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MSK > ankle lecture > Flashcards

ankle lecture Flashcards

1
Q

ankle sprain etiology

A

usually inversion
tear lateral 3 ligaments

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2
Q

degrees of ankle sprain

A

1st degree - ligament stretching
2nd degree - severe stretching/partial tearing
3rd degree - complete rupture

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3
Q

ankle sprain presentation

A

pain, swelling,, +/- weight bearing

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4
Q

ankle sprain PE

A

drawers test, inversion stress

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5
Q

ottawa ankle rules

A

bony tenderness along distal tibia/fibula
bony tenderness at base of 5th metatarsal
inability to bear weight

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6
Q

ankle sprain treatment

A

ice, elevation, immobilization
surgery for 3rd degree

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7
Q

ankle sprain prognosis

A

chronic lateral ankle instability
tx - brace, surgery

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8
Q

ankle fracture etiology

A

malleolar, bimalleolar, trimalleolar
disrupts tib-fib ligament and mortise joint

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9
Q

ankle fracture presentation

A

pain, swelling, bruising, inability to bear weight

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10
Q

ankle fracture weber classification

A

weber A - fracture below syndemosis, no disruption of mortise
weber B - fracture at level of syndemosis, +/- mortise disruption
weber C - disruption of mortise, surgery needed

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11
Q

ankle fracture treatment

A

reduce, immobilize, elevate
surgery if mortise disrupted

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12
Q

calcaneus fracture etiology

A

due to compression (fall from height)
10% associated with lumbar fracture

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13
Q

calcaneus fracture presentation

A

swelling, pain, bruising

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14
Q

calcaneus fracture treatment

A

surgery

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15
Q

talar fracture etiology

A

due to foot hyper plantar flexion

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16
Q

talar fracture presentation

A

pain, swelling, inability to bear weight

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17
Q

talar fracture treatment

A

ice, elevation, immobilization
surgery

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18
Q

talar fracture prognosis

A

can lead to avascular necrosis

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19
Q

midfoot cuboid fracture etiology

A

usually crush injury

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20
Q

midfoot cuboid fracture presentation

A

pain, swelling, tenderness

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21
Q

midfoot cuboid fracture treatment

A

conservative if non displaced
surgical if displaced

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22
Q

midfoot proximal 5th metatarsal fracture etiology

A

avulsion of proximal bone
usually occurs with lateral ankle sprain - always check tenderness of 5th metatarsal

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23
Q

midfoot proximal 5th metatarsal fracture treatment

A

immobilize, crutches

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24
Q

jones fracture of 5th metatarsal etiology

A

not avulsion
involves diaphysis of 5th metatarsal

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25
Q

forefoot stress fracture etiology

A

usually 2nd, 3rd, MTs
excessive stress over time

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26
Q

forefoot stress fracture imaging

A

may not appear on xray for 2-3 weeks
bone scan with repeat xray in 2-3 weeks

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27
Q

forefoot stress fracture treatment

A

rest, possible immobilization

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28
Q

forefoot complete fracture etiology

A

usually crush mechanism

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29
Q

forefoot complete fracture treatment

A

ice, immobilize

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30
Q

forefoot fracture of toes etiology

A

direct trauma or hyperextension

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31
Q

forefoot fracture of toes presentation

A

pain, swelling

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32
Q

forefoot fracture of toes treatment

A

buddy taping, reduce if displaced, stiff soled shoes

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33
Q

mortons neuroma etiology

A

neuropathy of interdigital nerve
usually nerve supplying 2nd and 3rd toes

34
Q

mortons neuroma presentation

A

sudden attacks of sharp/burning pain radiating to toes
pain only with walking but eventually also with rest

35
Q

mortons neruoma treatment

A

steroid/lidocaine injection
surgical excision

36
Q

metatarsalgia etiology

A

pain over middle metatarsal heads d/t faulty weight distribution (…)

37
Q

metatarsalgia treatment

A

treat symptoms or other pathology

38
Q

hallux rigidus etiology

A

stiffness of MTP joint of great toes

39
Q

hallux rigidus presentation

A

pain with walking
tender MTP joint with dorsiflexion

40
Q

hallux rigidus treatment

A

rocker soled shoes, NSAIDs, possible surgery

41
Q

hallux valgus etiology

A

great toe angles inward
common in females

42
Q

hallux valgus presentation

A

deformity

43
Q

hallux valgus treatment

A

wide padded shoes
surgical

44
Q

hammertoe etiology

A

PIP joint fixed in flexion, DIP extended
produces calluses on toe

45
Q

hammertoe treatment

A

operative joint excision

46
Q

mallet toe etiology

A

flexion of DIP joint

47
Q

mallet toe presentation

A

pain, callus formation

48
Q

mallet toe treatment

A

surgery

49
Q

lower leg stress fracture etiology

A

fracture caused by repetitive loading over time

50
Q

lower leg stress fracture presentation

A

pain with activity, sometimes at night

51
Q

lower leg stress fracture PE

A

tenderness, swelling
may not be visible on xray, do MRI or bone scan

52
Q

lower leg stress fracture treatment

A

rest, non weight bearing
tibia - 6-8 wks
fibula - 4 wks

53
Q

pes planus etiology

A

flat foot d/t collapsed medial arch
acquired or congenital (RA, polio)
flexible or rigid

54
Q

pes planus presentation

A

aching feet, shoes wear badly, medial border of foot touches ground

55
Q

pes planus treatment

A

arch support for older children, surgical correction

56
Q

plantar fasciitis etiology

A

overuse injury, strain on fascial fibers

57
Q

plantar fasciitis presentation

A

pain over plantar surface, worse with walking better with rest

58
Q

plantar fasciitis PE

A

TTP

59
Q

plantar fasciitis treatment

A

rest, NSAIDs, heel/arch support, injections if refractory

60
Q

plantar fibroma etiology

A

nodular thickening of plantar fascia in medial arch

61
Q

plantar fibroma presentation

A

painless lump on sole of foot

62
Q

plantar fibroma treatment

A

soft insoles, padding, cortisone injections, surgery

63
Q

sesamoiditis etiology

A

inflammation of sesamoid bones of great toe from repetitive force, high heels

64
Q

sesamoiditis presentation

A

pain swelling proximal to great toe

65
Q

sesamoiditis treatment

A

NSAIDs, orthotics, steroid injection

66
Q

posterior tibial tendonitis

A

posterior tibial tendon overuse

67
Q

posterior tibial tendonitis treatment

A

rest, NSAIDs, immobilize, steroid injection

68
Q

peroneal tendonitis etiology

A

peroneal tendon overuse

69
Q

peroneal tendonitis

A

rest, NSAIDs, immobilize, steroid injection

70
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome etiology

A

entrapment of posterior tibial nerve
due to inflammation from activity, RA, pregnancy

71
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome presentation

A

numbness, pain of sole

72
Q

tarsal tunnel syndrome treatment

A

rest, NSAIDs, immobilization, maybe surgery

73
Q

achilles tendonitis etiology

A

overuse of calf muscles

74
Q

achilles tendonitis presentation

A

tenderness, increased pain with dorsiflexion

75
Q

achilles tendonitis treatment

A

acute: rest, ice, NSAIDs, immobilize
chronic: surgery

76
Q

achilles tendon rupture etiology

A

forced ankle dorsiflexion

77
Q

achilles tendon rupture presentation

A

sudden pain, may hear snap, difficulty stepping off

78
Q

achilles tendon rupture PE (I,P,ROM,Special)

A

I: swelling of distal cald
P: tendon defect
ROM: weak plantar flexion
Special: + thompson test

79
Q

achilles tendon rupture treatment

A

splint in equinus, non weight bearing, refer
casting 8 weeks with PT or surgery

80
Q

hindfoot bursitis etiology

A

overuse injury from poorly fitting shoes

81
Q

hindfoot bursitis presentation

A

inflammation and pain on motion

82
Q

hindfoot bursitis treatment

A

rest, NSAIDs, properly fitting shoes, steroid injection

MSK (20 decks)

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