Genetic engineering Flashcards

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1
Q

What is: GENETIC ENGINEERING

A

The transfer of genes from one organism to another(eg. human to bacteria)

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2
Q

Why are bacteria good for genetic engineering?

A

Because they contain plasmids which can be removed, altered and then placed into another bacterium.

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3
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Keeps the blood sugar at the correct level.

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4
Q

What does a lack of insulin cause?

A

Diabetes.

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5
Q

Why is the demand for insulin increasing?

A

The number of diabetics are increasing.

Diabetics are living longer.

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6
Q

Why is producing insulin by genetic engineering good?

A

It means that we can make as much as we need.

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7
Q

What is: The transfer of genes from one organism to another(eg. human to bacteria) ?

A

Genetic engineering.

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8
Q

What: Keeps the blood sugar at the correct level?

A

Insulin

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9
Q

How is human insulin produced in genetic engineering?

A

A working human insulin gene is removed from a non diabetic. It is placed into the plasmid of a bacterium, which is then able to produce human insulin.

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10
Q

What is a: REPROGRAMMED BACTERIAL CELL?

A

The bacterial cell that contains the new desired gene.

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11
Q

What are: GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS?

A

Any organisms which have had genes inserted from another organism.

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12
Q

What are genetically modified organisms important in?

A

The development of new varieties of animals and plants.
Improving the quality and quantity of food produced.
Beneficial in the search for new cures for diseases.

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13
Q

What are examples of GMO to crop plants?

A
Drought tolerance.
Disease resistance.
Pest resistance.
Easier harvesting.
Richer in vitamins.
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14
Q

What is: The bacterial cell that contains the new desired gene.

A

A reprogrammed bacterial cell.

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15
Q

What are: Any organisms which have had genes inserted from another organism.

A

Genetically modified organisms.

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16
Q

What is: GENE THERAPY

A

The replacement of a defective gene with a fully fuctional gene.

17
Q

What are some difficulties with gene therapy?

A

It is difficult getting the genes into the cancer cells.
Using modified viruses to do this can result in diseases being inserted.
In trials there have been some unexplained deaths.

18
Q

Why is gene therapy controversial?

A

Because if you can change the genes of a patient, it could be passed on to their children.

19
Q

What is: The replacement of a defective gene with a fully fuctional gene?

A

Gene therapy.