Sexual Reproduction Flashcards
What would happen if living things didn’t reproduce?
If they were unable to reproduce, they would become exctinct
What is the biological word for sex cells?
Gametes
What are the animal gametes (male and female)
Sperm and egg
What are the plant cell gametes?
Pollen grain (male) and ovule (female)
What is the function of the sepal?
Protects the flower bud
What is the function of a petal?
Attracts insects
What is the function of the stamen?
Male part of flower
What is the function of the anther?
Produces pollen grains
What is the function of the stigma?
Catches pollen grains
What is the function of the ovary?
Contains ovules
What is the function of the nectary?
Produces nectar to attract insects
What is pollination?
Pollination is the transfer of pollen (male gamete) from the anther to the stigma
How are plants pollinated?
Plants are pollinated by insects or the wind
If pollination is in the same flower it is called?
Self pollination
Is pollination is between different flowers it is called?
Cross pollination
What is plant fertilisation?
When the nucleus of the male gamete fuses with the female gamete
Where does plant fertilisation take place?
In the ovary
Explain pollination
A pollen tube grows down from the pollen grain to the ovary. The male gamete travels down the pollen tube to the ovary and the nucleus fuses with the ovule nucleus
What is the function of the seed coat?
To protect the seed
What is the function of the food store?
Provides energy for the embryo to grow into the new plant
What is the function of the embryo in the seed?
Becomes the new plant
What three things are needed for germination?
Water, oxygen and warmth
What is the function of the testes?
Sperm production
What is the function of the sperm duct?
Sperm travel along here to get to the penis
What is the function of the penis?
Sexual organ which allows sperm to enter vagina
What is the function of the urethra?
Tube which releases sperm
What is the function of the uterus?
Area that fertilised egg develops into a baby
What is the function of the ovary?
Produces eggs
What is the function of the vagina?
Allows penis to enter during sexual intercourse
What is the function of the oviduct?
Eggs travel along here to the uterus. SITE OF FERTILISATION
Explain fertilisation in humans
Sperm cells are released and travel through the cervix and uterus towards the oviduct.
In the oviduct, one sperm burrows into the egg and THE NUCLEI OF EACH GAMETE FUSE forming a diploid zygote.
Zygote divides by mitosis as it travels along the oviduct, becomes a ball of cells called an embryo
Embryo will grow and develop into a foetus. Site of implantation is where the placenta forms
Why must all living things reproduce?
To produce offspring similar to themselves
