SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS Flashcards
AVERAGE NUMBER OF YEARLY DIAGNOSIS OF STIs IN ENGLAND (2009-2018)
400,000 - 450,000
WHICH STI DIAGNOSES INCREASED IN ENGLAND IN MEN BETWEEN 2009 AND 2018?
- GONORRHOEA (LSO IN WOMEN)
- SYPHILIS
STI RATES IN FEMALE TEENAGERS IN ENGLAND COMPARED TO MALE TEENAGERS?
RATES IN FEMALE TEENS ARE MORE THN TWICE THAT OF MALE TEENAGERS
IN WHICH AGE GROUPS ARE STI RATES HIGHER IN WOMEN THAN IN MEN (IN ENGLAND)?
15-19
20-24
HOW MANY STI DIAGNOSES ARE THERE DAILY IN ENGLAND (ACCORDING TO PHE DATA) IN PEOPLE YOUNGER THAN 25?
400 DAILY (‘ONE CASE EVERY 4 MINS’) –> MORE RISKY BEHAVIOURS
WHICH ETHIC GROUP (MALE0 HAS THE HIGHEST RATES OF STIs IN ENGLAND?
BLACK CARIBBEAN (FOLLOWD BY BLACK AFRICAN AND BLACK OTHER)
WHICH AREA TENDS TO HVE HIGHEST STI RTES IN TH UK?
AREAS OF LONDON
RATES OF TI DIAGNOSES BY INDEXOF MULTIPLE DEPRIVATION (ENGLAND, 2018)?
THOSE MOST DEPRIVED —> HIGHEST RATES
- THE MORE DEPRIVED THE HIGHEST THE STI RATE (STEP WISE INCREASE AND DECREASE)
WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION IN THE UK?
CHLAMYIDIA
CHLAMYDIA
- MOST COMMON SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION IN UK
- TRANSMITTED SEXUALLY AND ALSO FROM MOTHER TO CHILD
- OFTEN ASYMPTOMATIC (THE INCIDENCE IS POPULATION IS THEREFORE USULLY CONSIDERABLY HIGHER THAN WHAT DATA SUGGESTS –> THE MORE YOU TEST, THE MORE YOU’LL FIND)
- SYMPTOMS: PAIN WHEN URINATING (MOST COMMON), VAGINAL/PENILE DISCHARGE, BLEEDING DURING/AFTER SEX, BETWEEN PERIODS (F) OR HEAVY PERIODS, LOWER ABDOMINAL PAIN, TESTICULAR PAIN
- CAUSES PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE WHICH CAN LEAD TO INFERTILITY, MISCARRIAGE AND ECTOPIC PRGENANCY (F)
- CAN LEAD TO ORCHITIS, RECTIVE ARTHRITIS AND INFERTILITY (M)
GONORRHOEA
- BACTERIAL INFECTION - NEISSERIA GONORRHOEA
- CAN INFECT THE CERVIX, URETHRA, THROAT AND EYES
- MORE FREQUENTLY SYMPTOMATIC THAN CHLAMYIDA
- SYMPTOMS: THICK GREEN/YELLOW DISCHARGE, PAINFUL URINATION, ABDNORMAL BLEEDING (F)
- CAUSES PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE WHICH CAN LAD TO INFERTILITY, MISCARRIAGE, ECTOPIC PREGNANCY
- IN MALES CAN LEAD TO ORCHITIS (TESTICULAR INFLAMMATION) AND PROSTATITIS
- RARELY! CAN CAUSE REACTIVE ARTHRITIS. MENINGITIS AND INFERTILITY
- CAN BE PASSED ON TO A BAY DURING BIRH, LEADING TO EYE INFECTION SYMPTOMS WITH A THICK DISCHARGE
- RATES OF GONORRHOEA HAVE BEEN INCREASING IN BOTH SEXES (THE RISE MORE PROMINENT IN MEN; HIGH RATE OF TRANSMISSION AMONGST MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN)
- HARDLY ANY CASES IN WOMEN WHO HVE SEX WITH WOMEN
- RATES VERY SIMILAR IN HETEROSEXUAL MEN AND WOMEN
SYPHILIS
BACTERIAL INFECTION - TREPONEM PALLIDUM
- TRANSMITTED SEXUALLY, FROM MOTHER TO CHIL (CAUSING CONGENITAL SYPHILIS OR STILLBIRTH) AND THROUGH SHARIG NEEDLES
- 3 (SYMPTOMATIC) STAGES: PRIMARY (WITHIN 3 MONTHS OF INITIAL INFECTION, PEOPLE GET A SINGLE PAINLESS ULCER, USULLY IN THE GENITAL AREA, GOES AWAY ON ITS OWN), SECONDARY (DEVELOPS 2-8 WEEKS LATER, SYMPTOMS INCLUDE WHOLE BODY RASH, + POSSIBLE FEVER, SORE THROAT, WEIGHT LOSS AND HAIRLOSS —> WILL ALSO HEAL ON ITS OWN), LATENT STAGE (1-20 YEARS, SO SYMPTOMS BUT THE PERSON STILL INFECTIOUS), TERTIARY STAGE (LARGE SORES ON THE SKIN, ATTACKS THE HEART AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM)
- CAN BE TREATED WITH ANTIBIOTICS (BUT PRIOR TO ANTIBIOTICS EXISTING, SYPHILIS COULD OFTEN BE FATAL IN TERTIARY STAGE
- OVERALL NOT A LOT OF CASES IN ENGLAND, BUT FAR MORE IN MEN THAN WOMEN; RATES RISING STEADILY OVER THE LAST DECADE
- UNCOMMON IN HETEROSEXUAL MEN AND WOMEN AND WOMEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH WOMEN
- LARGEST PREVALENCE AND INCREASE IN PREVALENCE IN MEN WHO HAVE SEX WITH MEN
BACTERIUM TREPONEM PALLIDUM CAUSES
SYPHILIS
SYPHILIS; DISEASE STAGES
3 (SYMPTOMATIC) STAGES:
- PRIMARY (WITHIN 3 MONTHS OF INITIAL INFECTION, PEOPLE GET A SINGLE PAINLESS ULCER, USULLY IN THE GENITAL AREA, GOES AWAY ON ITS OWN)
- SECONDARY (DEVELOPS 2-8 WEEKS LATER, SYMPTOMS INCLUDE WHOLE BODY RASH, + POSSIBLE FEVER, SORE THROAT, WEIGHT LOSS AND HAIRLOSS —> WILL ALSO HEAL ON ITS OWN)
- LATENT STAGE (1-20 YEARS, SO SYMPTOMS BUT THE PERSON STILL INFECTIOUS)
- TERTIARY STAGE (LARGE SORES ON THE SKIN, ATTACKS THE HEART AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM)
GENITAL HERPES
- HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS
- PAINFUL BLISTERS ON GENITLS
- TRANSMITTED THROUGH INTIMATE SEXUAL CONTACT
- CHRONIC CONDITION (NOT LIFE THREATENIG, BUT PEOPLE DEVELOP BLISTER AND HEAL LIFELONG, IN CYCLES)
- FEW/NO INITIAL SYMPTOMS
- CONTROLLED WITH ANTIVIRAL MEDICINES
- PROBLEM IF PREGNANT; RISK OF MISCARRIAGE, PREMATURE BIRTH, NEONATAL HERPES (BLISTERS POSSIBLE ALLOVER THE BODY, VIRUS CAN INVADE BABY’S INTERNAL ORGANS AND LEAD TO MULTIPLE ORGANS, WHICH CAN BE FATAL)
- SLIGHT RISE IN FEMALES
- SEEN ALMOST EXCLUSIVELY IN HETEROSEXUAL INDIVIDUALS, ESP WOMEN
GENITAL WARTS
- 2ND MOST COMMON STI AFTER CHLAMYDIA INUK
- SMALL FLESHY GROWTHS, BUMPS OR SKIN CHANGES
- SPREAD SEXUALLY AND THROUGH DIRECT CONTACT
- CAUSED MAINLY BY 2 STRAINS OF HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV)
- TYPES OF HPV THAT CAUSE VISIBLE WARTS DO NOT CAUSE CANCER
- CAN TAKE YEARS/MONTHS FOR WARTS TO DEVELOP
GENITAL WARTS ARE CAUSED BY WHICH PATHOGEN\?
HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV, 2 SPECIFIC STRAINS)
WHICH TYPE OF CANCER CAN HPV CAUSE?
CERVICAL
CASE MANAGEMENT FOR STIs IN ENGLAND?
TEST UPTAKE
1) OFFER TEST
2) TAKE SPECIMEN
DETECT INFECTIONS
3) MAKE A DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
4) GET RESULTS
5) GIVE TREATMENT
PARTNER MANAGEMENT
6) NOTIFY PARTNERS (CONTACT TRACING, ANONYMOUS NOTIFICATION)
7) PREVENT REINFECTION 9EDUCATION AND INFORMATION)
TESTING FOR STIs IN PREGNANCY?
ALL WOMEN ARE OFFERED A BLOOD TEST FOR 3 INFECTIOUS DISEASES: HEPATITIS B, HIV AND SYPHILIS (HIGHLY RECOMMENDED THAT THEY DO THE TEST)
- NEEDS TO BE DONE AS EARLY AS POSSIBLE, IDEALLY BY 10 WEEKS, SO TREATMENT CAN BE STARTED TO HELP REDUCE THE RISK OF PASSING THE INFECTION ON TO BABY
MULTI DRUG RESISTAN STRAINS OF WHICH STI ARE BECOMING INCREASINGLY COMMON?
GONORRHOEA
YOUNG PEOPLE’S PREFERRED SOURCE OF RSE (RELATIONSHIP AND SEX EDUCATION)
SCHOOL
WHEN DID: RELATIONSHIPS EDUCATION IN PRIMARY SCHOOL, RELATIONSHIPS AND SEX EDUCATION IN SECONDRY SCHOOLS AND HALTH EDUCATION IN BOTH PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS BECAME MANDATORY IN ALL!! UK SCHOOLS?
SEPTEMBER 2020
