Diseases of haemostasis Flashcards
What are the 4 normal stages of haemostasis?
Vasoconstriction
Primary haemostasis
Secondary haemostasis
Thrombus and antithrombin events
What is released to cause vasoconstriction and reduced blood loss during haemorrhage?
Endothelin
What happens if there is too much or too little haemostasis?
Too much = thrombosis
Too little = bleeding disorders
What happens during primary haemostasis?
Platelets adhere to exposed sub endothelial matrix
Adhesion of platelets causes activation and shape change
Platelets release secretory granules to form a haemostat plug
What happens during secondary haemostasis?
Endothelium exposure to tissue factor activates the coagulation cascade
Thrombin is activated and converts fibrinogen to fibrin
What happens during the antithrombotic evens of haemostasis (final stage)?
Fibrin and platelets form solid, permanent haemostatic plug
What are the normal components of haemostasis?
Endothelium
Platelets
Clotting pathway (coagulation cascade)
Fibrinoltic system
What produces the proteins in the coagulation cascade? What do they cause the release of?
Liver
Releases thrombin which converts fibrinogen to fibrin
What does the fibrinolytic system do?
Remove blood clot (thrombus)
Thrombin degrades fibrin
Give an example of an inherited coagulation deficiency
Haemophilia
Each clotting factor has different disorder associate with it
Haemophilia A and B are factors 8 and 9 deficiency
What causes thrombocytopenia? (can be acquired or inherited)
Immune system destroys platelets
Decreased platelet production
Removal of thrombocytes
Give examples of acquired coagulopathies
Poisoning with vitamin K antagonists
Hepatic disease
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
What is a thrombosis? What causes thrombosis?
Formation of solid mass (thrombus) on wall of blood vessel or heart
Excess clotting
What are mural thromboses and heart vegetations?
On heart wall = mural thrombus
On heart valves = heart vegetations
What 3 conditions predispose an individual to a thrombosis?
Endothelial injury
Hyper coagulability
Abnormal blood flow (turbulence or stasis)