Bone and soft tissue tumours Flashcards
What is a sarcoma?
Malignant tumour arising from connective tissue
How do sarcoma spread?
Along fascial planes
Haematogenous spread to lungs
Rarely regionally to lymphatics
What are the common type of bone tumours?
Benign
What are the types of benign bone forming tumours?
Osteoid osteoma
Osteoblastoma
What are the types of malignant bone forming tumours?
Osteosarcoma
What are the types of benign cartilage forming tumour?
Enchrondroma
OSteochondroma
What are the types of malignant cartilage forming tumours?
Chrondrosarcoma
What are the types of benign fibrous tissue tumours?
Fibroma
What are the types of malignant fibrous tissue tumours?
Fibrosarcoma
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
What are the types of benign vascular tissue tumours?
Haemangioma
Aneurysmal bone cyst
What are the types of malignant vascular tissue tumours?
Angiosarcoma
What is a benign adipose tissue tumour?
Lipoma
What is a malignant adipose tissue tumour?
Liposarcoma
What are the types of marrow tissue tumours?
Ewing’s sarcoma
Lymphoma
Myeloma
What investigations can be done for suspected tumours?
Xray CT Isotope bone scan MRI Angiography PET Biopsy
What is xray most useful for?
Bone lesions
What is CT most useful for?
Assessing ossification and classification
What is isotope bone scanning most useful for?
Staging of skeletal mets
What are PET scans most useful for?
Assessing response to chemo
What are the types pf primary malignant bone tumours?
Osteosarcoma
Ewings sarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
What are the clinical features of malignant bone tumours?
Pain- increasing, night pain, not exercise related Loss of function- reduced joint movement, stiff Swelling Pathological fracture Joint effusion Deformity Neurovascular effects Systemic effects of neoplasia
What is the treatment for primary malignant bone tumours?
Chemo
Surgery
Radiotherapy
What are the common sites of bone mets?
Vertebrae Proximal femur Pelvis Ribs Sternum Skull
What are the common cancers that spread to the bone?
Big 3 -Lung -Breast -Prostate Kidney Thyroid GI Melanoma
How are bone mets assessed?
Mirel’s criteria
What Mirel’s score would suggest prophylactic intervention is required?
> 8
What are th suspicious signs when suspecting a soft tissue tumour?
Deep tumours Subcutaneous tumour >5cm Rapid growth Hard, craggy, non tender mass Painless Any recurrent mass
What investigations are done for soft tissue tumours?
MRI