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Musculoskeletal (Milly's) > Shoulder > Flashcards

Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

What does the shoulder girdle consist of? (Bones)

A

The clavicle and scapula

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2
Q

What is the name of the shoulder joint?

A

Glenohumeral joint

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3
Q

What is the name of the joint where the sternum and the clavicle join?

A

The sternoclavicular joint (SCJ)

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4
Q

What is the sternoclavicular joint?

A

The joint between the sternum and the clavicle

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5
Q

What is the point at which the scapular and the clavicle join called?

A

The acromioclavicular joint (ACJ)

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6
Q

What is the acromioclavicular joint?

A

The point where the clavicle attaches to the scapula at the acromion

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7
Q

What is the scapulothoracic joint?

A

The point at which the scapula meets the rib cage

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8
Q

What is the name given to the slight lump on the lateral end of the clavicle?

A

The deltoid tubercle

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9
Q

What are the two ends of the clavicle called?

A 
Acromial end (smaller)
Sternal facet (larger/articulating surface)
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10
Q

What part of the humerus is ‘in the shoulder joint’?

A

The head of the humerus

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11
Q

What is the shape of the head of the humerus?

A

Circular (like a hemisphere)

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12
Q

What is the indentation called that is found just distal to the humerus head?

A

The anatomical neck of the humerus

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13
Q

What is the name given to the groove that runs down the proximal-lateral side of humerus?

A

Inter-tubercular groove/bicipital groove

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14
Q

What tendon is found in the bicipital groove?

A

The long head of the bicep

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15
Q

What are found either side of the inter-tubercular groove/bicipital groove? Which is which?

A

The lesser tubercle (anterior)

The greater tubercle (posterior)

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16
Q

What is the name given to the narrowing of the proximal humerus just distal of the greater/lesser tubercles?

A

The surgical neck of the humerus

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17
Q

What is the name of the anterior face of the scapula?

A

Blade

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18
Q

What is the glenoid fossa/glenoid cavity? Where is it found?

A

Articulating surface for the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint), concave surface on the lateral side of scapula

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19
Q

What is the supraglenoid tubercle and where is it found?

A

Top of the glenoid fossa/cavity

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20
Q

What is the infraglenoid tubercle/where would you find it?

A

It is the base of the glenoid fossa/cavity

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21
Q

What is the posterior boney ridge called that arises from the dorsal surface of the scapula?

A

The spine

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22
Q

What are the surfaces that lie either side of the scapula’ spine called?

A

The supraspinous fossa (superior to spine)

The infraspinous fossa (inferior to spine)

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23
Q

What is the lateral of the spine of the scapula called?

A

The acromion

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24
Q

What bone joins to the acromion and what joint is created?

A

The clavicle

The acromioclavicular joint

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25
Q

What is the lateral/anterior structure extending from the scapula?

A

Coracoid process

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26
Q

What is the ligament that joins the acromion and the coracoid process?

A

The coracoacromial ligament

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27
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?q

A

Synovial

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28
Q

What is the glenoid labrum?

A

The fibrous cartilage that surrounds the glenoid fossa, deepens the ‘shoulder socket’

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29
Q

What is the deltoid tuberosity?

A

A rough spot mid way down the lateral side of the humerus shaft

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30
Q

What is the cartilage forming the shoulder socket called?

A

Glenoid labrum

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31
Q

What is the rough spot mid way down the lateral aspect of the humerus called?

A

Deltoid tuberosity

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32
Q

What is the ligament called that runs across the intertubercular/bicipital groove?

A

The transverse ligament

33
Q

Where is the coracohumeral ligament found?

A

Running from the coracoid process (scapula) to the greater tubercle (humerus)

34
Q

Where is the inferior glenohumeral ligament found?

A

Running from the glenoid process (scapula) to the humerus

35
Q

How many glenohumeral ligaments are there?

A

3

36
Q

Name the 3 glenohumeral ligaments

A

Inferior–>
Superior–> glenohumeral ligament
Middle –>

37
Q

What is the coracoclavicular ligament?

A

The ligament running between the coracoid (scapula) and the clavicle

38
Q

How many rotator cuff shoulder muscles are there?

A

4

39
Q

What are the names of the 4 rotator cuff muscles in the shoulder?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

40
Q

What nerve innervates the supraspinatus muscle?

A

Suprascapular nerve

41
Q

What nerve innervates the infraspinatus muscle?

A

Suprascapular nerve

42
Q

What nerve innervates the Teres minor muscle?

A

The axillary nerve

43
Q

What nerve innervates the subscapularis muscle?

A

The upper and lower subscapular nerve

44
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

A

A group of 4 muscles that originate from the scapula and attach the humeral head.
They give the glenohumeral joint a lot of stability as well as having individual actions

45
Q

What are the attachments of the supraspinatous?

A

Originates from the spraspinous fossa of scapula,

Attaches to the greater tubercle of humerus

46
Q

What is the action of the supraspinatus muscle?

A

Abducts the arm 0-15 degrees and assists the deltoid 15-90 degrees

47
Q

What are the attachments of the infraspinatus?

A

Originates from the infraspinous fossa of the scapula,

Attached to the greater tubercle of the humerus

48
Q

What is the action of the infraspinatus muscle?

A

Laterally/externally rotates the arm

49
Q

What are the attachments of the subscapularis?

A

Originates from the subscapular fossa (blade of scapula)
Attaches to the lesser tubercle of the humerus
(Effectively comes round the front from the armpit)

50
Q

What are the attachments of the teres minor muscle?

A

Originates from the infraspinous fossa, adjacent to the lateral border
Attaches to the greater tubercle of the humerus

51
Q

What is the action of the subscapularis muscle?

A

Medically/internally rotates the arm

52
Q

What is the action of the teres minor muscle?

A

Laterally/externally rotates the arm

53
Q

What is rotator cuff tendinitis?

A

It is inflammation of the tendons of the rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus/infraspinatus/teres minor/subscapularis)

54
Q

Which of the 4 rotator cuff muscles is most affected by rotator cuff tendinitis?

A

Supraspinatus

55
Q

Why is supraspinatus most affected by rotator cuff tendinitis?

A

Because it rubs against the coracoacromial arch during abduction- causing inflammation overtime

56
Q

What are the 3 main functions of the clavicle?

A

Attached the upper limb to trunk
Protects the underlying neurovascular structures supplying the upper limb
Transmits force from the upper limb to the axial skeleton

57
Q

What is the large facet odd the eternal end of the clavicle for?

A

Articulation with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint

58
Q

Where does the costoclavicular ligament attach to the clavicle?

A

The interior surface of the sterna end, a rough oval depression

59
Q

The shaft of the clavicle acts as a point of origin and attachment to several muscles, name the 7 muscles

A 
Deltoid
Trapezoid
Subclavius
Pectoralis major
Sternocleidomastoid 
Sternohyoid
60
Q

What is the conoid tubercle on the clavicle?

A

Attachment point of the conoid ligament, medial part of the coracoclavicular ligament (conoid + trapezoid ligaments)

Little lump

61
Q

What is the trapezoid line on the clavicle?

A

Attachment point of the trapezoid ligament,

62
Q

What is the most point of fracture in the clavicle?

A

The junction of the medial 2/3 and lateral 1/3

63
Q

What happens to the lateral end of the clavicle after a fracture of the clavicle? Why?

A

It is displaces inferiorly
Due to weight of arm

It is displace medially
Due to action of pectoralis major

64
Q

After a fracture, what happens to the medial end of the clavicle? Why?

A

It is pulled superiorly

By action of sternocleidomastoid muscle

65
Q

What nerves may be damaged by a fracture in the clavicle?

A

The Suprascapular nerves (media, intermediate and later) may be damaged by the upwards movement of the medial part of the clavicle.
These nerves innervate the lateral rotators of upper limb- damage results in waiters’ tip position

66
Q

What is glenohumeral osteoarthritis?

A

Socket wear and tear

67
Q

How might someone itch glenohumeral osteoarthritis present?

A

Progressive pain and stiffness over years

Crepitus (cracking/popping off a joint)

68
Q

How would you treat glenohumeral osteoarthritis?

A

Analgesia (pain killers)and exercise

Steroid injections

Eventually joint replacement (hemi/TSR/short stem/surface)

69
Q

What is frozen shoulder?

A

Also called adhesive capsulitis

the connective tissue surrounding the glenohumeral joint of the shoulder, becomes inflamed and stiff, greatly restricting motion and causing chronic pain.

70
Q

How would someone with adhesive capsulitis present?

A

Pain -severe, progressive, nocturnal, jerk pain

Progressive stiffness follows

Resolves after 2 or 3 year (pain disappears)

**x rays will be normal

71
Q

How do you treat frozen shoulder?

A

Distension arthrography (stretching the capsule)

Manipulation under anaesthesia

Surgical release

72
Q

Which way does a lateral clavicular fragment displace? Why?

A

It moves medial and inferiorly to the rest of the clavicle due to the weight of the arm

73
Q

What parts of the brachial plexus are most at risk when there is a clavicular fracture?

A

The division of the brachial plexus

The suprascapular nerves may be damaged by the upward movement of the medial part of the fracture

74
Q

Which artery and veins are most at risk of damage from a clavicular fracture?

A

Subclavian and axillary artery and veins depending on where exactly the break is

**Both vessels are running posteriorly to the brachial plexus

75
Q

What is a possible complication of a clavicle fracture that need to be quickly ruled out? How would you do that?

A

Pneumothorax

Auscultation of the chest and an x ray

76
Q

What is the blood supply of supraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular artery

77
Q

What is the blood supply of infraspinatus?

A

Suprascapula artery and circumflex scapular artery

78
Q

What is the blood supply of teres minor?

A

Circumflex scapular artery and posterior circumflex humeral artery

79
Q

What is the blood supply of the subscapularis muscle?

A

Subscapular artery

Musculoskeletal (Milly's) (28 decks)

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