Serology (Lect 2)

Question 1

T/F you use a population frequency chart for Ag and the % is frequency of presence or “incidence”

Answer 1

true

Question 2

What is considered high incidence and low incidence?

Answer 2

High >90%
Low <10%

Question 3

Briefly describe phenotype testing

Answer 3

to ID unknown Ag on RBC use Anti-Sera

Question 4

Describe Abs briefly

Answer 4

person makes an Ab for an Ag they do NOT have on their RBCs
compatible blood is 100% population frequency of Ag
phenotype donor blood for Ag and look for negative Rxn

Question 5

Whats the number one cause for transfusion rxns?

Answer 5

Data entry errors

Question 6

Describe document control regulations

Answer 6

all results needed to be recordered as they are tested, even if they seem wrong
All data needs a second tech review
strict guidelines for how long documents need to be kept
all documents need to be legible and permanent

Question 7

Describe sample lables

Answer 7

affixed lable bearing sufficient information for unique ID of Pt
2 unique ID’s
(ex date and time, collector, arm band..etc)

Question 8

Describe sample integrity

Answer 8

EDTA preferred centrifuge to separate from plasma
NO GEL SEPARATOR
NO HEMOLYSIS
use enough volume

Question 9

Describe pt Hx

Answer 9

ABO/rH
difficult blood typing
clinically sign Ab
adverse events to transfusion

Question 10

Describe the 3-DAY RULE

Answer 10

samples should be retained for at least 7 days post transfusion
a sample should be obtained from pt within 3 days of scheduled transfusion

Question 11

What are some reasons the 3-day rule should not be followed?

Answer 11

pt has been transfused in the preceding 3 mos w/ blood containing allogenic rbcs
pt has been pregnant preceding 3 mos
Hxt is uncertain

Question 12

Describe quality control:
reagents

Answer 12

+/- controls need to be run daily
kit contents must not be mixed
manager must monitor QC once a month minimum

Question 13

Describe equipment: critical equipment

Answer 13

directly involved in testing/storage of blood
temp needs to be monitored daily
must be maintained according to manufacturers guidlines

Question 14

Describe QC daily
reagents. (ex I/A)
tests: (B/A)

Answer 14

before pt testing
reagents like IS/AHG
blood type/Ab screen

Question 15

Describe qc Non-routine

Answer 15

run w/ pt testing
tests systems
reagents used for specific test
Phenotyping/ anti sera/ fetal screening

Question 16

Describe BB reagents
; Ab colors

Answer 16

A blue
B yellow
D clear
G green (sometimes)

LONG OUTDATES

Question 17

Describe BB reagents RBC ags
screen/panel
reverce cells
outdates?

Answer 17

3% mix for tube testing
.8% mix for gel testing
screen/panel from one human donor who is 0 type
reverse cells can be from multiple donors
OUTDATES 3-5 WEEKS

Question 18

Describe handling of Ab and Ags

Answer 18

Ab - 2-10 deg, physical exam

Ag- 2-10deg physical exam

Question 19

Describe polycolonal

Answer 19

two different sources directed at same Ag multiple plasma cell courses to detect mutliple sites on same Ag

Question 20

Describe Monoclonal

Answer 20

Ab for specific Ag made from single plasma cell source to detect a single site on Ag

Question 21

Describe poly-specific

Answer 21

Ab mixture that detects multiple Ag or detects the Ag in different ways (IgG/IgM)
Anti-D/Anti-AHG

Question 22

Describe mono-specific

Answer 22

single Ab mixture to pick up single Ag
ABO/Ab

Question 23

T/F Polyclonal is mouse and monoclonal is rabbit

Answer 23

false
Monoclonal is mouse
Poly is rabbit

Question 24

Describe longevity

Answer 24

interaction based on Abs affinity and avidity
Affinity (binding)
Avidity (strength)

Question 25

Describe the Agglutination chart

Answer 25

0-4+ do not give pts blood if not NEG
Mix fields are pos/neg in the same tube, suspect reagent issues

Question 26

Describe the immediate spin test
what forms a lattice
what type of test
what brings sample together
temp?
plasma to cell ratio?

Answer 26

IgM abs form lattice w/o extra reagents
Direct test
centrifuge brings sample together
Room temperature
Plasma 2:1 cells
37 deg

Question 27

Describe incubation of the immediate spin test
what destorys RBCs
why is _ more likely to bind?

Answer 27

compliment proteins attach and destry rbcs, IgG ab more liekly to bind to Ab in body temperature

Question 28

Describe the Coombs test
what forms a lattice
requires removal of what
inc at what

Answer 28

IgG ab forms lattice w/ addition of IgM anti-IgG reagent
requries removal of unbound material for apporpriate rxn detection
Incubate at body temp (inc ab binding)

Question 29

T/F enhancements are added before the immediate spin to and before 37 deg incubation to reduce the zeta potential

Answer 29

false, enhancements added after the spin and before the incubation

Question 30

What does LISS do

Answer 30

reduces zeta potential

Question 31

What does ALb do

Answer 31

macromolecule decreases distance

Question 32

What does PEG do

Answer 32

absorbs water

Question 33

What does Polybrene do

Answer 33

binds and brings closer together