Shoulder and elbow problems Flashcards
Who are upper limb fractures most often seen in?
Young- high energy injury
Elderly osteoporotic patient
What is the treatment of an upper limb fracture dependent on?
Fracture configuration
Patient biology
What is the most common type of shoulder dislocation?
Anterior
What are posterior shoulder dislocations associated with?
Seizures
What is the management of a shoulder dislocation?
Manipulation
Immobilisation
Physio
Surgery
What is subacromial impingement?
Pain and dysfunction resulting from any pathology which decreases the volume of subacromial space or increases size of its contents
What are the causes of subacromial impingement?
Bony outgrowth under acromion
Inflammation under supraspinatous
Inflammation under subacromial bursa
Who is subacromial impingement seen in?
30-50 year olds
What are the signs and symptoms of subacromial impingement?
Painful arc
What is the treatment of subacromial impingement?
Subacromual steroid injection
Physio
Arthroscopic subacromial decompression
What is adhesive capsulitis?
Frozen shoulder
What are the types of frozen shoulder?
Primary= idiopathic
Secondary
What are the factors that contribute to secondary frozen shoulder?
DM
Trauma
Previous shoulder surgery
Thyroid dysfunction
What are the signs and symptoms of frozen shoulder?
Early on- severe pain
Increasing stiffness
Thaws by 18-24 months
How is adhesive capsulitis diagnosed?
Clinical
Normal xray
What is the treatment of frozen shoulder?
Analgesia
Physio
Steroid injection
Surgery
What are the causes of rotator cuff tears?
Traumatic
Degenerative
What is the treatment of rotator cuff injuries?
Acute- early surgery
Chronic- surgery if symptomatic
What are the causes of shoulder arthritis?
Osteoarthritis
Inflammatory arthritis
Post traumatic arthritis
What is epicondylitis?
Tendinopathy of flexors/extensors of forearm
What is Golfer’s elbow?
Medial epicondylitis
What are the signs and symptoms of Golfer’s elbow?
Pain on inside of forearm during or after flexion/extension and exacerbated by repeated movement
What is Tennis elbow?
Lateral epicondylitis
What are the signs and symptoms of Tennis elbow?
Pain on outside of arm during flexion/extension and exacerbated by repeated movement
What is th treatment of epicondylitis?
Platelet rich plasma injection into tendon then physio