gross anatomy of back Flashcards

1
Q

Concave curvatures of the spine

A

cervical and lumbar

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2
Q

convex curvatures of spine

A

thoracic and sacral

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3
Q

abnormal spine curvatures

A

scoliosis (abnormal lateral curve)
kyphosis (hunchback)
lordosis (swayback)

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4
Q

seven processes per vertebra

A

spinous process, transverse process (2), superior articular processes (2), inferior articular process (2)

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5
Q

pars interarticularis

A

segment of bone in between superior and inferior articular facet

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6
Q

what does a defect of the pars interarticularis lead to?

A

Spondylolysis

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7
Q

what is the ligamentum flavum

A

connects laminae of adjacent vertebrae

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8
Q

what is the intervetrebal disc made of?

A

nucleus pulposus, anulus fibrosus

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9
Q

which spinal nerve does not participate in dermatomes

A

C1

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10
Q

what is a dermatome?

A

area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve

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11
Q

what do the dorsal and ventral roots combine to form?

A

spinal nerves

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12
Q

where do spinal nerves emerge from?

A

intervertebral foramina

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13
Q

plexuses?

A

cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral. (T2-T12 not included)

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14
Q

layers of back muscles

A

superficial layer - move upper extremity
intermediate layer - respiratory muscles
deep layer - move trunk and back

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15
Q

trapezius muscle action and nerve

A

action - elevates and depresses shoulder, retracts scapula
nerve - spinal part of accessory nerve

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16
Q

latissimus dorsi action and nerve

A

action - adducts, extends and medially rotates arm (humerus)
nerve - thoracodorsal nerve

17
Q

levator scapulae action and nerve

A

action - elevates the scapular
nerve - dorsal scapular nerve

18
Q

rhomboid minor action and nerve

A

action - retract the scapula
nerve - dorsal scapular nerve

19
Q

rhomboid major action and nerve

A

action - retract the scapula
nerve - dorsal scapular nerve

20
Q

triangle of auscultation

A

triangular area medial to scapula (best place to hear breath sounds)
Overlies 6th intercostal space

21
Q

levatores coastarum action and nerve

A

action - elevates ribs in inspiration
nerve - dorsal rami of thoracic nerves

22
Q

serratus posterior superior action and nerve

A

action - elevated ribs in inspiration
nerve - intercostal nerve (2nd to 5th)

23
Q

serratus posterior inferior action and nerve

A

action - depresses ribs in expiration
nerve - intercostal nerves (9th. to 12th)

24
Q

erector spinae

A

spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis

25
Q

spinotransverse muscles

A

rotatores, multifidus, semispinalis

26
Q

splenius action and nerve

A

action - extends neck and head (unilateral direction)
nerve - dorsal rami of cervical nerve

27
Q

erector spinae action and nerve

A

action - extend trunk and vertebral column
nerve - dorsal rami of cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

28
Q

spinotransverse action and nerve

A

action - extend trunk in bilateral action and rotate vertebral column in unilateral action
nerve - dorsal rami of spinal nerves

29
Q

Nucleus pulposus

A

Inner gelatinous nucleus that gives the disc its elasticity & compressibility

30
Q

Annulus fibrosus

A

Outer collar composed of collagen and fibrocartilage