gross anatomy of back Flashcards
Concave curvatures of the spine
cervical and lumbar
convex curvatures of spine
thoracic and sacral
abnormal spine curvatures
scoliosis (abnormal lateral curve)
kyphosis (hunchback)
lordosis (swayback)
seven processes per vertebra
spinous process, transverse process (2), superior articular processes (2), inferior articular process (2)
pars interarticularis
segment of bone in between superior and inferior articular facet
what does a defect of the pars interarticularis lead to?
Spondylolysis
what is the ligamentum flavum
connects laminae of adjacent vertebrae
what is the intervetrebal disc made of?
nucleus pulposus, anulus fibrosus
which spinal nerve does not participate in dermatomes
C1
what is a dermatome?
area of skin innervated by a single spinal nerve
what do the dorsal and ventral roots combine to form?
spinal nerves
where do spinal nerves emerge from?
intervertebral foramina
plexuses?
cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral. (T2-T12 not included)
layers of back muscles
superficial layer - move upper extremity
intermediate layer - respiratory muscles
deep layer - move trunk and back
trapezius muscle action and nerve
action - elevates and depresses shoulder, retracts scapula
nerve - spinal part of accessory nerve