Muscles In The Posterior Compartment Of The Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

What are the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh called and what muscles are there?

A

Hamstrings

Consist of; bicep femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus

(Form prominent tendons medially and laterally at the back of the knee)

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2
Q

As a group what is the action of the hamstrings and what nerve innervates them? Include the nerve’s nerve roots.

A

Extend at the hip, flex at the knee

Innervated by the sciatic nerve (L4-S3)

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3
Q

What and where is the bicep femoris?

A

Most lateral muscle of the posterior thigh

It has two heads- long and short

*the common tendon of the two heads can be felt lateral at the posterior knee

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4
Q

What are the attachments of the biceps femoris muscle of the thigh?

A

Long head- originates from ischial tuberosity of pelvis.

Short head- originates from the linea aspera of the femur.

Join to form a tendon which inserts into the head of the fibula

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5
Q

What is the action of the bicep femoris muscle of the thigh?

A

Main action- flexion at the knee

Also extends the leg at the hip and laterally rotates at the hip and knee

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6
Q

What nerve innervates the bicep femoris muscle of the thigh?

A

Long head- tibial part of the sciatic nerve

Short head- common fibula part of sciatic nerve

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7
Q

What and where is the semitendinosus muscle of the thigh?

A

Posterior thigh

Largely tendinous muscles

It lies medially to the bicep femoris and covers the majority of the semimembranosus

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8
Q

What are the attachments of the semitendinosus muscle of the thigh?

A

Originates form the ischial tuberosity of the pelvis

Attaches to the medial surface of the tibia

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9
Q

What is the action of the semitendinosus muscle of the thigh?

A

Flexion of the leg at the knee joint.
Extension of thigh at the hip.
Medially rotates the thigh at hip and leg at knee

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10
Q

What nerve innervates the semitendinosus muscles of the thigh?

A

Tibial part of the sciatic nerve

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11
Q

What and where is the semimembranosus muscle ?

A

Posterior thigh

Flattered and broad

Located underneath the semitendinosus

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12
Q

What are the attachments of semimembranosus muscle of the thigh?

A

Originates from the ischial tuberosity (more superiorly than the semitendinosus and bicep femoris)

Attaches to the medial tibial condyle

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13
Q

What is the action of the semimembranosus muscles of the thigh?

A

Flexion of the leg at the knee joint.

Extension of thigh at the hip

Medially rotates the thigh at the hip joint and the leg at knee.

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14
Q

What nerve innervates the semimembranosus muscle of the thigh?

A

Tibial part of the sciatic nerve

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15
Q

What does damage to the hamstring muscle fibres often also include?

A

Rupturing of the surrounding blood vessels- producing a haematoma which is then contained by the overlying fascia lata

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16
Q

What is an allusion fracture?

A

Occurs when a fragment of bone breaks away form the main body of bone

17
Q

What can happen if there is an allusion fracture of the ischial tuberosity?

A

The hamstring tendons ‘tear off’ a piece of the ischial tuberosity

Occurs in sports that require rapid contraction and relaxation of muscles (sprinting, football, hurdling etc)