Cells, Tissues And Organs Flashcards
what is a multicellular organism?
Multicellular organisms are made up of many cells which are specialised
What are specialised cells?
Cells that perform specific functions in the organism
What are unicellular organisms?
Organisms made up of one cell only
What must the cell in the unicellular organisms do?
Carry out all of the functions to keep the organism alive
What is the function of a red blood cell?
To transport oxygen
What is the specialisation of a red blood cell?
- Bi-concave shape to fit through tiny blood capillaries
- large surface area for oxygen transport
- Haemoglobin which binds with oxygen
- no nucleus to maximise the amount of pigment
What is the function of a nerve cell?
To carry nerve impulses to different parts of the body
What is the specialisation of a nerve cell?
•long
•long projections to make connectors which other cells
•carries electrical signals
Transmits impulses which helps us co-ordinate thoughts and movement
What is the function of an egg cell?
To provide nourishment for the embryo before implantation in the womb
What is the specialisation of the egg cell?
- large
* cytoplasm contains nutrients and energy rich yolk to nourish embryo before implantation
What is the function of a sperm cell?
To reach and fertilise the female egg
What is the specialisation of a sperm cell?
- long tail for swimming
* head contains enzymes and nucleus to penetrate egg
What is the function of a muscle cell?
To contract and cause movement
What is the specialisation of a muscle cell?
- long and thin to help with movement
* large number of mitochondria to produce the energy required for contraction
What is the function of a root hair cell?
To absorb water and minerals for the soil for photosynthesis
What is the specialisation of a root hair cell?
- large surface area for absorption
* thin cell wall for minerals to pass through
What is the function of a phloem tissue?
To transport sugar around a plant
What is the specialisation of a phloem tissue?
- end walls have holes to allow sugar to be transported to next cell
- companion cell with larger nucleus to control cell
What is the function of the xylem vessel?
To support + water transport up plant