Shock

Question 1

What is shock?

Answer 1

Collapse of the circulatory system

Question 2

What does shock cause? Why?

Answer 2

Systemic hypo perfusion

Due to decreased CO and blood volume

Question 3

Shock is the final pathway of many problems. Give examples

Answer 3

Severe haemorrhage
Microbial sepsis
Extensive trauma 
Large infarction 
Large pulmonary embolism

Question 4

Shock causes several potential level events. How does shock cause hypoxia?

Answer 4

Hypotension
Decreased tissue perfusion
Cellular hypoxia and death

Question 5

What are the 5 types of shock?

Answer 5

Cardiogenic - failure of myocardium
Hypovolaemic - loss of blood
Septic - systemic infection
Neurogenic - depression of vasomotor centre
Anaphylactic - generalised IgE mediated hypersensitivity

Question 6

What are the 3 stages of shock?

Answer 6

Non-progressive stage
Progressive stage
Irreversible stage

Question 7

What is the main cause of shock?

Answer 7

Bacteraemia with endotoxins

Cause systemic dilation, decreased contractility and DIC = multiorgan system failure

Question 8

How do bacteria cause DIC?

Answer 8

Lysis of gram positive bacteria
Cause excess cytokine production
Inflammatory response and DIC

Question 9

How does shock cause systemic inflammatory response syndrome?

Answer 9

Neutrophils adhere to endothelial cells
Release proteases and oxygen radicals
Cause capillary damage and haemorrhage