arthritis (needs reviewal) Flashcards
JIA/JRA (childhood arthritis)
juvenile idiopathic arthritis
3 major subtypes
Systemic, oligoarticular, polyarticular
all JIA symptoms include
joint pain, swelling, and inactivity stiffness
last at least 6 weeks
younger than 16
systemic JIA etiology + epidemiology
idiopathic, autoimmune
least common
systemic JIA presentation
fever - high spiking, intermittent fever
rash - salmon pink, axilla/around waist. worse with heat
arthritis - wrists, knee, ankles but also any joints
systemic - hepatospenomegaly, lymphandenopathy, serositis. uveitis is rare
systemic JIA diagnosis
fever must be present for 2 weeks, arthritis for 6 weeks
systemic JIA labs
leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, anemia, ESR and CRP elevation
ANA and RF always negative
systemic JIA treatment
NSAIDs, oral glucocorticoids, DMARDS (nonbiologic or biologic), peds rheum referral
DMARDS
suppress bodys overactive immune system
take weeks to months to become effective
systemic JIA complications
destructive damage
macrophage activation syndrome
severe growth retardation
oligoarticular JIA etiology + epidemiology
idiopathic, autoimmune
most common, F>M
oligoarticular JIA presentaiton
arthritis - usually asymmetrical, large joints (knees, ankles, wrists, elbows)
limping w/o pain that improves throughout day
oligoarticular JIA diagnosis
less than 5 joints during first 6 months
oligoarticular JIA labs
ANA - might be positive
ESR - normal/mildly elevated
oligoarticular JIA treatment
NSAIDs, glucocorticoids
regular eye exams
oligoarticular JIA complications
uveitis - 20%
leg length discrepancy
polyarticular JIA etiology + epidemiology
idiopathic, autoimmune
bimodal distribution (2-5, and 10-14)
polyarticular JIA presentation
arthritis - symmetric
<10 years - 1-2 joints, epreads rapidly
older children - rapid onset in multiple joints
polyarticular JIA diagnosis
arthritis in 4+ joints in first 6 months
polyarticular JIA labs
ANA +, ESR elevtaed, mild anemia
+ RF in older than 10 maybe
polyarticular JIA treatment
NSAIDs, DMARDS, oral glucocorticoids
eye exams if positive ANA
polyarticular JIA complications
may cause destructive damage, uveitis, osteoporosis
reactive arthritis
conjunctivitis, urethritis, arthritis
arthritis following an infection
seronegaitve
seronegative
neg RF and ANA
reactive arthritis etiology
GU or GI infections
chlamydia trachomatis, campylobacter
reactive arthritis presentation
arthritis, enthesitis, dactylitis, back pain
extraarticular manifestations - conjunctivitis, urethritis
reactive arthritis labs
HLA-B27
leukocytosis - maybe
genital swab, stool cultures
reactive arthritis treatments
NSAIDs, intraarticular glucocorticoid injections, ABX for chlamydia
RA
chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease that involves joints
RA etiology
unknown, autoimmune
F 2-3 times more often
RA presentation
morning stiffness 30-60 minutes
symmetric joint swelling
arthritis - peripheral joints. DIP joint spared
RA symptoms
fatigure, weight loss, malaise, anemia, splenomegaly, sjogrens
RA PE findings
tenderness to palpation, swelling, bogginess, decreased ROM, joint deformities
common joint deformities RA
ulnar drift, swan neck, boutonneire, subcutaneous rheumatoid nodules on UE extensor surfaces, foot mirrors
RA diagnosis criteria
inflammatory arthritis in 3 or more joints
RF, anti-CCP, ESR, CRP elevation
+ANA
duration of sxs > 6 weeks
RA imaging
joint erosions, displacement on xray
RA treatment
refer to rheum
education, PT/OT
DMARDS, NSAIDs, glucocorticoids (PO or injection)
consider surgery if advanced
RA prognosis + complications
joint damage is irreversible
if untreated - destruction
OA risk factors
advanced age, obesity, female gender, occupation
OA presentation
arthritis - pain, stiffness less than 30 min, weight bearing joints
OA PE
tenderness to palpation along joint line
bony enlargments
decreased ROM
crepitus
joint deformities
OA joint deformities
heberden and bouchard nodes
bony enlargements of knees - varus/valgus
OA diagnosis
clinical
persistent joint pain
age >45
morning stiffness <30min
OA imaging
joint space narrowing, sclerosis of joint line, subchondral cysts, osteophytes
OA lab findings
normal
OA treatment
education, weight loss, exercise, PT/OT
topical and oral NSAIDs, topical capsaicin, duloxetine, intra-atricular glucocorticoids
surgical if failed conservative