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Pathology > Intro to inflammation > Flashcards

Intro to inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What is inflammation?

A

Protective response to injury and damaged cells

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2
Q

What are examples of injury that cause inflammation?

A 
Infectious agents
Temperature
Radiation 
Cancer
Necrotic cells
Trauma
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3
Q

What are the 5 signs of inflammation?

A 
Swelling 
Heat
Loss of function 
Redness 
Pain
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4
Q

Is inflammation part of the immune response? What main cells are involved? What mediates inflammation?

A

Yes
Leukocytes (WBCs)
Chemical factors

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5
Q

When does inflammation stop?

A

Once injurious stimulus removed or mediators inhibited

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6
Q

What are the 4 main components of inflammation?

A

Leukcocytes (WBCs)
Plasma
Blood vessels (endthelial cells)
Cells and extracellular matrix

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7
Q

What proteins are present in plasma that aid inflammation?

A

Clotting factors
Fibrinogen
Bradykinin
Complement

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8
Q

What leukocytes aid inflammation?

A 
Polymorphonuclear WBCs (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)
Mononuclear WBCs (lymphocytes, monocytes)
Platelets
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9
Q

How do blood vessels and endothelial cells help inflammation?

A

Allow movement of WBCs

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10
Q

Apart from WBCs, what cells in extracellular matrix aid inflammation?

A 
Mast cells (round cells, oval nuclei)
Fibroblasts (long thin cells, oval nuclei)
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11
Q

What are the functions of extracellular matrix?

A

Reservoir for water and growth factors
Cells adhere to ECM
Cells migrate and proliferate within ECM

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12
Q

Extracellular matrix consists of locally secreted proteins that assemble into spaces around cells. What fibrous components make up ECM?

A

Collagen
Elastin
Ahesive glycoproteins
Proteogylcans

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13
Q

What are chemical mediators derived from?

A

Plasma or cells

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14
Q

What triggers the release of chemical mediators of inflammation?

A

Inflammatory stumulus

Or produced by necrotic cells themself

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15
Q

What do chemical mediators bind to? Are they long or short lived? What do they cause?

A

Specific receptor
Short lived
Cause direct enzyme activity or mediate oxidative damage

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16
Q

Give example of vasoactive amines that act as chemical mediators of inflamation?What is their main source?

A

Histmaine - from mast cells

Serotonin - from platelets and mast cells

17
Q

What do vasoactive amines cause?

A

Dilation or arterioles
Constriction of large areries
Induction of endothelial gaps

18
Q

Give examples of arachidonic acid metabolites that act as chemical mediators

A

Prostaglandins
Leukotrienes
Lipoxins

19
Q

What long does acute inflammation last? What are the main characteristics?

A

Short

Oedema and neutrophils

20
Q

How long does chronic inflammation last? What are the main characteristics?

A

Long duration

Lymphocytes, macrophages, blood vessel proliferation, fibrosis, cell degeneration

21
Q

Which white blood cells dominate in acute inflammation? What about chronic infalmmation

A

Acute - neutrophils

Chronic - lymphocytes and macrophages

22
Q

What is exudate?

A

Fluid emitted from a wound

Escape of fluid, proteins and blood cells from blood vessel into interstitial tissues

23
Q

Is exudate present in chronic or acute inflammation?

A

Acute

24
Q

What is transudate?

A

Fluid emitted due to increased hydrostatic pressure or decreased osmotic colloid pressure

25
Q

How does transudate differ to exudate?

A

Exudate - inflammation, contains protein and blood cells

Transudate - not caused by inflammation, contains less proteins and clearer

26
Q

What is pus?

A

Inflammatory exudate rich in WBCs and cell debris

27
Q

What does the suffix itis mean?

A

Inflammation

28
Q

What is the suffix osis?

A

Non-inflammatory lesion which causes tissue damage

29
Q

What is the suffix apathy?

A

Problem or lesion in an organ

Unknown cause

30
Q

What is peracuate inflammation?

A

In-between acute and chronic

Very severe but shorter duration than chronic

31
Q

What are the degrees of inflammation?

A

Mild
Moderate
Severe

32
Q

What are the durations of inflammation?

A

Peracute (minutes to hours)
Acute (hours to days)
Subacute (days)
Chronic (months +)

33
Q

What are the distributions of inflammation?

A 
Focal - one area
Multifocal 
Extensive - large focal area
Disseminated - multiple areas thought organ 
Diffuse - covered

Pathology (22 decks)

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