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MSK > knee disorders > Flashcards

knee disorders Flashcards

1
Q

quadriceps tendon rupture etiology

A

traumatic disruption of the quadriceps tendon
mechanism: deceleration injury

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2
Q

quadriceps tendon rupture history

A

audible pop followed by pain

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3
Q

quadriceps tendon rupture PE: (I,P,ROM,Special)

A

I: +/- deformity with a depression above the patella
P: palpable step off or soft spot above the patella
ROM: cannot straight leg raise
Special: straight leg raise

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4
Q

quadriceps tendon rupture xray

A

can be normal - no pull on patella

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5
Q

quadriceps tendon rupture treatment

A

surgery

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6
Q

prepatellar bursistis (housemaid’s knee) etiology

A

inflammation of the bursa over the patella
kneeling excessively

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7
Q

prepatellar bursistis PE (I, P, ROM)

A

I: superficial swelling over patella
P: boggy - can push fluid around
ROM: typically normal, if severe flexion may be limited

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8
Q

prepatellar bursitis treatment dont’s

A

never stick a needle, never drain, get infected really easily

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9
Q

prepatellar bursistis treatment

A

conservative - RICE, activity mod
if gram stain + - surgical bursectomy
aggressive - sterile aspiration

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10
Q

patella dislocation etiology

A

dislocation of the patella laterally
pivoting injury/valgus injury on extended knee

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11
Q

patella dislocation PE (I, P, ROM, Special)

A

I: visible swelling, relocation, or dislocation
P: tenderness medial side of patella
ROM: can’t assess if dislocated
Special: apprehension test

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12
Q

patella dislocation treatment

A

reduce
keep knee straight/extended
knee immobilizer with patellar cutout for 7-10 days, slow PT weeks 2-3, brace week 4-6

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13
Q

patellofemoral pain syndrome etiology

A

pain from the patellofemoral joint
often young kids, associate with distance runners
insidious onset

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14
Q

patellofemoral pain syndrome PE (I,P,ROM,Special)

A

I: normal
P: normal or diffuse tenderness around patella
ROM: normal, maybe pain with knee flexion
Special: patellar apprehension test

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15
Q

another name for patellofemoral pain syndrome

A

chondromalacia of the patella

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16
Q

patellofemoral pain syndrome treatment

A

conservative - RICE, anti-inflammatories, PT, activity modification, bracing

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17
Q

patellar fracture etiology

A

fracture of the patella
blunt trauma/falling directly on patella
unable to ambulate

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18
Q

patellar fracture PE (I,P,ROM,Special)

A

I: swelling, possible abrasion + depression at mid patella
P: anterior tenderness over the patella
ROM: do not assess
Special: can’t straight leg raise

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19
Q

patellar fracture treatment

A

no displacement - knee immobilizier
displaced - surgery (tension band wire)

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20
Q

patellar tendon tear etiology

A

disruption of the patellar tendon
deceleration injury
jumping down from a height of 3 ft or more, abrupt stopping

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21
Q

patellar tendon tear PE (I,P, Special)

A

I: swelling, deformity with patella “high riding patella”
P: tenderness, step off inferior to patella
Special: can’t straight leg raise

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22
Q

patellar tendon treatment

A

surgery

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23
Q

osgood schlatter’s disease etiology

A

pain at insertion of the patellar tendon on the tibial tubercle

24
Q

osgood schlatter’s disease history

A

complaints of chronic focal pain at the tibial tubercle
starting, stopping, jumping sports
often one sided

25
Q

osgood schlatter’s disease PE (I,P,Special)

A

I: normal
P: tenderness at tibial tubercle
Special: focal pain at tibial tubercle with resisted straight leg raise

26
Q

osgood schlatter’s disease treatment

A

conservative - RICE, cho pat straps

27
Q

medial and lateral collateral ligament tear etiology

A

Blow to lateral aspect of knee with foot planted

28
Q

MCL and LCL tear PE (I,P,Special)

A

I: mild to moderate swelling
P: tenderness over MCL or LCL
Special: valgus and varus stress test, lachman test, anterior/posterior drawer test

29
Q

pes anserine bursitis etiology

A

inflammation at 3 hamstring insertion site

30
Q

pes anserine bursitis history

A

insidious onset of medial joint pain
often will point exactly to medial aspect of knee below the joint line
common in long distance runners

31
Q

pes anserine bursitis PE (I, P, Special)

A

I: may see swelling
P: tenderness at medial aspect of knee BELOW joint line
Special: resisted flexion may reproduce pain

32
Q

three tendons that insert at pes anserine bursa

A

sartorius, gracilis, semitendonosis

33
Q

pes anserine bursitis treatment

A

RICE, activity modification, NSAIDs, sports holiday bracing

34
Q

IT band syndrome etiology

A

inflammation of the insertion of the ITB

35
Q

IT band syndrome PE (I, P)

A

I: normal
P: tenderness lateral to knee at the ITB insertion at the superior fibular head and superior

36
Q

femoral condyle fracture etiology

A

fracture of one or both femoral condyles

37
Q

femoral condyle fracture history

A

high energy injury, MVA, fall from height

38
Q

femoral condyle fracture PE (I,P, ROM, NV)

A

I: look for break in skin, swelling
P: severe tenderness at distal femur
ROM: do not assess to avoid displacement
NV: reasonable risk

39
Q

femoral condyle fracture treatment

A

surgical
risk for osteoarthritis
non weight bearing

40
Q

tibial plateau fracture etiology

A

fracture of the proximal tibia - intraarticular

41
Q

tibial plateau fracture history

A

high energy - MV accident

42
Q

tibial plateau fracture PE (I,P,ROM,NV)

A

I: look for break in skin
P: tenderness around proximal tibia
ROM: do not assess to avoid displacement
NV: common fibular nerve (peroneal nerve)

43
Q

tibial plateau fracture treatment

A

surgery - ORIF

44
Q

tibio-femoral dislocation etiology

A

dislocation of the knee tibia posterior
high risk for popliteal artery disruption
high risk for peroneal n. or tibial n. disruption

45
Q

tibio-femoral dislocation history

A

may complain of cool foot or inability to move foot
orthopedic emergency!

46
Q

tibio-femoral dislocation PE (I, P, ROM, NV)

A

I: significant deformity
P: tenderness
ROM: do not assess
NV: high association of peroneal n. or tibial nerve

47
Q

meniscal tear etiology

A

tear in medial or lateral meniscus

48
Q

meniscal tear history

A

can be traumatic or atraumatic (degenerative)
repetitive squatting, twisting or compression

49
Q

meniscal tear PE (I,P, Special)

A

I: normal
P: focal medial or lateral joint line tenderness
Special: Mcmurrays, appley’s, flick, spring

50
Q

meniscal tear treatment

A

do not heal on own, athroscopy

51
Q

ACL tear etiology

A

tear of the anterior cruciate ligament

52
Q

ACL tear history

A

deceleration injury
can be contact or non contact
giving out episode
very painful + non ambulatory or mild pain and ambulatory

53
Q

ACL tear PE (I,P, Special)

A

I: may see large effusion or no effusion
P: non tender
Special: Lachman’s, anterior/posterior drawer test

54
Q

ACL tear treatment

A

surgery
higher risk of osteoarthritis

55
Q

baker’s cyst etiology

A

not a cyst
effusion of joint fluid in the knee

56
Q

baker’s cyst treatment

A

of the intra-articular pathology

MSK (20 decks)

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