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Anatomy 1060 > Glute to Thigh & Hip * > Flashcards

Glute to Thigh & Hip * Flashcards

1
Q

what is the main goal of the upper limbs ?

A

grasping

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2
Q

what is the main goal of the lower limbs ?

A

weight bearing

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3
Q

where is the lumbosacral plexus located ?

A

pelvis area

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4
Q

for the lower limbs flexor and extensor faces which way ?

A

flexor = back (posterior)
extensor = front (anterior)

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5
Q

what are the 5 nerves of the terminal branches ?

A
  • femoral nerve
  • obturator nerve
  • sciatic nerve
  • tibial nerve
  • fibular nerve
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6
Q

what terminal branch nerve is described by “extensors of knee L2 - L4”

A

femoral nerve

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7
Q

what terminal branch nerve is described by “adductors of hip (flexor) L2 - L4”

A

obturator nerve

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8
Q

what terminal branch nerve is described by “tibial and fibular nerves L4 - S3”

A

sciatic nerve

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9
Q

what terminal branch nerve is described by “flexors of knee plantar flexors & intrinsic flexors of foot”

A

tibial nerve

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10
Q

what terminal branch nerve is described by “common peroneal; dorsiflexors, extensors & evertors of foot L4 - S2”

A

fibular nerve

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11
Q

where does the internal iliac artery supply ?

A

musculature & viscera of the pelvis

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12
Q

where does the external iliac artery supply ?

A

the lower limb

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13
Q

what do deep veins do ?

A

return blood during exercise

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14
Q

what do superficial veins do ?

A

return blood at rest

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15
Q

what is the fascia lata ?

A

fascial plan that surrounds the deep tissues of the thigh (covers whole leg like stockings)

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16
Q

what are the three compartments that the deep fascia divides the shank into ?

A
  • anterior
  • lateral
  • posterior
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17
Q

what are the key landmarks on the proximal femur ?

A
  • head
  • neck
  • fovea
  • lesser trochanter
  • greater trochanter
  • trochanteric fossa
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18
Q

what part of the proximal femur will attach to the pelvis (to create the hip joint) ?

A

the head

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19
Q

what is the Os Coxae ?

A

the three bones together at the pelvis

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20
Q

what are the three bones which fuse at the acetabulum ?

A
  • ilium
  • ischium
  • pubic
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21
Q

where are each of the three bones that fuse at the acetabulum located ?

A

ilium = hands on hip
ischium = under glutes, where you sit
pubis = more lateral side

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22
Q

what are the three bones of the pelvic girdle ?

A

sacrum, the os coxae and the femur

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23
Q

where is the iliac crest located ?

A

the top of pelvis

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24
Q

where is the greater trochanter located ?

A

near head of femur bone

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25
Q

what is the sacroiliac joint ?

A

where the ilium and the sacrum horn together

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26
Q

what is the shaft ?

A

long part of the bone

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27
Q

what are the 5 ligaments of the pelvis ?

A
  • sacrospinous
  • sacrotuberous
  • sacroiliac
  • greater sciatic foramen
  • lesser sciatic foramen
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28
Q

what are the three joints of the perlvis ?

A
  • sacroiliac (SI), hip, and pubic symphysis
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29
Q

describe the sacroiliac joint :

A
  • sacrum + ilium
  • synovial joint
  • relatively immobile due to strong ligaments
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30
Q

describe the pubic symphysis :

A
  • joining of the L & R pubic rami
  • cartilaginous joint
  • hyaline cartilage on ends of the bones, fibrocartilage in between
  • relatively immobile
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31
Q

what are the two main causes of an open book pelvis fracture ?

A

diastasic symphysis pubis (during child birth) or a traumatic injury

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32
Q

what are two complications of an open book pelvis fracture ?

A

infection and hemorrhage

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33
Q

what provides all innervation to the lower limb ?

A

lumbosacral plexus

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34
Q

where does the hip joint connect ?

A

femoral head + acetabulum

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35
Q

what type of joint is a hip joint ?

A

ball and socket

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36
Q

what are the three hip joint ligaments ?

A
  • iliofemoral
  • pubofemoral
  • ischiofemoral
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37
Q

where does the iliofemoral ligament connect ?

A

ilium to femur

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38
Q

where does the pubofermoral ligament connect ?

A

pubis to femur

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39
Q

where does the ischiofemoral ligament connect ?

A

ischium to femur

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40
Q

what are the two intracapsular structures ?

A

acetabular labrum and ligament of head of the femur

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41
Q

what is a hip fracture ?

A

foreshortened external rotation

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42
Q

what is a hip dislocation ?

A

foreshortened internal rotation

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43
Q

_________ helps prevent that rubbing between the gluteal muscles and the bone

A

greater trochanter

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44
Q

what is a foot drop (hip dislocation) ?

A

inability to dorsiflex and reduced eversion

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45
Q

what does “dead drop” look like ?

A

foot hangs, plantar flexed and slightly inverted when raised off of the ground

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46
Q

what anatomically happens when someone has “dead drop” ?

A

head of femur has translocated posteriorly out of the acetabulum and is pushing up against a nerve

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47
Q

when does “dead drop” occur ?

A

when the hip is in flexion

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48
Q

what is a femoral neck fracture ?

A

specific type of intracapsular hip fracture

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49
Q

what is the femoral neck ?

A

connects the femoral shaft with the femoral head

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50
Q

what four gluteal muscles act on the hip ?

A
  • gluteus maximus
  • gluteus medius
  • gluteus minimus
  • tensor fascia latae
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51
Q

what five deep rotators muscles act on the hip ?

A
  • obturator externus
  • obtrurator internus
  • gemelli
  • piriformis
  • quadrates femoris
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52
Q

what two muscles act on the iliopsoas ?

A
  • iliacus
  • psoas
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53
Q

what three thigh muscles act on the hip ?

A
  • flexors
  • hamstring
  • hip abductors
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54
Q

what is the iliopsoas composed of ?

A

iliacus and psoas

55
Q

what is the iliopsoas innervation ?

A

femoral nerve

56
Q

what is the iliopsoas function ?

A

hip flexion

57
Q

what is the posterior aspect of the hip ?

A

gluteals

58
Q

what is the function of the gluteals ?

A
  • hip extension
  • lateral rotation
  • hip abduction
  • medial rotation
59
Q

what is the innervation of the gluteals ?

A

inferior gluteal nerve and superior gluteal nerve

60
Q

what is the function of the deep rotators ?

A

lateral rotation of hip (hip abduction)

61
Q

what is the innervation of the deep rotators ?

A
  • nerve to piriformis
  • nerve to obturator internus
  • nerve to quadrates femoris
  • obturator nerve
62
Q

which hip muscles demonstrate flexion ?

A
  • iliopsoas
  • rectus femoris
  • satoris
  • pectineus
63
Q

which hip muscles demonstrate extension ?

A
  • gluteus maximus
  • semimbranosus
  • semitendinosus
  • bicep femoris (hamstrings)
64
Q

which hip muscles demonstrate ABDuction ?

A
  • gluteus medius
  • gluteus minimus
  • piriformis
  • tensor fascia latae
65
Q

which hip muscles demonstrate ADDuction ?

A
  • adductors longus, brevis & magnus
  • obturator externus
  • pectineus
  • gracilis
66
Q

which hip muscles demonstrate lateral rotation ?

A
  • biceps demoris
  • gluteus maximus
  • piriformis
    (assisted by the obturators, gemilli and quadrates femoris)
67
Q

which hip muscle demonstrated medial roation ?

A
  • anterior fibres of gluteus medius and minimus
  • tensor fascia latae
68
Q

what are the three gluteal region nerves ?

A
  • sciatic nerve
  • superior gluteal nerve
  • inferior gluteal nerve
69
Q

where is the sciatic nerve located ?

A

inferior to the piriformis

70
Q

where is the superior gluteal nerve located ?

A

superior to piriformis

71
Q

where is the inferior gluteal nerve ?

A

inferiori to piriformis

72
Q

what muscle is located at the sciatic nerve ?

A

hamstring

73
Q

what muscle is located at the superior gluteal nerve ?

A

gluteus medius + minimus and tensor fascia latae

74
Q

what muscle is located at the inferior gluteal nerve ?

A

gluteus maximus

75
Q

what is the triangular shaped muscle within the gluteal region nerves ?

A

the piriformis

76
Q

what are the four groups of muscles that act on the hip joint ?

A

gluteals, iliopsoas, thigh and deep rotators

77
Q

where does the ligament of head of the femur attach ?

A

fovea

78
Q

what does “epi” mean ?

A

on top

79
Q

what is the longest bone in the body ?

A

the femur bone

80
Q

what are the three thigh compartments ?

A
  • anterior (extensors)
  • media (adductors)
  • posterior (flexors)
81
Q

what nerve does the anterior (extensors) innervate ?

A

femoral nerve

82
Q

what nerve does the media (adductors) innervate ?

A

obturator nerve

83
Q

what nerve does the posterior (flexors) innervate ?

A

sciatic nerve (tibial)

84
Q

what is the anterior compartment responsible for ?

A

hip flexion and knee extension

85
Q

where is innervation of the anterior compartment ?

A

femoral nerve

86
Q

what are the two parts of the medial compartment ?

A

adductor and hamstring component

87
Q

what is the medial compartment responsible for ?

A

hip adduction, flexion + medial rotation

88
Q

where is innervation of the medial compartment ?

A

obturator nerve

89
Q

what is the adductor menus innovated by ?

A

tibial nerve

90
Q

what muscle is the posterior compartment of the leg ?

A

hamstring

91
Q

the hamstring is responsible for what movment ?

A

knee flexion and hip extension

92
Q

what nerve innervates the posterior compartment ?

A

sciatic nerve

93
Q

between the long and short head which is more deep ?

A

long head

94
Q

what is the pes anserine ?

A

region where three muscles join together to insert at the medial knee

95
Q

what three muscles join to create the pes anserine ?

A
  • sartorius
  • gracilis
  • semitendinosis
96
Q

the three pes anserine muscles are all two joint muscles that connect to the _____ and _____

A

hip and knee

97
Q

where does the sartorius muscle originate ?

A

ilium

98
Q

where does the gracilis muscle originate ?

A

pubis

99
Q

where does the semitendinosis originate ?

A

ischium

100
Q

where is the common insertion of the three pes anserine muscles ?

A

medial tibial condyle

101
Q

what are the three muscles of the anterior thigh ?

A
  • sartorius
  • pectineus
  • rectus femoris
102
Q

what are the three regions of the rectus femoris ?

A
  • lateralis
  • medialis
  • intermedius
103
Q

what are the three muscles of the posterior thigh ?

A
  • semi-tendinosis
  • semi-membranosis
  • biceps femoris
104
Q

what are the four muscles of the medial thigh ?

A
  • gracilis
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor longus
  • adductor magnus
105
Q

where anatomically is the vastus medialis located ?

A

anterior

106
Q

where anatomically is the gracilis located ?

A

medial

107
Q

where anatomically is the semimembranous ?

A

posterior

108
Q

what are the three neruovascular pathways of the leg ? ( summary )

A
  • femoral
  • obturator
  • sciatic
109
Q

the femoral triangle is an important region for _______ of the thigh ?

A

neurovascualr supply on the anterior of the thigh

110
Q

what are the contents of the femoral triangle ?

A

femoral nerve and femoral sheath

111
Q

what are the three borders of the femoral triangle ?

A
  • sartorius
  • inguinal ligament
  • adductor longus
112
Q

what are the 4 holes / regions of the neurovascular pathways of the pelvis ?

A
  • greater sciatic foramen
  • lesser sciatic foramen
  • obturator foramen
  • femoral triangle
113
Q

what two nerves are found at the greater sciatic foramen ?

A

superior gluteal nerve and inferior gluteal nerve + sciatic nerve

114
Q

what nerve is found at the lesser sciatic foramen ?

A

pudenal nerve

115
Q

what nerve is found at the obturator foramen ?

A

obturator nerve

116
Q

what two nerves are found at the femoral triangle ?

A

femoral nerve and femoral A & V

117
Q

after the femoral triangle we travel through ….

A

the subsartorial canal & adductor hiatus

118
Q

where is the sub sartorial canal found ?

A

extends from the femorial triangle between the anterior and medial compartments

119
Q

where is the adductor hiatus found ?

A

hole in hamstrings portion of adductor magnus

120
Q

what “provides passage for femoral vessels from anterior thigh to popliteal fossa”

A

adductor hiatus

121
Q

muscles of the thigh are innervated by :

A
  • femoral (anterior compartment)
  • obturator (medial compartment)
  • sciatic tibial (posterior compartment)
122
Q

what region represents a transition zone from the pelvis to the lower limb ?

A

femoral triangle

123
Q

what’s easier to perform flexors or extensors ?

A

flexors

124
Q

what are deep veins ?

A

same names as arteries

125
Q

what do we cut in the leg if we have a hemorage and may get compartment syndrome ?

A

fascia lata

126
Q

where does the head of the femur attach ?

A

acetabulum

127
Q

what is the acetabulum ?

A

extra extension to hold femur in

128
Q

what does the labrum do ?

A

fibrocartilage that adds stability

129
Q

what are the three main joints of the pelvis ?

A

hip joint, sacroiliac joint and pubic symphysis

130
Q

what is sciatica ?

A

compression of sciatic nerve

131
Q

what is considered the tailor muscle ?

A

the sartorious

132
Q

GAP (medially to upwards) stands for what ?

A

gracilis, adductors longus and pectinous

133
Q

what are the quad muscles ?

A

rectus femoris, the vastus lateralis, intermedius, and medialis

134
Q

what will we find at the femoral triangle ?

A

nerves arteries and veins

Anatomy 1060 (11 decks)

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