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Musculoskeletal (Milly's) > Posterior Forearm Muscles > Flashcards

Posterior Forearm Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What nerve innervates all the posterior muscles of the forearm?

A

Radial nerve

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2
Q

Name the 7 muscles found in the superior posterior compartment of the forearm

A 
Brachioradialis 
Extensor carpi radialis longus 
Extensor carpi radialis brevis 
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi 
Extensor carpi ulnaris 
Anconeus
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3
Q

What are the attachments of the brachioradialis?

A

Originates from the proximal aspect of the lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus

Attaches to the distal end of the radius (just before the radial styloid process)

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4
Q

What is the action of the bracioradialis muscle of the superior posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexion at the elbow

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5
Q

What nerve innervates the brachioradialis muscle of the superior posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Radial nerve

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6
Q

What are the attachments of the extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL/ECRB)?

A

ECRL- originates from the lateral supracondylar ridge
ECRB- originates from the lateral epicondyle

Both attach to metacarpal bones 2 and 3

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7
Q

What is the action of the extensor carpi radialis longus muscle of the superior posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Extends and abducts the wrist

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8
Q

What is the action of the extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle of the superior posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Extends and abducts the wrist

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9
Q

What nerve innervates the extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis muscles of the superior posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Radial nerve

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10
Q

What are the attachments of the extensor digitorum?

A

Originates from the lateral epicondyle

Splits into 4 tendons which insert into the extensor hood of each finger

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11
Q

What are the actions of the extensor digitorum muscle of the superior posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Extends medial four fingers at the MCP and IP joints

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12
Q

What nerve innervates the extensor digitorum muscle of the superior posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Deep branch of the radial nerve

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13
Q

In some people what two muscles of the superior posterior compartment of the forearm are fused?

A

Extensor digitorum

Extensor digiti minimi

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14
Q

What are the attachments of the digiti minimi muscle of the superior posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Originates form the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Attaches to the extensor hood of the little finger (with extensor digitorum)

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15
Q

What is the action of the digiti minimi muscle of the superior posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Extends the little finger and contributes to extension at the wrist

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16
Q

What nerve innervates the digiti minimi muscle of the superior posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Deep branch of the radial nerve

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17
Q

What are the attachments of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle of the superior posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Originates from the lateral epicondyle

Attaches to the base of metacarpal V

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18
Q

What is the action of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle of the superior posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Extension and adduction of wrist

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19
Q

What nerve innervates the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle of the superior posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Radial nerve (deep branch)

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20
Q

What muscle is blended with the fibres of the triceps brachii?

A

Anconeus

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21
Q

What are the attachments of the anconeus muscle of the superior posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Originates from the lateral epicondyle

Attaches to the posterior and lateral part of the olecranon

22
Q

What is the action of the anconeus muscle of the superior posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Extends and stabilises the elbow joint

Abducts the ulna during pronation of the forearm

23
Q

What nerve innervates the anconeus muscle of the superior posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Radial nerve

24
Q

What is the medical term for tennis elbow?

A

Lateral epicondylitis

25
Q

What is tennis elbow?

A

Inflammation of the periosteum if the lateral epicondyle

*peak age of onset is 40-50 years old

26
Q

What causes tennis elbow?

A

Repeated use of the superficial extensor muscles which strain their common tendinous attachment to the lateral epicondyle

27
Q

What is special about the supinator muscle of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

It is the floor of the cubital fossa

Two heads which the deep branch of the radial nerve passes between

28
Q

What are the attachments of the supinator muscle of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Two heads:

  1. Originates from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus
  2. Originates from the posterior surface of the ulna

Insert together into the posterior surface of the radius

29
Q

What is the action of the supinator muscle of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Supinate the forearm

30
Q

What nerve innervates the supinator muscle of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Radial nerve (deep branch)

31
Q

What are the attachments of the abductor pollicis longus muscle of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Originates from the interosseous membrane and the adjacent posterior surfaces of the radius and ulna

Attcahes to the lateral side of the base of metacarpal 1

32
Q

What is special about the abductor pollicis longus muscle of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Its tendon contributes to the lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox

33
Q

What is the action of the abductor pollicis longus muscle of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Abducts the thumb

34
Q

What nerve innervates the abductor pollicis longus muscle of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Radial nerve (deep branch)

35
Q

Where can the extensor pollicis brevis be found?

A

Medially and deep to the abductor pollicis longus

36
Q

What is special about the extensor pollicis brevis muscle of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Its tendon contributes to the lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox

37
Q

What are the attachments of the extensor pollicis brevis muscle of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Originates from the posterior surface of the radius and interosseous membrane

Attaches to the proximal phalanx of the thumb

38
Q

What is the action of the extensor pollicis brevis muscle of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Extends at the MCP and carpometacarpal joints of the thumb

39
Q

What nerve innervates the extensor pollicis brevis muscle of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch)

40
Q

What is special about the extensor pollicis longus muscle of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Its tendon forms the medial border of the anatomical snuffbox in the hand

41
Q

What are the attachments of the extensor pollicis longus muscle of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Originates from the posterior surface of the ulna and interosseous membrane

Attaches to the distal phalanx of the thumb

42
Q

What is the action of extensor pollicis longus muscle of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Extends all joints of the thumb: carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal

43
Q

What is the innervation of the extensor pollicis longus muscle of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch)

44
Q

Why is the extensor indices proprius muscle of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm important?

A

Becase it allows the index finger to be independent of the other fingers during extension

45
Q

What are the attachments of the extensor indicis propius muscle of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Originates from the posterior surface of the ulna and interosseous membrane (distal to the extensor pollicis longus)

Attaches to the extensor hood of the index finger

46
Q

What is the action of the extensor indicis proprius muscle of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Extends the index finger

47
Q

What nerve innervates the extensor indicis proprius muscle of the deep posterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch)

48
Q

What is a sign of radial nerve injury that has occurred proximal to the elbow?

A

Wrist drop

49
Q

What are the two common site that the radial nerve could be damaged in and how?

A

Axilla: injured via humeral dislocations of fractures of the proximal humerus

Radial groove: injured via humeral shaft fracture

50
Q

In the event of radial nerve lesions, what muscles are paralysed?

A

Those in the extensor compartment (posterior forearm)

51
Q

Why does radial nerve injury lead to wrist drop?

A

Because the extensors are no longer working so the flexor muscles are unopposed and the wrist is held in flexion

Musculoskeletal (Milly's) (28 decks)

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