CBL - COVID Flashcards
WHAT % OF GENOME SEQUENCE IDENTITY DOES SARS CoV2 SHARE WITH SARS AND WITH MERS?
79% WITH SARS
50% WITH MERS
WAT IS THE SEVERITY OF DISEASE IMPACT THAT CAN BE DECLARED BELOW THE PANDEMIC (HIGHEST)?
PH EMERGENCY OF INTERNATIONAL CONCERN
HOW MANY AUTHORISED COVID TREATMENTS FOR THE USE IN EU ARE THERE AND WHAT ARE THEY?
6
KINERET, REGKIRONA, ROACTEMRA, RONAPREVE, VEKLURY, XEVUDY
R0 CAN ONLY BE CALCULATED PROSPECTIVELY OR RETROSPECTIVEY?
RETROSPECTIVELY
DATA FROM WHICH SOURCE IS KEY FOR ESTABLISHING/CALCULATING THE R0 NUMBER OF A DISEASE?
CONTACT TRACING
WHAT IS THE MOST CONTAGIOUS VIRAL DISEASE, AND WHAT IS THE BASIC REPRODUCTION NUMBER?
- MEASLES
- R0=12-18
CORONAVIRUSES: ENVELOPED OR NOT? RNA OR DNA? POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE SENSE?
ENVELOPED POSITIVE SENSE RNA VIRUSES
HOW MANY HUMAN CORONAVIRUSES HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED (HCoVs)? WHAT IS THEIR ORIGIN?
7, ALL THOUGHT TO HAVE ZOONOTIC ORIGIN
WHEN DID SARS CoV OUTBREAK OCCUR AND WHAT WAS THE FATALITY RATE?
2003, 10%
WHEN DID MERS CoV OUTBREAK OCCUR AND WHAT WAS THE FATALITY RATE?
2012, 35%
SARS CoV 2 ORIGINS?
- FIRST KNOWN INFECTIONS IN WUHAN, CHINA
- THE ORIGINAL SOURCE OF VIRAL TRANSMISSION TO HUMANS UNCLEAR
- MANY OF THE EARLY INFECTEES WERE WORKERS AT THE HUANAN SEAFOOD MARKET, IT WAS SUGGESTED THAT THE VIRUS MIGHT HAVE ORIGINATED FROM THERE, BUT THE VISITORS COULD HAVE ALSO INTRODUCED THE VIRUS INTO THE MARKET FIRST
- MARCH 2021 WHO REPORT: HUMAN SPILLOVER VIA AN INTERMEDIATE ANIMAL HOST IS THE MOST LIKELY EXPLANATION, AND DIRECT SPILLOVER FROM BATS NEXT MOST LIKELY
- ALTERNATIVE THEORY: SARS CoV 2 EMERGED IN A LABORATORY ACCIDENT FROM THE WUHAN INSTITUTE OF VIROLOGY, WHERE RESEARCH ON SARS CoV WAS UNDERWAY (NO DIRECT EVIDENCE FOR THIS)
GOLD STANDARD FOR COVID DIAGNOSIS?
REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMEARSE CHAIN REACTION (RT-PCR)
WHAT IS THE MOST PREVALENT LONG COVID SYMPTOM?
FATIGUE
THE 2 MAIN SYSTEMS TARGETED BY SARS CoV 2?
RESPIRATORY AND VASCULAR
MOST COMMON COVID-19 SYMPTOMS?
FEVER, COUGH, SHORTNESS OF BREATH
LESS COMMONLY: SORE THROAT, ANOSMIA, DYSGEUSIA, ANOREXIA, DIARRHOEA..
CLINICAL ILLNESS IN COVID 19 IS CHARACTERISED BY?
- ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILUR (REQUIRING MECHANICAL VENTILATION)
- SEPTIC SHOCK
- MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE
RISK FACTORS FOR SEVERE COVID?
- ELDERLY
- HAVING UNDERLYING HEALTH CONDITIONS
- LOWER SES
- BEING OF SOUTH ASIAN OR AFRICAN CARIBBEAN DESCENT (IN THE UK)
LONG COVID IS SIMILAR TO WHICH CONDITION?
CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME
% OF PATIENTS WHO TEST POSITIVE ON PCR FOR COVID 19 AND HAVE SYMPTOMS FOR MORE THAN 3 WEEKS?
10%
LONG COVID WORKING DEFINITIONS: SYMPTOMS LASTING FOR MORE THAN…
12 WEEKS
ESTIMATED R0 FOR SARS COV 2?
2.39 - 3.44
WHERE WAS DELTA COVID VARIANT DISCOVERED?
INDIA
HOW MANY UK HOUSEHOLD REPORTED DETERIORATING OR CONSTANTLY POOR MENTAL HEALTH IN 2020?
1/9
SELF MEDICATION IN COVID: MORE POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE?
SELF MEDICATING OFTEN USED TO COMBAT PSYCHOLOGICAL SYMPTOMS WHICH WERE OCCURING AS CONSEQUENCES OF THE PANDEMIC AND RESULTED IN RISE IN DELETERIOUS HEALTH BEHAVIOURS SUCH AS ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
SOUTH KOREA VS NEW ZELAND VS INDIA - COVID RESPONSE
SOUTH KOREA:
- PANDEMIC RESPONSE CONSIDERED EXCEPTIONAL
- ADVANCED USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL INTERVENTIONS SUCH AS HIGHLY EFFECTIVE TEST-TRACE-ISOLATE SYSTEM + QUARANTINE MEASURES FOR TRAVELLERS ARIVING IN THE COUNTRY
NEW ZELAND:
- ALSO EFFECTIVE APPROACH
- EARLY PUBLIC POLICIES, EARLY AND AGRESSIVE TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS AND BORDER CLOSURES
INDIA:
- VERY STRICT LOCKDOWN IN THE FIRST WAVE, LEADING TO LOW NUMBER OF CASES
- SUCH MEASURES NOT REPEATED IN THE 2ND WAVE (APRIL 2021), LEADING TO 400 000+ NEW DAILY CASES
- CULMINATION OF MORE TRANSMISSIBLE VARIANTS (DELTA)
- LACK OF HOSPITAL STRUCTURE FOR TREATING COVID PATIENTS
- CLINICAL EQUIPMENT ACQUIRED LATE, GOVERNMENT NOT MANDATING BEHAVIOURAL STRATEGIES, OCCURENCE OF SUPER-SPREADER SOCIAL GATHERINGS —> PRSENTED IDEAL CONDITIONS FOR HIGH-MORTALITY CHAIN OF TRANSMISSION
