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MSK > shoulder and upper arm conditions > Flashcards

shoulder and upper arm conditions Flashcards

1
Q

clavicle fracture etiology

A

fall onto lateral or superior shoulder

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2
Q

clavicle fracture PE: inspection

A

guarded, deformity, ecchymosis, bleeding

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3
Q

clavicle fracture PE: palpation

A

focal tenderness over clavicle

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4
Q

clavicle fracture PE: strength

A

guarded, limmited by pain

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5
Q

clavicle fracture PE: sensation

A

intact, check radial nerve

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6
Q

clavicle fracture treatment

A

refer

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7
Q

distal clavicle fracture treatment

A

surgical - heal poorly without

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8
Q

AC separation: mechanism

A

fall onto lateral shoulder (classic is being tackled)

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9
Q

AC separation: presentation

A

pain, guarding, often deformity

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10
Q

AC separation PE: inspection

A

often a visible deformity, tenting of skin

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11
Q

AC separation PE: palpation

A

tenderness at AC joint

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12
Q

AC seperation PE: ROM

A

can accomplish motion and RTC fxn intact

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13
Q

AC separation PE: sensation

A

intact, check axillary nerve

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14
Q

what to look for on AC separation xray

A

spacing between coracoid and clavicle

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15
Q

when should you refer for a clavicle fracture?

A

skin tenting, overriding greater than 1.5 cm

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16
Q

when should you consider surgery for an AC separation?

A

grade 3 and above

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17
Q

impingement syndrome etiology

A

pinching of the supraspinatus tendon over the humeral head and below the acromion

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18
Q

hallmark of impingement syndrome

A

pain

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19
Q

tests for impingement syndrome

A

arc of pain - 90 to 120 degrees
hawkins maneuver - internal rotation at 90 degrees
impingement test - downward force on acromion with forward flex

20
Q

AC joint arthritis etiology

A

pain at the AC joint with overhead arm use or push pull movement

21
Q

AC joint arthritis findings

A

pain on crossed arm adduction
localized pain at the AC joint with forward flexion, abduction

22
Q

rotator cuff tears: treatment

A

surgery

23
Q

what muscles make up the rotator cuff

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

24
Q

rotator cuff tear: presentation

A

weakness > pain, poor ROM in some

25
Q

rotator cuff tear PE: inspection

A

maybe atrophy

26
Q

rotator cuff tear PE: palpation

A

minimal tenderness

27
Q

rotator cuff tear PE: ROM

A

forward flexion, abduction

28
Q

rotator cuff tear PE: special tests

A

drop arm, virtually diagnostic when positive

29
Q

difference between impingement and RTC

A

maintained rotator cuff strength with impingement

30
Q

glenohumeral dislocation etiology

A

fall with axial load and external rotation

31
Q

glenohumeral dislocation PE: inspection

A

deformity

32
Q

glenohumeral dislocation PE: palpation

A

gently and with neuro exam

33
Q

glenohumeral dislocation PE: sensation

A

test peripheral nerves (axillary, musculocutaneous, ulnar)

34
Q

what imaging view is best for shoulder dislocation

A

axillary view
Scapular Y

35
Q

glenohumeral dislocation treatment

A

reduction, PT

36
Q

adhesive capsulitis

A

frozen shoulder
contraction and scarring of the joint capsule
insidious onset
female 40-55

37
Q

adhesive capsulitis presentation

A

stiffness
loss of function (ADL’s)

38
Q

adhesive capsulitis PE: palpation

A

diffuse tenderness

39
Q

adhesive capsulitis PE: ROM

A

limited by stiffness more than pain
ACTIVE = PASSIVE ROM

40
Q

adhesive capsulitis treatment

A

pain management and PT

41
Q

thoracic outlet syndrome etiology

A

compression of the subclavian artery. can involve brachial plexus
SUPER RARE

42
Q

what can thoracic outlet syndrome mimic

A

carpal tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome, radiculopathy, musc, axillary, and radial nerve palsy

43
Q

thoracic outlet syndrome tests

A

loss of radial pulse with raising arm over head

44
Q

thoracic outlet syndrome presentation

A

pain + tingling that can radiate from neck to shoulder, arm, forearm, and fingers

45
Q

SALT etiology

A

long thoracic nerve palsy leading to serratus anterior nerve palsy which leads to scapular winging

46
Q

SALT presentation

A

loss of tone of rhomboid major, minor and trapezius muscles

MSK (20 decks)

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