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MSK > ankle lecture > Flashcards

ankle lecture Flashcards

1
Q

ankle sprain etiology

A

usually inversion
tear lateral 3 ligaments

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2
Q

degrees of ankle sprain

A

1st degree - ligament stretching
2nd degree - severe stretching/partial tearing
3rd degree - complete rupture

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3
Q

ankle sprain presentation

A

pain, swelling,, +/- weight bearing

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4
Q

ankle sprain PE

A

drawers test, inversion stress

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5
Q

ottawa ankle rules

A

bony tenderness along distal tibia/fibula
bony tenderness at base of 5th metatarsal
inability to bear weight

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6
Q

ankle sprain treatment

A

ice, elevation, immobilization
surgery for 3rd degree

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7
Q

ankle sprain prognosis

A

chronic lateral ankle instability
tx - brace, surgery

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8
Q

ankle fracture etiology

A

malleolar, bimalleolar, trimalleolar
disrupts tib-fib ligament and mortise joint

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9
Q

ankle fracture presentation

A

pain, swelling, bruising, inability to bear weight

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10
Q

ankle fracture weber classification

A

weber A - fracture below syndemosis, no disruption of mortise
weber B - fracture at level of syndemosis, +/- mortise disruption
weber C - disruption of mortise, surgery needed

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11
Q

ankle fracture treatment

A

reduce, immobilize, elevate
surgery if mortise disrupted

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12
Q

calcaneus fracture etiology

A

due to compression (fall from height)
10% associated with lumbar fracture

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13
Q

calcaneus fracture presentation

A

swelling, pain, bruising

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14
Q

calcaneus fracture treatment

A

surgery

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15
Q

talar fracture etiology

A

due to foot hyper plantar flexion

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16
Q

talar fracture presentation

A

pain, swelling, inability to bear weight

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17
Q

talar fracture treatment

A

ice, elevation, immobilization
surgery

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18
Q

talar fracture prognosis

A

can lead to avascular necrosis

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19
Q

midfoot cuboid fracture etiology

A

usually crush injury

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20
Q

midfoot cuboid fracture presentation

A

pain, swelling, tenderness

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21
Q

midfoot cuboid fracture treatment

A

conservative if non displaced
surgical if displaced

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22
Q

midfoot proximal 5th metatarsal fracture etiology

A

avulsion of proximal bone
usually occurs with lateral ankle sprain - always check tenderness of 5th metatarsal

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23
Q

midfoot proximal 5th metatarsal fracture treatment

A

immobilize, crutches

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24
Q

jones fracture of 5th metatarsal etiology

A

not avulsion
involves diaphysis of 5th metatarsal

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25
forefoot stress fracture etiology
usually 2nd, 3rd, MTs excessive stress over time
26
forefoot stress fracture imaging
may not appear on xray for 2-3 weeks bone scan with repeat xray in 2-3 weeks
27
forefoot stress fracture treatment
rest, possible immobilization
28
forefoot complete fracture etiology
usually crush mechanism
29
forefoot complete fracture treatment
ice, immobilize
30
forefoot fracture of toes etiology
direct trauma or hyperextension
31
forefoot fracture of toes presentation
pain, swelling
32
forefoot fracture of toes treatment
buddy taping, reduce if displaced, stiff soled shoes
33
mortons neuroma etiology
neuropathy of interdigital nerve usually nerve supplying 2nd and 3rd toes
34
mortons neuroma presentation
sudden attacks of sharp/burning pain radiating to toes pain only with walking but eventually also with rest
35
mortons neruoma treatment
steroid/lidocaine injection surgical excision
36
metatarsalgia etiology
pain over middle metatarsal heads d/t faulty weight distribution (...)
37
metatarsalgia treatment
treat symptoms or other pathology
38
hallux rigidus etiology
stiffness of MTP joint of great toes
39
hallux rigidus presentation
pain with walking tender MTP joint with dorsiflexion
40
hallux rigidus treatment
rocker soled shoes, NSAIDs, possible surgery
41
hallux valgus etiology
great toe angles inward common in females
42
hallux valgus presentation
deformity
43
hallux valgus treatment
wide padded shoes surgical
44
hammertoe etiology
PIP joint fixed in flexion, DIP extended produces calluses on toe
45
hammertoe treatment
operative joint excision
46
mallet toe etiology
flexion of DIP joint
47
mallet toe presentation
pain, callus formation
48
mallet toe treatment
surgery
49
lower leg stress fracture etiology
fracture caused by repetitive loading over time
50
lower leg stress fracture presentation
pain with activity, sometimes at night
51
lower leg stress fracture PE
tenderness, swelling may not be visible on xray, do MRI or bone scan
52
lower leg stress fracture treatment
rest, non weight bearing tibia - 6-8 wks fibula - 4 wks
53
pes planus etiology
flat foot d/t collapsed medial arch acquired or congenital (RA, polio) flexible or rigid
54
pes planus presentation
aching feet, shoes wear badly, medial border of foot touches ground
55
pes planus treatment
arch support for older children, surgical correction
56
plantar fasciitis etiology
overuse injury, strain on fascial fibers
57
plantar fasciitis presentation
pain over plantar surface, worse with walking better with rest
58
plantar fasciitis PE
TTP
59
plantar fasciitis treatment
rest, NSAIDs, heel/arch support, injections if refractory
60
plantar fibroma etiology
nodular thickening of plantar fascia in medial arch
61
plantar fibroma presentation
painless lump on sole of foot
62
plantar fibroma treatment
soft insoles, padding, cortisone injections, surgery
63
sesamoiditis etiology
inflammation of sesamoid bones of great toe from repetitive force, high heels
64
sesamoiditis presentation
pain swelling proximal to great toe
65
sesamoiditis treatment
NSAIDs, orthotics, steroid injection
66
posterior tibial tendonitis
posterior tibial tendon overuse
67
posterior tibial tendonitis treatment
rest, NSAIDs, immobilize, steroid injection
68
peroneal tendonitis etiology
peroneal tendon overuse
69
peroneal tendonitis
rest, NSAIDs, immobilize, steroid injection
70
tarsal tunnel syndrome etiology
entrapment of posterior tibial nerve due to inflammation from activity, RA, pregnancy
71
tarsal tunnel syndrome presentation
numbness, pain of sole
72
tarsal tunnel syndrome treatment
rest, NSAIDs, immobilization, maybe surgery
73
achilles tendonitis etiology
overuse of calf muscles
74
achilles tendonitis presentation
tenderness, increased pain with dorsiflexion
75
achilles tendonitis treatment
acute: rest, ice, NSAIDs, immobilize chronic: surgery
76
achilles tendon rupture etiology
forced ankle dorsiflexion
77
achilles tendon rupture presentation
sudden pain, may hear snap, difficulty stepping off
78
achilles tendon rupture PE (I,P,ROM,Special)
I: swelling of distal cald P: tendon defect ROM: weak plantar flexion Special: + thompson test
79
achilles tendon rupture treatment
splint in equinus, non weight bearing, refer casting 8 weeks with PT or surgery
80
hindfoot bursitis etiology
overuse injury from poorly fitting shoes
81
hindfoot bursitis presentation
inflammation and pain on motion
82
hindfoot bursitis treatment
rest, NSAIDs, properly fitting shoes, steroid injection

MSK (20 decks)

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