SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS Flashcards

1
Q

AVERAGE NUMBER OF YEARLY DIAGNOSIS OF STIs IN ENGLAND (2009-2018)

A

400,000 - 450,000

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2
Q

WHICH STI DIAGNOSES INCREASED IN ENGLAND IN MEN BETWEEN 2009 AND 2018?

A
  • GONORRHOEA (LSO IN WOMEN)

- SYPHILIS

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3
Q

STI RATES IN FEMALE TEENAGERS IN ENGLAND COMPARED TO MALE TEENAGERS?

A

RATES IN FEMALE TEENS ARE MORE THN TWICE THAT OF MALE TEENAGERS

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4
Q

IN WHICH AGE GROUPS ARE STI RATES HIGHER IN WOMEN THAN IN MEN (IN ENGLAND)?

A

15-19

20-24

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5
Q

HOW MANY STI DIAGNOSES ARE THERE DAILY IN ENGLAND (ACCORDING TO PHE DATA) IN PEOPLE YOUNGER THAN 25?

A

400 DAILY (‘ONE CASE EVERY 4 MINS’) –> MORE RISKY BEHAVIOURS

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6
Q

WHICH ETHIC GROUP (MALE0 HAS THE HIGHEST RATES OF STIs IN ENGLAND?

A

BLACK CARIBBEAN (FOLLOWD BY BLACK AFRICAN AND BLACK OTHER)

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7
Q

WHICH AREA TENDS TO HVE HIGHEST STI RTES IN TH UK?

A

AREAS OF LONDON

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8
Q

RATES OF TI DIAGNOSES BY INDEXOF MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION (ENGLAND, 2018)?

A

THOSE MOST DEPRIVED —> HIGHEST RATES

- THE MORE DEPRIVED THE HIGHEST THE STI RATE (STEP WISE INCREASE AND DECREASE)

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9
Q

WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION IN THE UK?

A

CHLAMYIDIA

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10
Q

CHLAMYDIA

A
  • MOST COMMON SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION IN UK
  • TRANSMITTED SEXUALLY AND ALSO FROM MOTHER TO CHILD
  • OFTEN ASYMPTOMATIC (THE INCIDENCE IS POPULATION IS THEREFORE USULLY CONSIDERABLY HIGHER THAN WHAT DATA SUGGESTS –> THE MORE YOU TEST, THE MORE YOU’LL FIND)
  • SYMPTOMS: PAIN WHEN URINATING (MOST COMMON), VAGINAL/PENILE DISCHARGE, BLEEDING DURING/AFTER SEX, BETWEEN PERIODS (F) OR HEAVY PERIODS, LOWER ABDOMINAL PAIN, TESTICULAR PAIN
  • CAUSES PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE WHICH CAN LEAD TO INFERTILITY, MISCARRIAGE AND ECTOPIC PRGENANCY (F)
  • CAN LEAD TO ORCHITIS, RECTIVE ARTHRITIS AND INFERTILITY (M)
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11
Q

GONORRHOEA

A
  • BACTERIAL INFECTION - NEISSERIA GONORRHOEA
  • CAN INFECT THE CERVIX, URETHRA, THROAT AND EYES
  • MORE FREQUENTLY SYMPTOMATIC THAN CHLAMYIDA
  • SYMPTOMS: THICK GREEN/YELLOW DISCHARGE, PAINFUL URINATION, ABDNORMAL BLEEDING (F)
  • CAUSES PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE WHICH CAN LAD TO INFERTILITY, MISCARRIAGE, ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
  • IN MALES CAN LEAD TO ORCHITIS (TESTICULAR INFLAMMATION) AND PROSTATITIS
  • RARELY! CAN CAUSE REACTIVE ARTHRITIS. MENINGITIS AND INFERTILITY
  • CAN BE PASSED ON TO A BAY DURING BIRH, LEADING TO EYE INFECTION SYMPTOMS WITH A THICK DISCHARGE
  • RATES OF GONORRHOEA HAVE BEEN INCREASING IN BOTH SEXES (THE RISE MORE PROMINENT IN MEN; HIGH RATE OF TRANSMISSION AMONGST MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN)
  • HARDLY ANY CASES IN WOMEN WHO HVE SEX WITH WOMEN
  • RATES VERY SIMILAR IN HETEROSEXUAL MEN AND WOMEN
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12
Q

SYPHILIS

A

BACTERIAL INFECTION - TREPONEM PALLIDUM

  • TRANSMITTED SEXUALLY, FROM MOTHER TO CHIL (CAUSING CONGENITAL SYPHILIS OR STILLBIRTH) AND THROUGH SHARIG NEEDLES
  • 3 (SYMPTOMATIC) STAGES: PRIMARY (WITHIN 3 MONTHS OF INITIAL INFECTION, PEOPLE GET A SINGLE PAINLESS ULCER, USULLY IN THE GENITAL AREA, GOES AWAY ON ITS OWN), SECONDARY (DEVELOPS 2-8 WEEKS LATER, SYMPTOMS INCLUDE WHOLE BODY RASH, + POSSIBLE FEVER, SORE THROAT, WEIGHT LOSS AND HAIRLOSS —> WILL ALSO HEAL ON ITS OWN), LATENT STAGE (1-20 YEARS, SO SYMPTOMS BUT THE PERSON STILL INFECTIOUS), TERTIARY STAGE (LARGE SORES ON THE SKIN, ATTACKS THE HEART AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM)
  • CAN BE TREATED WITH ANTIBIOTICS (BUT PRIOR TO ANTIBIOTICS EXISTING, SYPHILIS COULD OFTEN BE FATAL IN TERTIARY STAGE
  • OVERALL NOT A LOT OF CASES IN ENGLAND, BUT FAR MORE IN MEN THAN WOMEN; RATES RISING STEADILY OVER THE LAST DECADE
  • UNCOMMON IN HETEROSEXUAL MEN AND WOMEN AND WOMEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH WOMEN
  • LARGEST PREVALENCE AND INCREASE IN PREVALENCE IN MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN
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13
Q

BACTERIUM TREPONEM PALLIDUM CAUSES

A

SYPHILIS

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14
Q

SYPHILIS; DISEASE STAGES

A

3 (SYMPTOMATIC) STAGES:

  • PRIMARY (WITHIN 3 MONTHS OF INITIAL INFECTION, PEOPLE GET A SINGLE PAINLESS ULCER, USULLY IN THE GENITAL AREA, GOES AWAY ON ITS OWN)
  • SECONDARY (DEVELOPS 2-8 WEEKS LATER, SYMPTOMS INCLUDE WHOLE BODY RASH, + POSSIBLE FEVER, SORE THROAT, WEIGHT LOSS AND HAIRLOSS —> WILL ALSO HEAL ON ITS OWN)
  • LATENT STAGE (1-20 YEARS, SO SYMPTOMS BUT THE PERSON STILL INFECTIOUS)
  • TERTIARY STAGE (LARGE SORES ON THE SKIN, ATTACKS THE HEART AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM)
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15
Q

GENITAL HERPES

A
  • HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS
  • PAINFUL BLISTERS ON GENITLS
  • TRANSMITTED THROUGH INTIMATE SEXUAL CONTACT
  • CHRONIC CONDITION (NOT LIFE THREATENIG, BUT PEOPLE DEVELOP BLISTER AND HEAL LIFELONG, IN CYCLES)
  • FEW/NO INITIAL SYMPTOMS
  • CONTROLLED WITH ANTIVIRAL MEDICINES
  • PROBLEM IF PREGNANT; RISK OF MISCARRIAGE, PREMATURE BIRTH, NEONATAL HERPES (BLISTERS POSSIBLE ALLOVER THE BODY, VIRUS CAN INVADE BABY’S INTERNAL ORGANS AND LEAD TO MULTIPLE ORGANS, WHICH CAN BE FATAL)
  • SLIGHT RISE IN FEMALES
  • SEEN ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY IN HETEROSEXUAL INDIVIDUALS, ESP WOMEN
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16
Q

GENITAL WARTS

A
  • 2ND MOST COMMON STI AFTER CHLAMYDIA INUK
  • SMALL FLESHY GROWTHS, BUMPS OR SKIN CHANGES
  • SPREAD SEXUALLY AND THROUGH DIRECT CONTACT
  • CAUSED MAINLY BY 2 STRAINS OF HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV)
  • TYPES OF HPV THAT CAUSE VISIBLE WARTS DO NOT CAUSE CANCER
  • CAN TAKE YEARS/MONTHS FOR WARTS TO DEVELOP
17
Q

GENITAL WARTS ARE CAUSED BY WHICH PATHOGEN\?

A

HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV, 2 SPECIFIC STRAINS)

18
Q

WHICH TYPE OF CANCER CAN HPV CAUSE?

A

CERVICAL

19
Q

CASE MANAGEMENT FOR STIs IN ENGLAND?

A

TEST UPTAKE

1) OFFER TEST
2) TAKE SPECIMEN

DETECT INFECTIONS
3) MAKE A DIAGNOSIS

TREATMENT

4) GET RESULTS
5) GIVE TREATMENT

PARTNER MANAGEMENT

6) NOTIFY PARTNERS (CONTACT TRACING, ANONYMOUS NOTIFICATION)
7) PREVENT REINFECTION 9EDUCATION AND INFORMATION)

20
Q

TESTING FOR STIs IN PREGNANCY?

A

ALL WOMEN ARE OFFERED A BLOOD TEST FOR 3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES: HEPATITIS B, HIV AND SYPHILIS (HIGHLY RECOMMENDED THAT THEY DO THE TEST)
- NEEDS TO BE DONE AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE, IDEALLY BY 10 WEEKS, SO TREATMENT CAN BE STARTED TO HELP REDUCE THE RISK OF PASSING THE INFECTION ON TO BABY

21
Q

MULTI DRUG RESISTAN STRAINS OF WHICH STI ARE BECOMING INCREASINGLY COMMON?

A

GONORRHOEA

22
Q

YOUNG PEOPLE’S PREFERRED SOURCE OF RSE (RELATIONSHIP AND SEX EDUCATION)

A

SCHOOL

23
Q

WHEN DID: RELATIONSHIPS EDUCATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL, RELATIONSHIPS AND SEX EDUCATION IN SECONDRY SCHOOLS AND HALTH EDUCATION IN BOTH PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS BECAME MANDATORY IN ALL!! UK SCHOOLS?

A

SEPTEMBER 2020