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Pathology > Chronic inflammation > Flashcards

Chronic inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

Chronic inflammation is the simultaneous occurrence of what 3 things?

A

Active inflammation
Tissue destruction
Attempts at repair

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2
Q

What cells are involved with active inflammation during chronic inflammation?

A

Mononuclear cell filtration - macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells

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3
Q

What happens during chronic inflammation attempts to repair?

A

Fibrosis
Connective tissue replaces damaged tissue
Angiogenesis

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4
Q

When might chronic inflammation occur?

A

Persistent infections
Prolonged irritation not resolved by acute inflammation
Cellular immune response

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5
Q

What is mononuclear infiltration (part of active inflammation)?

A

Recruitment of monocytes and macrophages

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6
Q

What are the roles of macrophages in chronic inflammation?

A 
Phagocytosis
Antigen presentation 
Secreting proinflammatories and enzymes 
Wound healing 
Regulation of WBC pools
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7
Q

What is cells do lymphocytes interact with in chronic inflammation?

A

Macrophages

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8
Q

What do plasma cells (differentiated B cells) produce?

A

Antibodies

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9
Q

What are Mott cells?

A

Plasma cells containing Russell’s bodies (golgi filled with antibodies)

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10
Q

Chronic parasitic inflammation also sees the recruitment of which cells?

A

Mast cells

Eosinophils

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11
Q

Are neutrophils present in chronic inflammation?

A

First response

Chronic suppurative inflammation only

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12
Q

What is the difference between neutrophils and macrophages in terms of cell division?

A

Neutrophils - incapable of dividing

Macrophages - undergo mitosis

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13
Q

What is the difference between neutrophils and macrophages in terms of differentiating at the injury site?

A

Neutrophils - terminally differentiated on injury site arrival
Macrophages - differentiate when activate by inflammatory stimuli

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14
Q

Neutrophils are capable of chemotaxis, phagocytosis, extravasation and degranulation. Macrophages are also capable of this, however what else do they cause?

A

Fever
Leukocytosis
Acute phase response

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15
Q

Chronic inflammation includes attempts at healing. How does it aim to restore anatomy and function?

A

Replace damaged tissue with healthy tissue - regeneration and repair

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16
Q

What are labile cells?

A

Continuously dividing cells due to population of stem cells e.g. epidermis

17
Q

What are stable cells?

A

Quiescent - dormant. Low level of replication but proliferate in response to injury e.g. hepatocytes

18
Q

What are permanent cells?

A

Non-dividing cells, cannot undergo mitosis

E.g. cardiomyocytes

19
Q

What is fibrosis?

A

Deposition of collagen fibres to replace lost tissue

NOT same as fibrin!

20
Q

What are the 4 stages of fibrosis?

A

Angiogenesis (neovascularsiation)
Migration and proliferation of fibroblasts
ECM deposition - scar formation
Remodelling of fibrous tissue - replace granulous tissue with scar

21
Q

What is chronic proliferative inflammation?

A

Formulation of granulation tissue

22
Q

What is abscess formation?

A

Due to chronic or acute

Suppurative inflammation

23
Q

What is within each of the 3 layers of abscesses?

A

Outer layer - old granulation tissue, few cells
Middle - young granulation tissue, some cells
Inner - purulent exudate

24
Q

How do abscesses form?

A

Necrosis of tissue
Emigration of neutrophils
Phagocytosis and necrosis

25
Q

What are abscesses composed of?

A

Abscess membranes

Liquefaction

26
Q

What are ulcers? What causes them?

A

Damage to epithelial cells on tissue surface

Sloughing off of necrotic cells

27
Q

Where are ulcers mainly seen?

A

GI tract
Urogenital tract
Skin

28
Q

What happens in the chronic stage of ulceration?

A

Wall formation and scarring

29
Q

What is granulomatous inflammation?

A

Macrophage dominated chronic inflammation

30
Q

What is a granuloma?

A

Focal area of granulomatous inflammation

31
Q

What is granulation tissue?

A

Growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) into deposited fibrin during repair

32
Q

Which cells are granulocytes?

A

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Pathology (22 decks)

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