DNA and the production of proteins Flashcards
What is the nucleus of a cell make up of?
Chromosomes
What are chromosomes like? (structures and made of)
Thread- like structures made of DNA
What is a: GENE?
A small section of DNA in a chromosome which controls specific characteristics (eg. Eye colour). Genes control all the different characteristics of living things by producing particular protein.
What is a: CHROMOSOME COMPLEMENT?
The number of chromosomes present in the nucleus of a species’ cells.
What is the: HAPLOID NUMBER?
The number of chromosomes in one set (eg. humans- 23)
What are chromosomes made of?
DNA.
What is the shape of the DNA molecule?
A double- helix.
What is: A small section of DNA in a chromosome which controls specific characteristics (eg. Eye colour). They control all the different characteristics of living things by producing particular protein?
Genes
What is: The number of chromosomes present in the nucleus of a species’ cells?
Chromosome complement.
What is: The number of chromosomes in one set?
The haploid number
What are the different bases on the four types of nucleotides?
Adenine, A
Thymine, T
Guanine, G
Cytosine, C
What forms a permanent strand between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of another.
Strong chemical bonds.
In DNA what are the uprights formed by?
Sugar phosphate back bones
What do base pairs form?
The rungs
What joins each base to it’s complementary partner.
Weak hydrogen bonds.
What does Adenine, A only pair with?
Thymine, T
What does Thymine, T only pair with?
Adenine, A
What does Guanine, G only pair with?
Cytosine, C
What does Cytosine, C only pair with?
Guanine, G
What determines an organisms inherited characteristics?
The genetic information contained by the DNA.
What is the: GENETIC CODE?
The information present in DNA which takes the form of a code.
What can the sequence of bases be thought of?
Codewords.
What are proteins made up of?
Amino acids joined in a long chain.
A sequence of 3 bases is…
The code for one amino acid.
What is the first step in making protein?
To copy the code.
What is the copy called?
mRNA (messenger RNA)
What does the mRNA do?
Goes to a ribosome.
What does the ribosome do?
It reads the code and joins the correct amino acids together to make the protein.
Where is: The information present in DNA which takes the form of a code.
Genetic code.
Amino acids joined in a long chain make?
Proteins
The code for one amino acid is made of?
A sequence of 3 bases.
What: reads the code and joins the correct amino acids together to make the protein.
Ribosome
