is diastasis recti common ?

A
  • during or following pregnancy, especially with :
    carrying larger or multiple babies, mom of smaller stature or aged 35+
  • also sometimes seen with newborns
96
Q

what is the treatment for diastasis recti ?

A
  • stop all abdominal exercises during pregnancy
  • post-pregnancy ; exercise & physiotherapy
  • sometimes surgery is needed
97
Q

when are lungs undertension ?

A

when breathing

98
Q

what muscles are used during inspiration ?

A

diaphragm and external intercostals

99
Q

what muscles are used during active expiration ?

A

internal and innermost intercostals

100
Q

what action is being done when lung volume increases ?

A

inspiration ( increase in thoracic cavity )

101
Q

what action is being done when lung volume is decreased ?

A

expiration ( decrease in thoracic cavity )

102
Q

what nerve is the thoracic and abdominal muscles innervated by ?

A

anterior rami

103
Q

what are the thoracic muscles ?

A

external, internal and innermost intercostals

104
Q

what is the arcuate line ?

A

a facial division within the abdomen ?

Anatomy 1060 (11 decks)

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