DNA and the production of proteins

Question 1

What is the nucleus of a cell make up of?

Answer 1

Chromosomes

Question 2

What are chromosomes like? (structures and made of)

Answer 2

Thread- like structures made of DNA

Question 3

What is a: GENE?

Answer 3

A small section of DNA in a chromosome which controls specific characteristics (eg. Eye colour). Genes control all the different characteristics of living things by producing particular protein.

Question 4

What is a: CHROMOSOME COMPLEMENT?

Answer 4

The number of chromosomes present in the nucleus of a species’ cells.

Question 5

What is the: HAPLOID NUMBER?

Answer 5

The number of chromosomes in one set (eg. humans- 23)

Question 6

What are chromosomes made of?

Answer 6

DNA.

Question 7

What is the shape of the DNA molecule?

Answer 7

A double- helix.

Question 8

What is: A small section of DNA in a chromosome which controls specific characteristics (eg. Eye colour). They control all the different characteristics of living things by producing particular protein?

Answer 8

Genes

Question 9

What is: The number of chromosomes present in the nucleus of a species’ cells?

Answer 9

Chromosome complement.

Question 10

What is: The number of chromosomes in one set?

Answer 10

The haploid number

Question 11

What are the different bases on the four types of nucleotides?

Answer 11

Adenine, A
Thymine, T
Guanine, G
Cytosine, C

Question 12

What forms a permanent strand between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of another.

Answer 12

Strong chemical bonds.

Question 13

In DNA what are the uprights formed by?

Answer 13

Sugar phosphate back bones

Question 14

What do base pairs form?

Answer 14

The rungs

Question 15

What joins each base to it’s complementary partner.

Answer 15

Weak hydrogen bonds.

Question 16

What does Adenine, A only pair with?

Answer 16

Thymine, T

Question 17

What does Thymine, T only pair with?

Answer 17

Adenine, A

Question 18

What does Guanine, G only pair with?

Answer 18

Cytosine, C

Question 19

What does Cytosine, C only pair with?

Answer 19

Guanine, G

Question 20

What determines an organisms inherited characteristics?

Answer 20

The genetic information contained by the DNA.

Question 21

What is the: GENETIC CODE?

Answer 21

The information present in DNA which takes the form of a code.

Question 22

What can the sequence of bases be thought of?

Answer 22

Codewords.

Question 23

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 23

Amino acids joined in a long chain.

Question 24

A sequence of 3 bases is…

Answer 24

The code for one amino acid.

Question 25

What is the first step in making protein?

Answer 25

To copy the code.

Question 26

What is the copy called?

Answer 26

mRNA (messenger RNA)

Question 27

What does the mRNA do?

Answer 27

Goes to a ribosome.

Question 28

What does the ribosome do?

Answer 28

It reads the code and joins the correct amino acids together to make the protein.

Question 29

Where is: The information present in DNA which takes the form of a code.

Answer 29

Genetic code.

Question 30

Amino acids joined in a long chain make?

Answer 30

Proteins

Question 31

The code for one amino acid is made of?

Answer 31

A sequence of 3 bases.

Question 32

What: reads the code and joins the correct amino acids together to make the protein.

Answer 32

Ribosome