DNA and the production of proteins Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the nucleus of a cell make up of?

A

Chromosomes

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2
Q

What are chromosomes like? (structures and made of)

A

Thread- like structures made of DNA

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3
Q

What is a: GENE?

A

A small section of DNA in a chromosome which controls specific characteristics (eg. Eye colour). Genes control all the different characteristics of living things by producing particular protein.

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4
Q

What is a: CHROMOSOME COMPLEMENT?

A

The number of chromosomes present in the nucleus of a species’ cells.

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5
Q

What is the: HAPLOID NUMBER?

A

The number of chromosomes in one set (eg. humans- 23)

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6
Q

What are chromosomes made of?

A

DNA.

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7
Q

What is the shape of the DNA molecule?

A

A double- helix.

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8
Q

What is: A small section of DNA in a chromosome which controls specific characteristics (eg. Eye colour). They control all the different characteristics of living things by producing particular protein?

A

Genes

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9
Q

What is: The number of chromosomes present in the nucleus of a species’ cells?

A

Chromosome complement.

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10
Q

What is: The number of chromosomes in one set?

A

The haploid number

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11
Q

What are the different bases on the four types of nucleotides?

A

Adenine, A
Thymine, T
Guanine, G
Cytosine, C

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12
Q

What forms a permanent strand between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of another.

A

Strong chemical bonds.

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13
Q

In DNA what are the uprights formed by?

A

Sugar phosphate back bones

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14
Q

What do base pairs form?

A

The rungs

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15
Q

What joins each base to it’s complementary partner.

A

Weak hydrogen bonds.

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16
Q

What does Adenine, A only pair with?

A

Thymine, T

17
Q

What does Thymine, T only pair with?

A

Adenine, A

18
Q

What does Guanine, G only pair with?

A

Cytosine, C

19
Q

What does Cytosine, C only pair with?

A

Guanine, G

20
Q

What determines an organisms inherited characteristics?

A

The genetic information contained by the DNA.

21
Q

What is the: GENETIC CODE?

A

The information present in DNA which takes the form of a code.

22
Q

What can the sequence of bases be thought of?

A

Codewords.

23
Q

What are proteins made up of?

A

Amino acids joined in a long chain.

24
Q

A sequence of 3 bases is…

A

The code for one amino acid.

25
Q

What is the first step in making protein?

A

To copy the code.

26
Q

What is the copy called?

A

mRNA (messenger RNA)

27
Q

What does the mRNA do?

A

Goes to a ribosome.

28
Q

What does the ribosome do?

A

It reads the code and joins the correct amino acids together to make the protein.

29
Q

Where is: The information present in DNA which takes the form of a code.

A

Genetic code.

30
Q

Amino acids joined in a long chain make?

A

Proteins

31
Q

The code for one amino acid is made of?

A

A sequence of 3 bases.

32
Q

What: reads the code and joins the correct amino acids together to make the protein.

A

Ribosome