ortho principles and vocab

Question 1

how many bones are in the human skeleton?

Answer 1

206, 80 axial bones, 126 appendicular bones

Question 2

osteoblast

Answer 2

found within bone, function is to form the tissue and minerals that give bone it’s strength

Question 3

osteoclast

Answer 3

very large cell formed in bone marrow. function to absorb and remove unwanted tissue

Question 4

osteocyte

Answer 4

found within the bone, function to help maintain bone as living tissue

Question 5

cephalad

Answer 5

toward head

Question 6

caudal

Answer 6

towards foot

Question 7

dorsiflexion

Answer 7

pointing foot up towards body

Question 8

plantar flexion

Answer 8

towards the floor

Question 9

volar

Answer 9

palmar aspect of the forearm and hand only. does not apply to foot.

Question 10

how to treat fractures

Answer 10

RICE, Rx (not anti inflammatory), wait to cast.
waiting to cast because of swelling in early weeks of injury.

Question 11

displacement

Answer 11

bone is translated

Question 12

angulation

Answer 12

long bone is angled

Question 13

apposition

Answer 13

bone ends are touching
good for healing. want apposition

Question 14

shortening

Answer 14

bone is displaced and translated longitudinally

Question 15

overriding

Answer 15

same as shortening

Question 16

long bones

Answer 16

proximal third, middle third, distal third
split bone into thirds

Question 17

varus

Answer 17

like riding a horse

Question 18

valgus

Answer 18

knock knee

Question 19

apex volar

Answer 19

angulation towards palm (colle’s)

Question 20

apex dorsal

Answer 20

angulation towards back of hand (smith)

Question 21

greenstick fracture

Answer 21

pediatric fracture where bones bend but don’t break

Question 22

Muscles need ____ to function

Answer 22

Intact Innervation

Question 23

Muscle strain

Answer 23

Injury of a muscle or tendon

Question 24

Muscle contusion

Answer 24

Direct impact or bruising. Know that you can bruise bone as well

Question 25

Synarthrosis

Answer 25

No movement of joint

Question 26

Amphiarthrosis

Answer 26

Slightly movable

Question 27

Diarthrosis

Answer 27

Freely moveable

Question 28

What is the most diarthrotic joint in the human body

Answer 28

hinge joint

Question 29

meniscus

Answer 29

fibrocartilage structure between articular cartilage that provides stability and cushion

Question 30

bursa

Answer 30

fluid filled sack that develops in the spaces between tendons, ligament, and bones; promotes ease of motion and prevents friction

Question 31

tenosynovium

Answer 31

sheath surrounding a tendon that enhances movement or gliding of the tendon

Question 32

MRI allows you to see

Answer 32

soft tissue (ligaments, tendons, muscle)

Question 33

CT allows you to see

Answer 33

bone, muscle, and fat tissues

Question 34

CT contraindications

Answer 34

pregnancy, allergy to contrast dye, kidney/liver disorder, obesity

Question 35

MRI contraindications

Answer 35

ferro-magnetic objects, kidney/liver disorder, claustrophobia

Question 36

what should you avoid ordering for a patient with anterior knee pain

Answer 36

an MRI

Question 37

traction

Answer 37

longitudinal pulling on a limb
most often in femur fractures

Question 38

arthroplasty

Answer 38

joint replacement

Question 39

arthroscope

Answer 39

camera in joint

Question 40

genu

Answer 40

knee

Question 41

insidious

Answer 41

out of nowhere onset

Question 42

mal-union

Answer 42

a condition in which a broken bone heals in a poor alignment or a deformed state

Question 43

osteophyte

Answer 43

an outgrowth of bone which forms around joints, deforming the joints and limiting their movements
commonly found in joints with osteoarthritis

Question 44

planus

Answer 44

flattening of the arch of the foot

Question 45

RICE

Answer 45

rest, ice, compression, elevation

Question 46

subluxation

Answer 46

partial dislocation

Question 47

sprain

Answer 47

ligament injury or stretch

Question 48

strain

Answer 48

tendon injury or stretch